［模擬］考研英語(yǔ)閱讀模擬228

多項(xiàng)選擇

Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,but

theirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearanceweredetermined

bytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers-using

nonscientificmodesofthought.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjects

thatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbal

descriptions；theyaredealtwithinthemindbyavisual,nonverbal

process.InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennonverbal

thinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthe

details,androcketsexistnotbecauseofgeometryorthermodynamics,but

becausetheywerefirstapictureinthemindsofthosewhobuiltthem.

Thecreativeshapingprocessofatechnologist，smindcanbe

seeninnearlyeveryartifactthatexists.Forexample,indesigninga

dieselengine,atechnologistmightimpressindividualwaysofnonverbal

thinkingonthemachinebycontinuallyusinganintuitivesenseof

rightnessandfitness.Whatwouldbetheshapeofthecombustionchamber?

Whereshouldbethevalvesplayed?Shouldithavealongorshortpiston?

Suchquestionshavearangeofanswersthataresuppliedbyexperience,by

physicalrequirements,bylimitationsofavailablespace,andnotleastby

asenseofform.Somedecisions,suchaswallthicknessandpin

diameter,maydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientific

componentofdesignremainsprimary.

Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementin

engineeringcurricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanismin

engineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestockintradeofthe

artist,notthescientist.Becauseperceptiveprocessesarenotassumedto

entail“hardthinking”，nonverbalthoughtissometimesseenasaprimitive

stageinthedevelopmentofcognitiveprocessesandinferiortoverbal

ormathematicalthought.Butitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffofthe

HistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeof

machinesandisometricviewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistorical

recordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththe

requisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudents

attendingarchitecturalschools.

Ifcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalyticalengineering

curriculumprovidethebackgroundrequiredforpracticalproblem

solving,arenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencountersillybutcostly

errorsoccurringinadvancedengineeringsystems.Forexample,early

modelsofhigh-speedrailroadcarsloadedwithsophisticatedcontrols

wereunabletooperateinasnowstormbecauseafansuckedsnowsintothe

i

electricalsystem.Absurdrandomfailuresthatplagueautomaticcontrol

systemsarenotmerelytrivialaberrations；theyareareflectionofthe

chaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaproblemin

mathematics.

artisan(n.)手藝人，工匠

unambiguous(adj.)不含糊的，清楚的

verbal(adj.)詞語(yǔ)的，言語(yǔ)的

byandlarge總的來(lái)說(shuō)，大體上

geometry(n.)幾何學(xué)

thermodynamics(n.)熱力學(xué)

artifact(n.)人工制品

intuitive(adj.)直覺(jué)的，直觀的

entail(v.)必須，使承擔(dān)

paradoxical(adj.)自相矛盾的

isometric(adj.)等距畫(huà)法，等比例的

absurd(adj.)荒誕的，可笑的

aberration(n.)過(guò)失

第1題：

Inthepane,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith

A.identifyingthekindsofthinkingthatareusedbytechnologists

B.stressingtheimportanceofnonverbalthinkinginengineering

design

C.proposinganewrolefornonscientificthinkinginthedevelopment

oftechnology

D.criticizingengineeringschoolsforemphasizingsciencein

engineeringcurricula

參考答案：B

答案解析：

本文主要論述非言語(yǔ)思考在工程設(shè)計(jì)中的重要性。第一段：在西方科技發(fā)展中，

非言語(yǔ)思考在確定整體構(gòu)思和細(xì)節(jié)填充方面起著重要作用。第二段：舉例說(shuō)明

技術(shù)人員創(chuàng)造性的構(gòu)型設(shè)計(jì)在幾乎所有產(chǎn)品中都有體現(xiàn)。第三段：設(shè)計(jì)課應(yīng)成

為工程學(xué)課程的基礎(chǔ)課，第四、五段：缺少設(shè)計(jì)課，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致犯下愚蠢的錯(cuò)

