英語(yǔ)專業(yè)八級(jí)測(cè)驗(yàn)瀏覽懂得演習(xí)

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,

violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameans

ofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.

Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrule

bybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackman

protestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingand

pillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldin

otherrespectsappeartobereasonablemen,getupand

calmlyargueinfavorofviolence-asifitwerea

legitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreally

frightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,isthe

realizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehave

madenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsand

tiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremain

basicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryof

thehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,

hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnot

learntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesit

moreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshed,the

sufferingmeannothing.Nosolutionevercomestolight

themorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethe

smokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionslie

arefindingitharderandherdertogetahearing.They

aredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirown

kindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageous

thingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoes

intoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifourefforts

weredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,at

improvingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationand

employmentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwayto

arrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhaving

tomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Ina

well-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibleto

fulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogramme.The

benefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutions

areeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuine

andlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingwe

workwithintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-

existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeach

other，sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnabout

them:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,in

exchanginginformation."Talk,talk,talk,z/theadvocates

ofviolencesay,“allyoueverdeistalk,andweare

nonethewiser.〃It'sratherlikethestoryofthefamous

barristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothe

judge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudge

complainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethe

wiser."Possible,mylord,z，thebarristerreplied,“none

thewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed./zKnowledgeis

thenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom:theknowledgethat

violencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

[A]AdvocatingViolence.

[B]ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.

[C]ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsa

LegitimateSolution.

[D]TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.

2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus

[A]violenceneversolvesanything.[B]nothing.[C]

thebloodshedmeansnothing.[D]everything.

3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen

[A]can，tgetahearing.[B]arelookeddownupon.[C]

arepersecuted.[D]Havedifficultyinadvocatinglaw

enforcement.

4.〃Hewasnonethewiser"means

[A]hewasnotatallwiseinlistening.

[B]Hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore.

[C]Hegainsnothingafterlistening.

[D]Hemakesnosenseoftheargument.

5.Accordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolverace

prejudiceis

[A]lawenforcement.[B]knowledge.[C]

nonviolence.[D]Moppinguptheviolentmess.

難句譯注：

1.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwith

despairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothe

crunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.

【構(gòu)造簡(jiǎn)析】whenitcomestothecrunch=when/ifthe

decisivemomentcomes.當(dāng)癥結(jié)時(shí)刻來(lái)屆時(shí).

【參照譯文】真正令人可怖的，令人抻望的是,在癥結(jié)時(shí)刻，人們意

識(shí)到我們一點(diǎn)兒也沒(méi)有提高/進(jìn)步.

2.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemess

thatviolenceleavesinitswake.

【構(gòu)造簡(jiǎn)析】inthewakeof在…之后.

【參照譯文】由于我們不克不及不清算掉落暴力之后所留下的爛

攤子，我們的力氣是以減弱了.

3.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudge

complainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethe

wiser.

【構(gòu)造簡(jiǎn)析】none+the+比較級(jí).固定使用方法，義：notat

all一點(diǎn)兒也不?EX:Afterthetreatment,heisnonethe

better.治療后，他并沒(méi)有是以見(jiàn)好，（一點(diǎn)兒也不見(jiàn)好）.

【參照譯文】聽(tīng)了律師的長(zhǎng)篇解釋,法官埋怨說(shuō)他一無(wú)所得，其實(shí)

不是以變得愚蠢些.

4.Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom.

【參照譯文】常識(shí)是愚蠢的須要的先決前提.聯(lián)合高下文這里意思

是：懂得情形是處理問(wèn)題的先決前提.句子背面的解釋：常識(shí)是指

懂得它欲以處理暴力制作的罪行.

