2024年6月英語六級真題六級聽力第一套原文Conversationone.i'vejustboughtanewblender.What'sthatablender?Amachinethatblendsfood.theelectrickitchenappliance,exactly.Thisoneisstateoftheart.I'vebeenmeaningtobuyoneforawhile.Ididthoroughresearchonwhichspecificmodeltoget.Ireadthroughmaybehundredsofonlineuserreviews.Anyway.it'samazingreallywhatcouldbesospecialaboutit.Iit'sjustablender.Basicallyit'sjustaverygoodone.Itfeelsheavyandsturdyandwellmade.Italsohaslotsofpowerandcaneasilycutandcrushpracticallyanything.Thisway.ThesoupsandjuicesImakecomeoutreallyfineandsmoothwithnolumpybits.IseeIhaveneverthoughtofgettingonemyself.ItsoundslikethekindofthingthatformepersonallyIwouldrarelyuse.I'veneverhadonebeforenowthatIdo,Iuseitallthetime.Imakeafreshfruitjuiceinthemorning,maybenoteverymorningbut3or4timesaweekanditfeelsfantastic.It'sareallyhealthyhabit.Icanimaginethatmustfeelquitesatisfying.Icanpictureyougettingallcreativeinthekitchenandtryingoutamultitudeofdifferentingredients.It'sobviouslygoingtobehealthierthanbuyingpackagedjuicefromasupermarket.It'ssomuchhealthier.It'snotevenclosedidyouknowthatstoreboughtjuiceislike10%sugar,right?Thenyouboughtitforthehealthbenefits,mostlyyes.Basically,itallowsmetohaveamorevarieddietwithafarwiderassortmentofnutrients,becauseit'snotonlyfruitinmymorningjuices.Yousee.Icanalsothrowinvegetables,nuts,yogurt,cereals,anythingthattickledmyfancy.Questions.1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.Question1,whatdoesthemansayhedidbeforebuyingtheblender?Question2,whatdoesthewomansayshehasneverthoughtofdoing?Question3,whatdoesthemansayisareallyhealthyhabit?Question4,whatdowelearnaboutstoreboughtjuicefromtheconversationtwo?Todaywehaveaveryinterestingguest,misterthomasbenjamingrimm,themayorofburkingtonisheretotalkabouthisjobandresponsibilitiesoverseeingthischarmingvillage.Mr.Grimm,thankyouforbeinghere.Thankyouforhavingme.I'dliketostartbystatingtheobviousburketonhasbecomeoneofthemostpopulartouristdestinationsinthecountryandthishashappenedunderyourwatch.Justhowdidyouachievethis?Theachievementsbelongstoalltheresidentsofburton.Itwasasharedeffortwhereeverybodypitchedinforthecommunalgood.Buthowdidthischangehappen?Inabout10years,burktonhasgonefromarelativelyunheardofsleepyvillagetoamustseedestination.Yes,thechangehastrulybeenremarkable.Burktonwasalwaysfortunatetobeendowedwithsuchabeautifulnaturalallure.Theanburyhillsabovethevillageremainuntouchedbyhumandevelopment.Thesonoravalleyjustbelowitisequallystunning.Thetransformationcommencedinatownhallmeetinginspring2008over10yearsago.Nowwhenanoverwhelmingmajorityofneighborsvotedinfavorofmotion,836,thislegislativeproposalessentiallysetouttoharmonizetheaestheticappearanceofallthehousesinberkton.Theideawasthatifallthepropertieslookedacertainwaywithshareddesignfeatures,thenthevillageasawholewouldlookmorebeautiful.Itworked,itcertainlydid.I'mlookingnowatabeforeandafterphotoandthechangeistrulyremarkable.It'shardtobelieveit'sthesameplace.Howdotheneighboursfeelnow?Greatpride.Iwouldsay.Butwhataboutthemultitudesofvisitorsnowcrowdingthestreets?Iseveryonehappyaboutthat?Thetouristswereceiveareablessingastheyhavecompletelyrevitalizedourlocaleconomy.Everyvisitoriswarmlywelcome.