誤，造成巨大損失。[B]主旨題。第一段中，作者指出非言語(yǔ)

思考在工程設(shè)計(jì)中的重要性，第二、三、四段具體闡述了非言語(yǔ)思考在創(chuàng)造性外

形設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中的關(guān)鍵作用。

第2題：

Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorthinksengineeringcurriculaare

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A.strengthenedwhentheyincludecoursesindesign

B.strongbecausenonverbalthinkingisstillemphasizedbymostof

thecourse

C.strongdespitetheerrorsthatgraduatesofsuchcurriculahavemade

inthedevelopmentofautomaticcontrolsystems

D.strongdespitetheabsenceofnonscientificmodesofthinking

參考答案：A

答案解析：

［A］推斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句和最后一句可得出答案。作者指出設(shè)計(jì)課應(yīng)成為

工程學(xué)課程的基礎(chǔ)課，但具有諷刺意味的是在繪制一些機(jī)器和工業(yè)進(jìn)程的等比例

圖紙時(shí)，有能力做這項(xiàng)工作的是學(xué)建筑的學(xué)生而不是學(xué)工程的。由此可推出，如

包含設(shè)計(jì)課，那么工程學(xué)課程就會(huì)得到加強(qiáng)。故選［A］。

第3題：

Themainpointofthefirsttwoparagraphscanbestbeillustratedas

A.whenamachinelikearotaryenginemalfunctions,itisthe

technologistwhoisbestequippedtorepairit

B.atelephoneisacomplexinstrumentdesignedbytechnologistsusing

onlynonverbalthought

C.thedesignerofanewrefrigeratorshouldconsiderthedesignsof

otherrefrigeratorsbeforedecidingonitsfinalform

D.thedistinctivefeaturesofasuspensionbridgereflectits

designer，sconceptualizationaswellasthephysicalrequirementsofits

site

參考答案：D

答案解析：

［D］推斷題。第一、二段主要論述非言語(yǔ)思考在工程設(shè)計(jì)中的重要性，尤其是在

創(chuàng)造性的構(gòu)型設(shè)計(jì)中。因此選［D］。

第4題：

Theexampleoftheearlymodelsofhigh-speedrailroadcarsisusedto

A.weakenthepointthatmathisanecessarypartofthestudyofdesign

B.supporttheideathaterrorsinmodernengineeringsystemsare

likelytoincrease

C.illustratethetopicthatcoursesindesignarethemosteffective

costreducingmeans

D.exemplifythethesisthatinadequateattentiontononscientific

designmayresultinpoordesign

參考答案：D

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答案解析：

：D］細(xì)節(jié)題。第四段中指出如果不安排設(shè)計(jì)課，將會(huì)在先進(jìn)的工程系統(tǒng)中犯下愚

蠢的錯(cuò)誤,造成巨大損失，接著就舉了高速鐵路機(jī)車(chē)的例子來(lái)具體說(shuō)明。故選［D］。

第5題：

Theauthorseemstobeinagreementofwhichofthefollowing?

A.Mathematicalthinkingisessentialtoanydesigncourse.

B.Nonverbalthinkinghasitsadvantageoverotherperceptive

processes.

C.Engineeringdesigndemandsscientificthought.

D.Artistsplayaprimitiveroleinengineeringwork.

參考答案：B

答案解析：

［B］推斷題。綜觀全文，作者主要論述非言語(yǔ)思考在工程設(shè)計(jì)中的重要性，及其

不可被其他思維方式替代的特點(diǎn)。由此選［B］。

SomerecenthistorianshavearguedthatlifeintheBritishcolonies

inAmericafromapproximately1763to1789wasmarkedbyinternal

conflictsamongcolonists.Inheritorsofsomeoftheviewpointsofearly

twentieth-centuryProgressivehistorianssuchasBeardandBecker,these

recenthistorianshaveputforwardargumentsthatdeserveevaluation.