答案詳解：

1.B暴力難以清除種族成見(jiàn).文章一開(kāi)端就提出有些國(guó)度種族成見(jiàn)

輕微,而暴力倒是公認(rèn)的一種處理措施.白人采用暴力彈壓，黑人以

防火.掠搶為對(duì)抗.而兩邊的大人物鎮(zhèn)靜地論及暴力，似乎這是一種

合法的處理籌劃.作者就此指出人類的提高只在于概況一一服飾等,

人類的本性沒(méi)有轉(zhuǎn)變.所有有記載汗青的文獻(xiàn)沒(méi)有教會(huì)人類任何器

械.這是真正令人恐怖的事宜.第二段論及真正有理智的懂得處理

籌劃地點(diǎn)的人宣傳法制，人們不停.他們反而收到歧視.危害.作者

就此提出假設(shè)，答出真正的處理籌劃嗜法制，以法治理.

第三段深入解釋“互換.對(duì)話”是懂得兩邊問(wèn)題的前提，雖然暴力

者不合意，但懂得暴力制作它偽裝要處理的罪行，是愚蠢愚蠢的須

要前提.

A.宣傳暴力.C.兩邊重要人物都把暴力作為合法的處理籌劃.D.人

類的賦性是嗜暴性.

2.B沒(méi)有什么.第一段中就明白提出整小我類有記載汗青又長(zhǎng)又臭

的暴力文獻(xiàn)記載，一點(diǎn)都沒(méi)有教給我們?nèi)魏纹餍?

A.暴力處理不了任何工作.C.屠殺（流血）沒(méi)有任何意義.D.一切.

3.D在宣傳法制方面有艱苦.答案在第二段，真正有理智的人宣傳

法制,遭到同類們的歧視.不信賴和危害.他們發(fā)明要人傾聽(tīng)他們的

見(jiàn)解越來(lái)越艱苦.

A.人們不聽(tīng).B.遭人歧視.C.遭人危害.這三項(xiàng)都包括在D項(xiàng)內(nèi).

4.C聽(tīng)后無(wú)所得.Nonethewiser一點(diǎn)也不比此前愚蠢（這是按字

面翻譯）.現(xiàn)實(shí)就是C項(xiàng).

A.在傾聽(tīng)他人上他一點(diǎn)也不愚蠢.B.他和此前一種樣.D.他聽(tīng)不懂

論點(diǎn).

5.A法制.第二段最終一句，假如我們?cè)谒痉ǖ臉?gòu)架中進(jìn)行工作,真

正的持久的處理老是能實(shí)現(xiàn)的.第二段第二句，他們?cè)獾轿：κ怯?/p>

于他們宣傳法制這種顯然令人不克不及容忍的事.

B.常識(shí).C.非暴力.D.處理暴力帶來(lái)的凌亂.

Thetouristtradeisbooming.Withallthiscomingand

going,you'dexpectgreaterunderstandingtodevelop

betweenthenationsoftheworld.Notabitofit!

Superbsystemsofcommunicationbyair,seaandlandmake

itpossibleforustovisiteachother，scountriesata

moderatecost.Whatwasoncethe'grandtour",reserved

foronlytheveryrich,isnowwithineverybody，sgrasp?

Thepackagetourandcharteredflightsarenottobe

sneeredat.Moderntravelersenjoyalevelofcomfort

whichthelordsandladiesongrandtoursintheolddays

couldn'thavedreamedof.Butwhat，sthesenseofthis

massexchangeofpopulationsifthenationsoftheworld

remainbasicallyignorantofeachother?

Manytouristorganizationsaredirectlyresponsible

forthisstateofaffairs.Theydeliberatelysetoutto

protecttheirclientsfromtoomuchcontactwiththe

localpopulation.Themoderntouristleadsacosseted,

shelteredlife.Helivesatinternationalhotels,where

heeatshisinternationalfoodandsipshisinternational

drinkwhilehegazesatthenativesfromadistance.