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.Question5,whatisthequestionthewomanaskedmistergrimmaftertheintroduction?Question6,whatdowelearnaboutburktonof10yearsago?Question7,whatresultedfromthepassingofthelegislativeproposalmotion836.Question8,whydoesthemansaythetouristsareablessingtobergen?Passageone,researchersintheushavecreatedaremotecontrolledrobotthatissosmall.Itcanwalkonthetopofauspennyinresearchpublishedinthejournalscience,robotics.Ateamatnorthwesternuniversitysaidthecrablikerobotis0.5millimeterswide.Researchersdescribeditasthesmallesteverremotecontrolledwalkingrobot.Thetinyrobotcanbend,twist,crawl,walk,turnandevenjumpwithouttheuseofcomplexhardwareorspecialpower.Theengineerssaidthisisbecausetherobotispoweredbytheelasticpropertyofitsbody.Toconstructtherobot,theresearchersusedashapememoryalloymaterialthattransformstoitsrememberedshapewhenheatedusingalaser,theteamisabletoheattherobotatspecificpartsofitsbody,causingittochangeshapeastherobotdeformsandgoesbacktoitsoriginalshape.Itcreatesmovementfromoneplacetoanother,becausethesestructuresaresotiny,therateofcoolingisveryfast.Projectlee,professorjohnarogerssaid,infact,reducingthesizesoftheserobotsallowsthemtorunfaster.Whiletheresearchisstillintheexploratoryphase,theteambelievesthattechnologycouldleadtomicrosizedrobotsthatcanperformpracticaltasks.Intightlyconfinedspaces,youmightimaginemicrorobotsasagentstorepairorassemblesmallstructuresormachinesinindustryorasurgicalassistancetoclearcloggedarteriestostopinternalbleedingortoeliminatecanceroustumorsallinminimallyinvasiveprocedures.Rogerssaid.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Question9,whatdoesthepassagesayaboutateamofresearchersatnorthwesternuniversity?Question10,whatdidtheresearcherssayabouttherobottheycreated?Question11,whatdotheresearchersexpecttheirrobotstodointhefuture?Passagetwo,Idon'twanttoboastoranything,butIhavealwaysconsideredmyselfsomethingofanelitesleepergiventheopportunity,Iwillsleepformarathonstretchesandcondosethroughthemostextremesituationsononeveryroughferrycrossingontheroutetotheislesofsilly.Forexample,mytravelingcompanionspenttheentire3hourridethrowingupinthebathroomwhileIdozedhappilyonaplasticchair.Unfortunately,ithascometomyattentionthatIamnotanelitesleeper.Afterall.ItseemsIamjustlazybecauseelitesleepersaredefinedastheapproximately3%ofthepopulationwhoarebiologicallyprogrammedtoneedlesssleepthantherestofus.Accordingtoastudythatcameoutinmarch,elitesleepershaveraregeneticchanges,whichmeanstheycansleepfewerhoursthanmeremortalswithoutanyriskofcognitivedecline,itmaynotbepossibletochangeyourowngenes,butcanyoutrainyourselftoneedlesssleep?Isthereanonbiologicalwaytoreachelitesleeperstatus?Ihavespentthepastyeartryingtoanswerthatquestion,notforfun,IshouldaddbecausehavingababyhasseverelydisruptedmysleepforwhichIstillhaveagreatpassionforawhile.Iassumedi'dbeforcedtobecomeoneofthosepeoplewhojumpoutofbedatthecrackofdawn.Afterayearoftoughscientificstudy,however,Ihavediscoveredbeingforcedtogetupearlyinthemorningisverydifferentfrombeinganearlybird.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Question12.WhatdoesthespeakersayshedidonherridetotheislesofsillyQuestion13.