Thekindofconflictmostemphasizedbythesehistoriansis

classconflict.YetwiththeRevolutionarywardominatingtheseyears,how

doesonedistinguishclassconflictwithinthatlargerconflict?

Certainlynotbythesideapersonsupported.Althoughmanyofthese

historianshaveacceptedtheearlierassumptionthatLoyalists

representedanupperclass,newevidenceindicatesthatLoyalists,like

rebels,weredrawnfromallsocioeconomicclasses.(Itisnonetheless

probablytruethatalargerpercentageofthewell-to-dojoinedthe

Loyaliststhantherebels).Lookingattherebelside,wefindlittle

evidenceforthecontentionthatlower-classrebelswereinconflictwith

upper-classrebels.Indeed,thewareffortagainstBritaintendedto

suppressclassconflicts.Whereitdidnot,thedisputingrebelsofoneor

anotherclassusuallybecameLoyalists.Loyaliststhusoperatedasa

safetyvalvetoremovesocioeconomicdiscontentthatexistedamongthe

rebels.Disputesoccurred,ofcourse,amongthosewhoremainedontherebel

side,buttheextraordinarysocialmobilityofeighteenth-century

Americansociety(withtheobviousexceptionofslaves)usuallyprevented

suchdisputesfromhardeningalongclasslines.Socialstructurewasin

factsofluid一thoughrecentstatisticssuggestanarrowingofeconomic

opportunityasthelatterhalfofthecenturyprogressed一thattotalk

aboutsocialclassesatallrequirestheuseoflooseeconomiccategories

suchasrich,poor,andmiddleclass,oreighteenth-centurydesignations

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like“thebettersort”.Despitethesevaguecategories,oneshouldnotclaim

unequivocallythathostilitybetweenrecognizableclassescannotbe

legitimatelyobserved.OutsideofNewYork,however,therewereveryfew

instancesofopenlyexpressedclassantagonism.

Havingsaidthis,however,onemustandthatthereismuch

evidencetosupportthefurtherclaimofrecenthistoriansthatsectional

conflictswerecommonbetween1763and1789.The“Paxtonboys”incident

andtheRegulatorMovementarerepresentativeexamplesofthe

widespread,andjustified,discontentofwesternsettlersagainstcolonial

orstategovernmentsdominatedbyeasterninterests.Althoughundertones

ofclassconflictexistedbeneathsuchhostility,theoppositionwas

primarilygeographical.Sectionalconflict—whichalsoexistedbetween

NorthandSouth一deservesfurtherinvestigation.

Insummary,historiansmustbecarefulaboutthekindofconflict

theyemphasizeineighteenth-centuryAmerica.Yetthosewhostressthe

achievementofageneralconsensusamongthecolonistscannotfully

understandthatconsensuswithoutunderstandingtheconflictsthathad

tobeovercomeorrepressedinordertoreachit.

inheritor(n.)繼承人，后繼者Loyalist(n.)反對(duì)獨(dú)立者

rebel(n.)造反者，叛亂者

contention(n.)爭(zhēng)奪，爭(zhēng)論valve(n.)閥

discontent(n.)不滿

vaguecategories含糊的范疇unequivocally(ad.)不含糊地

legitimately(ad.)合法地，合理地

antagonism(n.)對(duì)抗性u(píng)ndertone(n.)低音，小聲

consensus(n.)一致同意

第6題：

Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A.ToshowusthemajorconflictinAmericawastheclassconflict.

B.Toshowushowtodistinguishtheclassconflicts.

C.TotellusweshouldbecarefulabouttheconflictsinAmerica.

D.Totellusweshouldbecarefulwhenweidentifytheconflictsin

America.