Conductedtourstoplacesofinterestarecareful]y

censored.Thetouristisallowedtoseeonlywhatthe

organizerswanthimtoseeandnomore.Astrictschedule

makesitimpossibleforthetouristtowanderoffonhis

own;andanyway,languageisalwaysabarrier,soheis

onlytoohappytobeprotectedinthisway.Atitsvery

worst,thisleadstoanewandhideouskindof

colonization.Thesummerquartersoftheinhabitantsof

theciteuniversitaire：aretemporarilyreestablishedon

theislandofCorfu.Blackpoolisrecreatedat

Torremolinoswherethetravelergoesnottoeatpaella,

butfishandchips.

Thesadthingaboutthissituationisthatitleads

tothepersistenceofnationalstereotypes.Wedon，tsee

thepeopleofothernationsastheyreallyare,butaswe

havebeenbroughtuptobelievetheyare.Youcantest

thisforyourself.Takefivenationalities,say,French,

German,English,AmericanandItalian.Nowinyourmind,

matchthemwiththesefiveadjectives：musical,amorous,

cold,pedantic,native.Farfromprovidinguswithany

insightintothenationalcharacteristicsofthepeoples

justmentioned,theseadjectivesactuallyactasbarriers.

Sowhenyousetoutonyourtravels,theonly

characteristicsyounoticearethosewhichconfirmyour

preconceptions.Youcomeawaywiththehighlyunoriginal

andinaccurateimpressionthat,say,JAnglo-Saxonsare

hypocrites'ofthat'Latinpeoplesshoutalot，.Youonly

havetomakeafewforeignfriendstounderstandhow

absurdandharmfulnationalstereotypesare.Buthowcan

youmakeforeignfriendswhenthetouristtradedoesits

besttopreventyou?

Carriedtoanextreme,stereotypescanbepositively

dangerous.Wildgeneralizationsstirupracialhatredand

blindustothebasicfact"howtriteitsounds!每That

allpeoplearehuman.Weareallsimilartoeachother

andatthesametimeallunique.

1.Thebesttitleforthispassageis

[A]Tourismcontributesnothingtoincreasing

understandingbetweennations.

[B]Tourismistiresome.

[C]Conductedtourisdull.

[D]Tourismreallydoessomethingtoone'scountry.

2.Whatistheauthor，sattitudetowardtourism?

[A]apprehensive.[B]negative.[C]critical.[D]

appreciative.

3.Whichwordinthefollowingisthebestto

summarizeLatinpeopleshoutalot?

[A]silent.[B]noisy.[C]lively.[D]active.

4.Thepurposeoftheauthor，scriticismistopoint

out

[A]conductedtourisdisappointing.

[B]thewayoftouringshouldbechanged.

[C]whentraveling,younoticecharacteristicswhich

confirmpreconception.

[D]nationalstereotypesshouldbechanged.

5.Whatis'grandtour，now?

[A]moderatecost.

[B]localsight-seeingisinvestigatedbythetourist

organization.

[C]peopleenjoythefirst-ratecomforts.

[D]everybodycanenjoythe'grandtour'.

答案詳解

1.A旅游對(duì)增進(jìn)平易近族懂得毫無(wú)建樹(shù).第二段開(kāi)端點(diǎn)出，

諸多旅游組織直接負(fù)責(zé)旅游事宜，他們故意識(shí)不讓旅游者接觸當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

居平易近，讓他們過(guò)著一種關(guān)懷備至又與世隔斷的生涯.住的是國(guó)

際飯鋪，吃的是國(guó)際食物,喝的是國(guó)際飲料,在原處不雅看當(dāng)?shù)鼐悠?/p>

易近.嚴(yán)厲有序的籌劃使旅游者難以自身一人閑逛,說(shuō)話的障礙,又

使他們樂(lè)意接受呵護(hù).第三段波及保持平易近族模式化一一老一套

的設(shè)法主意，因此一開(kāi)端旅游，你見(jiàn)到的平易近族特性就只是證明

了你自身假想的主線領(lǐng)實(shí)一一所有人平易近都是人類.只有交同伙

才能懂得平易近族模式是何等荒誕.有害,可是觀光社竭力嚴(yán)禁，你

又怎么能交上外國(guó)同伙呢？這一切解釋A項(xiàng)對(duì).