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutelitesleepers?Question14,whathasthespeakerbeentryingtofindoutoverthepastyear?Question15,whathasthespeakerdiscoveredafterayearoftoughscientificstudy?Recordingoneifyoureadanarticleaboutacontroversialissue,doyouthinkyou'drealizeifithadchangedyourbeliefs?Nooneknowsyourownmindlikeyoudo.Itseemsobviousthatyouwouldknowifyourbeliefshadshifted.Andyetanewpaperinthequarterlyjournalofexperimentalpsychologysuggeststhatweactuallyhaveverypoorawarenessofourownbeliefchange,meaningthatwewilltendtounderestimatehowmuchwe'vebeenswayed.Byaconvincingarticle,theresearchersrecruitedover200undergraduatesacrosstwostudiesandfocusedontheirbeliefsaboutwhetherphysicalpunishmentofkidsisaneffectiveformofdiscipline.Thestudentsreportedtheirinitialbeliefsaboutwhetherphysicalpunishmentisaneffectivewaytodisciplineachildonascalefromonecompletelydisbelieftoninecompletelybelieve.Severalweekslater,theyweregivenoneoftworesearchbasedtexttoread.Eachwasseveralpageslongandeitherpresentedtheargumentsanddatainfavorofphysicalpunishmentsoragainstit.Afterthis,thestudentsansweredsomequestionstotesttheircomprehensionandmemoryofthetext.Thenthestudentsagainscoredtheirbeliefinwhetherphysicalpunishmentiseffectiveornot.Finally,theresearchersaskedthemtorecallwhattheirbeliefhadbeenatthestartofthestudy.Thestudent'sbeliefaboutphysicalpunishmentchangedwhentheyreadatextthatarguedagainsttheirowninitialposition.Crucially,thememoryoftheirinitialbeliefwasshiftedinthedirectionoftheirnewbelief.Infact,theirmemorywasclosertotheircurrentbeliefthantheiroriginalbelief.Themoretheirbeliefhadchanged,thelargerthismemorybiastendedtobesuggestingthestudentswererelyingontheircurrentbelieftodeducetheirinitialbelief,thememorybiaswasunrelatedtothemeasuresofhowwellthey'dunderstoodorrecalledthetext,suggestingthesefactorsdidn'tplayaroleinmemoryofinitialbelieforawarenessofbeliefchange.Theresearchersconcedethatthisresearchwasaboutchangestomostlymoderatebeliefs.It'slikelythefindingswouldbedifferentinthecontextofchangestoextremeordeeplyheldbeliefs.However,ourbeliefsonmosttopicsareinthemoderaterange.Andaswegoaboutourdailylivesreadinginformativematerial,theseintriguingfindingssuggestwearemostlyignoranceofwhatwejustreadhasupdatedandalteredourownposition.Questions.16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.Question16.Whatdoesanewpaperinthequarterlyjournalofexperimentalpsychologysuggest?Question17,whathappenedwhenthestudentsreadatextthatarguedagainsttheirowninitialposition?Question18,whatdidtheresearchersconcedeconcerningtheirfindingsaccordingtoastheamericanpopulationgrows?Sodoesthenumberofamericanmomsrecordingtoastheamericanpopulationgrows?Sodoesthenumberofamericanmoms,butmorethanacenturyaftermother'sdaybecameanofficialholiday.Evenasthatnumberincreases,theshareoftheamericanpopulationwhoaremothersisatthelowestpointin1/4century.It'sfrequentlynotedthatfertilityratesarefallingsharplyinrichercountries,butthelessobservedconsequenceofthistrendisthatadeclineinbirthscanalsomeanadeclineinmotherhoodingeneral.Accordingtomyanalysisofdatafromthecensusbureau,thedeclineofamericanmotherhoodisrealoccurringveryquicklyandmaycontinueforsometimeyet.Notonlyaremomsmakinguplessofthepopulation,buttheircharacteristicsarechangingtoo.Andinawaythatmightbelinkedtotheirproportionaldecline,momstodaytendtobeolderthaninthepast.Justlookingatrecentyears,thechangeinagespecificbirthrateshasbeendrastic.Injustthepastfewyears,thepeakchildbearingagerangeforamericanwomenhasadvancedfromthatof25to29thatTo34.Meanwhilechildbearingamongwomenunder20hasfallenbyhalformore.Whilechildbearingamongwomen35andolderisrising.Onepositiveconsequenceofthisageshiftisthatalargerproportionofnewmothersareeconomicallypreparedtoraisechildrenlesspositively.However,manywomenfindthatastheyage,theycan'thaveasmanykidsastheywouldlike.Plushavingchildrenlaterinlifecanincreasetheriskofhealthcomplications.Thesefinerpointsaside,onemajorconsequenceoftheoldermomstrendisthatfeweryearsofawoman'slifearespentasamother.Thismeansthatatanygiventime,alargershareofwomenandthusofthewholepopulationwillreportnothavingchildreningovernmentsurveys.Inotherwords,latermotherhoodmeanslessmotherhood,evenasmotherhoodratesdecline,mother'sdaywillendure.Infact,despitethedemographicshift,retailspendingontheholidayappearstoberising.Itishardtosayifmother'sdayspendingisrisingmorethanonewouldexpect,giventhattheamericanpopulationkeepsgrowing.Butonefactormightbethattheproportionofwomenwhoarethemothersofadultchildrenisrising.Thoseadultchildrenmayspendmoregenerouslywhenitcomestocelebratingthemoms.Theynolongerlivewith.Questions,19to21arebasedontherecording.Youhavejustheard.Question19.Whatdoesthespeakerconcludefromheranalysisofthecensusbureausdata?Question20.Whatdoesthespeakersayisapositiveconsequenceoftheageshiftinchildbearing?Question21.Whatmightbeoneexplanationfortheriseinretailspendingonmother'sday?Recordingthree.Sincenasapublishedapaperin1989,claimingthathouseplantscansoakuppollutionandtoxicchemicals,businessesandhomeownershaveincreasinglyinvestedingreenerytohelpcleantheirair.Butanewanalysissuggestsitcouldactuallytakemorethan1,000plantspersquaremetertogainabenefitanygreaterthansimplyopeningacoupleofwindows.

TheproblemliesinthefactthatNASAconductedtheirtestsinsealedcontainersthatdonotsimulatetheconditionsinmostpeople'shomesoroffices.Thespaceagencywasprimarilyconcernedaboutkeepingtheairfreshforastronautscutoffinbiosphereorspacestationsandhelpingtocombatsickbuildingsyndrome,whichhadbecomeaproblemduetothesuperinsulatedandenergyefficientofficersofthelate1970s.Bytheearly1980s,workersregularlycomplainedofskinrashes,sleepiness,headachesandallergiesastheybreathedintoxicchemicalsfrompaintsandplastics.Nasafoundthatcertainplantscouldremovechemicalsfromtheair.Andeventoday,gardencentersrecommendtheplantsforaircleaningproperties.However,anewevaluationofdozensofstudiesspanning30yearsfoundthathouseplantsinanormalenvironmenthavelittleimpact.Infact,naturalventilationisfarbetteratcleaningtheair.Theresearchersalsocalculatedthecleanairdeliveryratesforplantsinthestudiestheyanalyzedandfoundthattherateatwhichplantsdispersedthecompoundswaswellbelowtheusualratesofairexchangeinanormalbuildingcausedbythemovementsofpeoplecomingandgoingopeningdoorsandwindows.Manyofthestudiesdidshowareductionintheconcentrationofvolatileorganiccompoundsovertime,whichislikelywhypeoplehaveseizedonthemtopraisetheairpurifyingvirtuesofplants.Buttheresearcherscalculationshoweditwouldtake10to1,000plantspersquaremeteroffloorspacetocompetewiththeaircleaningcapacityofabuildings,airhandlingsystem,orevenjustacoupleofopenwindowsinahouse.Incontrast,NASAsealedexperimentrecommendedonepotplantsper100squarefeet.Thisiscertainlyanexampleofhowscientificfindingscanbemisleadingormisinterpretedovertime.Butit'salsoagreatexampleofhowscientificresearchshouldcontinuallyreexamineandquestionfindingstogetclosertothegroundtruthofunderstandingwhat'sactuallyhappening.Questions22to25arebasedontherecording.Youhavejustheardquestion22.Whatdoesnasa's1989paper?Claimhouseplantscando.Question23.Whatissaidtobetheproblemwithnasa'sstudyreportedinits1989paper?Question24.Whatisthefindingofanewevaluationofdozensofstudiesspanning30years?Question25.WhatdoesNASAsealedexperimentrecommendationexemplifyinscientistspursuitoftruth?六級聽力第二套原文Afteryouhearaquestion，youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoices，markabcanddthenmarkthecorrespondingletteronanswersheetonewithasinglelinethroughthesensor。Conversationone。Thankyouformeetingwithme，stevenatsuchshortnotice。notaproblem，margaret。Nowpleasegivemesomegoodnews。Haveyouagreedtomylastproposal？IhaveindeedandIwishtosigntheagreementpendingonesmallchangetobemadetothecontract。Margaret，wehavebeenthroughthisforalmostayearnowbackandforthmakingalterations。Areyousureyouwanttomakeasponsorshipdealforyourclientsornot？Iaskthisbecausefrankly，somepeopleatmyendarerunningoutofpatience。Iunderstandyourconcerns。butasi'msureyouunderstand，weholdourclientsbestintereststobeoftheutmostconcern。Wethereforecombthroughthefinedetailsofallcontracts。Restassuredweallappreciateyourfirm'spatience。Fine。Sowhatchangesdoyouwishtomake？Essentially，wewouldlikethenewdealtoexcludethemiddleeast。That'sallthemiddleeast。Whymyclienthasacoupleofotherperspectivemarketingdealsfromcompaniesinthemiddleeast。Thoseoffersshouldtheymaterializewouldexclusivelyemploymyclientsimageinthemiddleeastonly。Therefore，inordertoavoidanyconflict，wewouldneedtoensurethatbothmarketingcampaignsdonotoverlapgeographically。Whatbusinesssectorinthemiddleeastarewetalkingabouthere？Realestate.thatshouldbeokaythensolongastheproductisverydifferentfromourfoodandbeveragemarket，thereshouldbenoconflictofinterest。Nevertheless，Iwillhavetorunthisthroughmypeople。Idon'tforeseeanyproblemthough，themiddleeastisanegligiblemarketforus，butIstillneedtocheckthiswithacoupleofdepartments。Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard。Question1，whatdoesthewomansayshewilldo？Question2，whatdoesthemansayaboutsomepeopleherepresents？Question3，whatreasondoesthewomangiveforthenewdealtoexcludethemiddleeast？Question4，whatdoesthemansayaboutthemiddleeast？Next，wehaveaspecialsciencerelatednewsstory。Paulahancockisatthedenverobservatory。Paula，whatisthebigstoryoverthere？Hi.john.Alltheastronomersonsitehereareveryexcited。Infact，spaceenthusiastsallacrossnorthamericaandtherestofthenorthernhemispherewillbecongregatedonmountaintopstonighttowatchthenightsky。What'sthebigevent？Isthereaneclipsehappeningsoon？Tonighttheearthwillcomeintocloseproximitywiththeoppenheimercomet。Itistheclosestourplanethasbeentosuchaphenomenoninover100years。Forthisreason。Itisexpectedthatthousandsofpeoplewillgazeupattheskytonightinordertoseethisformidableobject。Howfarawayisthiscommon？Willpeoplebeabletoseeitwiththenakedeye？Theoppenheimercometwillstillbemillionsofmilesawayontheedgeofourgalaxy。