參考答案：D

答案解析：

本文主要介紹了對(duì)18世紀(jì)美國(guó)沖突的新的研究結(jié)果。第一段：近來(lái)的一些歷史

學(xué)家提出了有關(guān)英國(guó)殖民者在美洲殖民地的內(nèi)部沖突的新觀點(diǎn)。第二段：歷史

學(xué)家們主要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是階級(jí)沖突。第三段：歷史學(xué)家們認(rèn)為1763-1789年間地區(qū)

沖突頻繁。第四段：歷史學(xué)家們應(yīng)該仔細(xì)認(rèn)定18世紀(jì)美國(guó)的沖突形式。

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[D]主旨題。本文的寫(xiě)作目的是我們要正確理解早期的美國(guó)沖突。

第7題：

WhatistrueabouttheLoyalistsandtherebels?

A.Loyalistscamefromupperclass.

B.Rebelscamefromlowerclass.

C.MorerichpeoplejoinedtheLoyaliststhantherebels.

D.MorerichpeoplejoinedtherebelsthantheLoyalists.

參考答案：C

答案解析：

[C]細(xì)節(jié)題。見(jiàn)第二段第三句“不過(guò)很可能的是，比起反叛者來(lái)說(shuō)，更多的有錢(qián)

人加入了反對(duì)獨(dú)立者派別?！?/p>

第8題：

Theword“contention”(Line7,Pare.2)probablymeans?

A.fact

B.argumentation

C.purpose

D.competition

參考答案：B

答案解析：

[B]推斷題。見(jiàn)第二段第四句“從反叛者一方看來(lái)，我們很難發(fā)現(xiàn)有關(guān)下層反叛

者與上層反叛者有沖突的爭(zhēng)論?！?/p>

第9題：

Sectionalconflictswere.

A.theconflictsbetweenEastandWest

B.theconflictsbetweenNorthandSouth

C.generallygeographical

D.theconflictsbetweenLoyalistsandrebels

參考答案：c

答案解析：

[C]推斷題。見(jiàn)第三段最后兩句?！氨M管在這種敵對(duì)態(tài)度下存有一定的階級(jí)沖突,

不過(guò)敵視大多是分區(qū)域性的。地域性的沖突在南方和北方之間也存在，很值得研

究?！?/p>

第10題：

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.RevolutionaryWarsuppressedtheclassconflicts.

B.Beckerisoneoftheearlytwentiethcenturyhistorians.

C.Socialmobilitymadetheclassclassificationunclear.

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D.Beardisaninheritoroftheopinionsoftheearlytwentiethcentury

historians.

參考答案：D

答案解析?

[D]細(xì)節(jié)題。見(jiàn)第一段第二句。

Afewcommonmisconceptions.Beautyisonlyskin-deep.One，sphysical

assetsandliabilitiesdon，tcountallthatmuchinamanagerialcareer.

Awomanshouldalwaystrytolookherbest.

Overthelast30years,socialscientistshaveconductedmore

than1,000studiesofhowwereacttobeautifulandnot-so-beautiful

people.Thevirtuallyunanimousconclusion：Looksdomatter,morethan

mostofusrealize.Thedatasuggest,forexample,thatphysically

attractiveindividualsaremorelikelytobetreatedwellbytheir

parents,soughtoutasfriends,andpursuedromantically.Withthepossible

exceptionofwomenseekingmanagerialjobs,theyarealsomorelikelyto

behired,paidwell,andpromoted.

Un-American,yousay,unfairandextremelyunbelievable?Once

again,thescientistshavecaughtusmouthingpietieswhileactingjust

thecontrary.Theirtypicalexperimentworkssomethinglikethis.They

giveeachmemberofagroup一collegestudents,perhaps,orteachersor

corporatepersonnelmangers一apieceofpaperrelatinganindividual's

accomplishments.Attachedtothepaperisaphotograph.Whilethepapers

allsayexactlythesamethingthepicturesaredifferent.Someshowa

strikinglyattractiveperson,someanaverage-lookingcharacter,andsome

anunusuallyunattractivehumanbeing.Groupmembersareaskedtorate

theindividualoncertainattributes,anythingfrompersonalwarmthto

thelikelihoodthatheorshewillbepromoted.