B.旅游很累.C.導(dǎo)游不雅光很單調(diào)乏味.D.旅游確切對(duì)國(guó)度有

進(jìn)獻(xiàn).

2.C批駁.

3.B吵吵鬧鬧的.

4.B旅游的措施應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)變.整篇文章（除第一段外）都圍繞旅游

措施不睬想來(lái)進(jìn)行批駁.第二段分散在導(dǎo)游不雅光使旅游者難以和

當(dāng)?shù)厝似揭捉佑|.第三段，見(jiàn)到的只是證明了旅游者自身事先形

成的思惟/先入之見(jiàn),旅游主線達(dá)不到懂得對(duì)方的目的.第四段講了

平易近族固定模式（先入之見(jiàn)的模式）的恐怖效果.要使人懂得所

有的人們都是人類,彼此類似,又各具特色,就得轉(zhuǎn)變旅游的措施.

A.導(dǎo)游不雅光令人掉望.C.旅游時(shí)，你見(jiàn)到的特性證明了你的

先入之見(jiàn).D.平易近族模式應(yīng)當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)變.這三條都是批駁的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容.

5.D人人都能享有大旅游.大觀光是專指英國(guó)巨室后輩上學(xué)

中的一門(mén)課程一到歐洲大陸不雅光.不是人人都能享有.這里用

grandtour暗示人人都能享有類似grandtour的一切，甚至超過(guò),

如第一段指出：現(xiàn)代旅游者享有的舒適當(dāng)措措施,到達(dá)了大觀光中

老爺.蜜斯們做夢(mèng)都沒(méi)有想到的程度.海陸空高等互換聯(lián)絡(luò)通信體

系,使人們有也許錢(qián)花得很快不多就能拜訪.不雅光此外國(guó)度.因此

說(shuō)，曾是有錢(qián)人專享的大觀光，通俗人也能領(lǐng)會(huì)."grandtour”有

引號(hào)，標(biāo)明作為比方.A.費(fèi)用不高.文內(nèi)是費(fèi)用適合.中等.合適.B.

當(dāng)?shù)夭谎殴馐芙M織審查.C.人們愛(ài)好一流舒適舉措措施.

Californiaisalandofvarietyandcontrast.Almost

everytypeofphysicallandfeature,sortofarcticice

fieldsandtropicaljunglescanbefoundwithinits

borders.Sharplycontrastingtypesoflandoftenlievery

closetooneanother.

PeoplelivinginBakersfield,forinstance,canvisit

thePacificOceanandthecoastalplain,thefertileSan

JoaquinValley,thearidMojaveDesert,andthehigh

SierraNevada,allwithinaradiusofabout100miles.In

otherareasitispossibletogosnowskiinginthe

morningandsurfingintheeveningofthesameday,

withouthavingtotravellongdistance.

ContrastaboundsinCalifornia.Thehighestpointin

theUnitedStates(outsideAlaska)isinCalifornia,

andsoisthelowestpoint(includingAlaska).Mount

Whitney,14,494feetabovesealevel,isseparatedfrom

DeathValley,282feetbelowsealevel,byadistanceof

only100miles.Thetwoareashaveadifferencein

altitudeofalmostthreemiles.

Californiahasdeep,clearmountainlakeslikeLake

Tahoe,thedeepestinthecountry,butitalsohas

shallow,saltydesertlakes.IthasLakeTulainyo,12,020

feetabovesealevel,andthelowestlakeinthecountry,

theSaltonSea,236feetbelowsealevel.Someofits

lakes,likeOwensLakeinDeathValley,arenotlakesat

all：theyaredrieduplakebeds.

Inadditiontomountains,lakes,valleys,deserts,

andplateaus,Californiaha