Butnevertheless，thisisarelativelyclosedistance，closeenoughforpeopletoobserveingooddetailthroughatelescope。Peoplewillonlyseeablurwithoutone。Howeverthatdoesnotmeanoneneedsprofessionalequipment。Eventhemostordinaryoftelescopesshouldbeconduciveforpeopletoobserveandwonderatthisflyingobject。Manyofourviewerswillbewonderinghowtheytoocantakepartinthisonceinalifetimeevent。Wherewillthiscommentbeinthesky？Howcanpeoplefindit？Thecometwillbealmostexactlyduenorthat60°abovetheequator。However，findingthecometisindeedverytrickyandscientistsherehavetoldmethereareplentyofphoneappsthatwillfacilitatethis。Howfantastic？Thankyou，paulafortheinformation。Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard。Questionfive，whatdoesthewomansayaboutalltheastronomersatthedenverobservatory？Question6，whatdowelearnfromtheconversationabouttheoppenheimercomment？Question7，whatdoesthewomansay？Peoplewillonlyseeintheskywithoutatelescope？Question8，whatdoscientistsatthedenverobservatoryadviseamateursdotofacilitatetheirobservation。singlelinethroughthecenter。Passageone，dietaryguidelinesformthebasisfornutritionadviceandregulationsaroundtheworld。Whilethereisstrongscientificconsensusaroundmostexistingguidelines。Onequestionhasrecentlystirreddebate。Shouldconsumersbewarnedtoavoidultraprocessedfoods？Twopaperspublishedtodayintheamericanjournalofclinicalnutritionoutlinethecaseforandagainstusingtheconceptofultraprocessedfoodstohelpinformdietaryguidelinesbeyondconventionalfoodclassificationsystems。Theauthors，carlosmonteirooftheuniversityofsaopauloandarnaostrichofnovonordiskfoundation。We'lldiscusstheissueinalivevirtualdebate。August14th，duringnutrition，2024liveonline。Thedebatecentersaroundasystemdevelopedbymonteiroandcolleaguesthatclassifiesfoodsbytheirdegreeofindustrialprocessing，rangingfromunprocessedtoultraprocessed。Thesystemdefinesultraprocessedfoodsasthosemadeusingsequencesofprocessesthatextractsubstancesfromfoodsandalterthemwithchemicals。Inordertoformulatethefinalproduct，ultraprocessedfoodsarecharacteristicallydesignedtobecheap，tastyandconvenient。Examplesincludesoftdrinksandcandy，packagesnacksandpastries，readytoheatproductsandreconstitutedmeatproducts。Studieshavelinkedconsumptionofultraprocessedfoodswhichareoftenhighinsalt，sugarandfatweightgainandanincreasedriskofchronicdiseases，evenafteradjustingfortheamountofsalt，sugarandfatinthediet，whilethemechanismsbehindtheseassociationsarenotfullyunderstood，monteroarguesthattheexistingevidenceissufficienttojustifydiscouragingconsumptionofultraprocessedfoodsindietaryrecommendationsandgovernmentpolicies。Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard。Question9，whatquestionissaidtohaverecentlystirreddebate？Question10，howdoesthesystemdevelopedbymonteroandcolleaguesclassifyfoods？Question11，whatisconsumptionofultraprocessedfoodslinkedwithaccordingtostudiespassagetwo，believeitornot？Humancreativitybenefitsfromconstraints。Accordingtopsychologists，whenyouhavelesstoworkwith，youactuallybegintoseetheworlddifferently。Itconstraints。Youdedicateyourmentalenergyactingmoreresourcefullywhenchallengedyoufigureoutnewwaystobebetterthemostsuccessfulcreativepeopleknowthatconstraintsgivetheirmindstheimpetustoleaphigher。Peoplewhoinventnewproductsarenotlimitedbywhattheydon'thaveorcan'tdo。Theyleveragetheirlimitationstopushthemselvesevenfurther。