Almostinvariably,thebetterlookingthepersoninthepicture,

thehigherthepersonisrated；inthephrase,borrowedfromSappho,

thatthesocialscientistsusetosumupthecommonperception,whatis

beautifulisgood.

Inbusiness,however,goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen,and

deeperthanformen.AUtahStateUniversityprofessor,whoisanauthority

onthesubject,explains:Intermsoftheircareers,theimpactofphysical

attractivenessonmalesinonlymodest.Butitspotentialimpacton

femalescanbetremendous,makingiteasier,forexample,forthemore

attractivetogetjobswheretheyareinthepubliceye.Onanothernote,

though,thereisenoughliteraturenowforustoconcludethatattractive

womenwhoaspiretomanagerialpositionsdonotgetonaswellaswomen

whomaybelessattractive.

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第11題：

Whatdoesthephrase"lookherbest”(Para.l)mean?

A.Makeherselfthemostbeautiful.

B.Putonherbestclothing.

C.Makethebestclothingforherself.

D.Takegoodcareofherbestclothing.

參考答案：A

答案解析：

短語(yǔ)“l(fā)ookherbest"（第一段）的意思是什么？［A］使她自己最漂亮。

［B］穿上她最好的衣服。［C］為她自己做最好的衣服。［D］保管好她最好

的衣服。［答案］A這是一道詞義題。題干中的信號(hào)詞出自于文章第一段最后

一句話中。文章第一段指出：一名女性應(yīng)該努力始終使自己看起來(lái)最漂亮；社會(huì)

科學(xué)家進(jìn)行了一千多次研究，所得的結(jié)果完全一致一-外表的確重要，超出了我

們大多數(shù)人的想象。這說(shuō)明：該短語(yǔ)的意思應(yīng)該是“使自己看起來(lái)最漂亮”。A

項(xiàng)中說(shuō)“makeherselfthemostbeautiful”，這與文章的意思相符。B項(xiàng)、C

項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)三項(xiàng)之意都與文章的意思不符。

第12題:

Theresultofresearchcarriedoutbysocialscientistsshowthat

A.peopledonotrealizetheimportanceoflookingone，sbest.

B.womeninpursuitofmanagerialjobsarenotlikelytobepaidwell.

C.good-lookingwomenaspiretomanagerialpositions.

D.attractivepeoplegenerallyhaveanadvantageoverthosewhoare

not.

參考答案：D

答案解析：

社會(huì)科學(xué)家所做的研究結(jié)果顯示：［A］人們沒(méi)有意識(shí)到使自己看起來(lái)最漂

亮的重要性。［B］追求管理職位的女性不可能得到高報(bào)酬。［C］

漂亮的女性追求管理職位。［D］吸引人者通常比那些不吸引人者有優(yōu)勢(shì)。

［答案］D這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。題干中的信號(hào)詞為"socialscientists",出自于

文章第二段第一句話中。文章第二段指出：過(guò)去三十年，社會(huì)科學(xué)家進(jìn)行了一千

多次研究，所得的結(jié)果完全一致-一外表的確重要；數(shù)據(jù)顯示，身體條件吸引人

的人更可能受到其父母的善待，更可能被他人當(dāng)作朋友，更可能受到他人的浪漫

追求；可能除了那些尋求管理職務(wù)的女性外，外表漂亮的女性也更可能被聘用、

得高薪，更可能得到提升。這說(shuō)明:研究結(jié)果顯示，外表吸引人的人往往有優(yōu)勢(shì)。

D項(xiàng)中說(shuō)aattractivepeoplegenerallyhaveanadvantageoverthosewho

arenot”，這與文章的意思相符。A項(xiàng)之意明顯與文章的意思不符；文中是說(shuō)

“可能除了那些尋求管理職務(wù)的女性外，外表漂亮的女性也更可能被聘用、得高

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薪，更可能得到提升”,并沒(méi)有說(shuō)追求管理職位的女性不可能得到高報(bào)酬，所以

B項(xiàng)之意不對(duì)；文中沒(méi)有提到C項(xiàng)之意。

第13題：

Experimentsbyscientistshaveshownthatwhenpeopleevaluate

individualsoncertainattributes

A.theyobservetheprinciplethatbeautyisonlyskin-deep.

B.theydonotusuallyactaccordingtotheviewstheysupport.

C.theygiveordinary-lookingpersonsthelowestratings.

D.theytendtobasetheirjudgmentontheindividual's

accomplishments.

參考答案：B

答案解析：

科學(xué)家所做的實(shí)驗(yàn)表明：當(dāng)人們根據(jù)某些特性評(píng)估一個(gè)人時(shí)，［A］他們奉

行“美麗只是表面的"原則。［B］他們通常不按照他們所持的觀點(diǎn)行事。

［C］他們給相貌平平者的評(píng)價(jià)最低。［D］他們往往根據(jù)一個(gè)人的成就來(lái)

判斷一個(gè)人。［答案］B這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。題干中的信號(hào)詞為“evaluate

individualsoncertainattributesw,出自于文章第三段最后一句話中。文

章第三、四段指出:科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們說(shuō)的是一套而做的是另一套；他們給一組

人中的每名成員一份有關(guān)某個(gè)人成就的報(bào)告及一張照片；報(bào)告所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容完全相

同，但是照片卻不同；小組成員被要求根據(jù)某些特征評(píng)估照片上的人；結(jié)果幾乎

總是一樣，照片上的人越漂亮，他得到的評(píng)估就越好。這說(shuō)明：人們根據(jù)某些特

性評(píng)估一個(gè)人時(shí)，他們往往說(shuō)的是一套做的又是一套。B項(xiàng)中說(shuō)"theydonot

usuallyactaccordingtotheviewstheysupportv,這與文章的意思相符。

A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)兩項(xiàng)之意明顯與文章的意思不符；文中只是說(shuō)“被評(píng)估的人越漂亮，

得到的評(píng)估就越好”，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)相貌平平者的評(píng)價(jià)最低，所以C項(xiàng)之意不對(duì)。

第14題：

“Goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen(Pam.5)meansthat

A.attractivewomenhavetremendouspotentialimpactonpublicjobs.

B.good-lookingwomenalwaysgetthebestofeverything.

C.beingattractiveisnotalwaysanadvantageforwomen.

D.attractivewomendonotdoaswellasunattractivewomenin

managerialpositions.

參考答案：C

答案解析：

"Goodlookscutbothwaysforwomenv(第五段)的意思是［A］吸

引人的女性對(duì)公共職位有巨大的潛在影響。［B］漂亮的女性總是得到最

好的東西。［C］對(duì)于女性來(lái)說(shuō)，吸引人并不總是優(yōu)勢(shì)。［D］在管

理職位上，吸引人的女性沒(méi)有不吸引人的女性表現(xiàn)好。［答案］C這是一道

詞義題。題干中的信號(hào)詞為出自于文章最后一段第一句話中。文章最后一段指出：

在商界，漂亮的外表對(duì)男女雙方都有害，而且對(duì)女性更有害；一位權(quán)威人士解釋

9

說(shuō)，就其職業(yè)而言，相貌出眾對(duì)男性的影響適中，但對(duì)女性的潛在影響則可能巨

大；另一種解釋說(shuō)，我們現(xiàn)在有足夠的文獻(xiàn)資料可以得出結(jié)論--那些追求管理

職位的漂亮女性沒(méi)有那些不怎么漂亮的女性成功。這說(shuō)明：該句話的意思應(yīng)該是

“漂亮對(duì)女性不一定總有優(yōu)勢(shì)”。C項(xiàng)中說(shuō)“beingattractiveisnotalways

anadvantageforwomen”，這與文章的意思相符。文中沒(méi)有提到A項(xiàng)之意；B

項(xiàng)之意與文章的意思相反；文中是說(shuō)“那些追求管理職位的漂亮女性沒(méi)有那些不

怎么漂亮的女性成功”，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)在管理職位上的漂亮女性沒(méi)有不漂亮的女性表

現(xiàn)好，所以D項(xiàng)之意不對(duì)。

第15題：

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinthebusinessworld

A.handsomemenarenotaffectedasmuchbytheirlooksasattractive

womenare.