Manyproductsandservicesarecreatedbecausethefounderssawalimitationinwhattheyuse。Theycreatedinnovationbasedonwhatwasnotworkingforthematthemoment。Innovationisacreativeperson'sresponsetolimitationina2015studywhichexaminedhowthinkingaboutscarcityorabundanceinfluenceshowcreativelypeopleusetheirresources。Ravimatterattheuniversityofillinoisandmengzhuatjohnshopkinsuniversityfoundthatpeoplesimplyhavenoincentivetousewhat'savailabletotheminnovelways。Whenpeoplefacescarcity，theygivethemselvesthefreedomtouseresourcesinlessconventionalwaysbecausetheyhavetoobstaclescanbroadenyourperceptionandopenupyourthinkingprocesses，consistentconstraints，helpyouimproveatconnectingunrelatedideasandconcepts。Marissameyer，formervicepresidentforsearchproductsanduserexperienceatgoogle。Oncewroteinapublicationonbloombergconstraints，shapeandfocusproblemsandprovideclearchallengestoovercome。Creativitythrivesbestandconstraint。Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard。Question12，whatdopsychologistssay？Peopledowhentheyareshortofresources，question13，whatdoesthepassagesayaboutinnovation？Question14.Whatdida2015studybyravimehtaandmengzhufind?question15.Whatdidmarissameyeroncewriteconcerningcreativitywithasinglelinethroughthecenter？Recordingonedifferentpeopleusedifferentstrategiesformanagingconflicts。Thesestrategiesarelearnedinchildhood。Usuallywearenotawareofhowweactinconflictsituations。Wejustdowhateverseemstocomenaturally，butwedohaveapersonalstrategyandbecauseitislearned，wecanalwayschangeitbylearningnewandmoreeffectivewaysofmanagingconflicts。Whenyougetinvolvedinaconflict，therearetwomajorconcernsyouhavetotakeintoaccount，achievingyourpersonalgoalsandkeepingagoodrelationshipwiththeotherperson，howimportantyourpersonalgoalsare，howimportanttherelationshipistoyouaffecthowyouactinaconflict。Giventhesetwoconcerns，fivestylesofmanagingconflictscanbeidentifiedwhentheturtleturtleswithdrawintotheirshellstoavoidconflicts。Theygiveuptheirpersonalgoalsandrelationships。Theybelieveitiseasiertowithdrawfromaconflictthantofaceit。Two，thesharksharkstrytooverpoweropponentsbyforcingthemtoaccepttheirsolutiontotheconflicttheyseektoachievetheirgoalsatallcosts。Sharksassumethatconflictsaresettledbyonepersonwinningandonepersonlosing。Winninggivessharksasenseofprideandachievementlosinggivesthemasenseofweakness，inadequacyandfailure。Three，theteddybear。Teddybearswanttobeacceptedandlikedbyotherpeople。Theythinkthatconflictshouldbeavoidedinfavorofharmonyandbelievethatconflictscannotbediscussedwithoutdamagingrelationships。Theygiveuptheirgoalstopreservetherelationshipforthefoxfoxesaremoderatelyconcernedwiththeirowngoalsandabouttheirrelationships，withotherpeople。Theygiveuppartoftheirgoalsandpersuadetheotherpersoninaconflicttogiveuppartofhisgoals。Theyseekasolutiontoconflictswherebothsidesgainsomething5，theowlowlsviewconflictsasproblemstobesolved。Theyseeconflictsasimprovingrelationshipsbyreducingtensionbetweentwopeople。Theytrytobeginadiscussionthatidentifiestheconflictasaproblembyseekingsolutionsthatsatisfyboththemselvesandtheotherperson。Owlsmaintaintherelationship。Owlsarenotsatisfieduntilasolutionisfoundthatachievestheirowngoalsandtheotherperson'sgoals。Andtheyarenotsatisfieduntilthetensionsandnegativefeelingshavebeenfullyresolved。Que