B.physicallyattractivewomenwhoareinthepubliceyeusuallydo

quitewell.

C.physicallyattractivemenandwomenwhoareinthepubliceyeusually

getalongquitewell.

D.goodlooksareimportantforwomenastheyareformen.

參考答案：A

答案解析：

根據(jù)本文，可以推知：在商界，［A］英俊的男性所受的影響不如吸引人的

女性所受的影響大。［B］公眾認(rèn)為，身體條件吸引人的女性總是表現(xiàn)得非

常好。［C］公眾認(rèn)為，身體條件吸引人的男性和女性通常相處得非常好。

［D］漂亮的外表對(duì)于女性和男性來(lái)說(shuō)同等重要。［答案］A這是一道推論題。

題干中的信號(hào)詞為“inthebusinessworld”，出自于文章最后一段第一句話

中。文章最后一段指出：在商界，漂亮的外表對(duì)男女雙方都有害，而且對(duì)女性更

有害；一位權(quán)威人士解釋說(shuō)，就其職業(yè)而言，相貌出眾對(duì)男性的影響適中，但對(duì)

女性的潛在影響則可能巨大。這說(shuō)明：在商界，英俊的男性所受的影響比漂亮的

女性所受的影響小。A項(xiàng)中說(shuō)handsomemenarenotaffectedasmuchbytheir

looksasattractivewomenare”，這一推論結(jié)果與文章的意思相符。B項(xiàng)之

意與文章最后一段最后一句話的意思不符；文中沒(méi)有提到C項(xiàng)之意；D項(xiàng)之意與

文章的意思相反。

Thereare^alarming^delaysinAthens，preparationsforthe2004Games,

accordingtoanIOCinspectorwhosaysconstantpressureisneededfor

Greecetobereadyontime.

DenisOswaldsaidFridayattheendofathree-dayInternational

OlympicCommitteevisitthatconstructionofvenues,accommodations,

roadsandtransportprojectsallareseriouslybehindschedule.Itwas

hisfirstvisitasheadoftheIOCcommitteecoordinatingAthens，

preparations.

HesaidPremierCostasSimitis，governmentonlybeganpressing

aheadwithlong-stalledprojectsafterbeingpubliclypressured.Echoing

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awarninglastyearbyformerIOCpresidentJuanAntonioSamaranch,Oswald

saidareportdraftedbyoneofhisexpertsinAugustshowedthesituation

inAthenswasdire.

“Whatpromptedthemtomakeanumberofdecisionsthelastweek,

orthelasttwoweeks,vOswaldtoldTheAssociatedPress,“wasduetoa

kindofpreliminaryreportofthesituationatthattime,whichwasrather

alarming.”

Governmentofficialsthenrealizedtheproblems,“andthey

wantedtopresentabetterpicturenow,andit'swhyanumberofdecisions

havebeenmade,“Oswaldsaid.

Athenshasbeenplaguedbydelayssinceitwasawardedthe

Olympicsin1997,anditsfailuretobuildanythingforcedSamaranchto

warnGreecethegameswereindanger.Tomakeupforlosttime,Simitis

broughtbackAthensbid-leaderGiannaAngelopoulos-Daskalakiand

personallytookcontrolofpreparations.

Thegovernment,however,tookastop-and-goapproach,working

hardwhenanIOCteamwasabouttoinspectanddoinglittlewhenitwas

away."Itstillworktoputthatpressure,butobviouslywecannotcome

everyweek....Theeffectwoulddisappearifwewouldcometoooften,”

Oswaldsaid.HesaidthelatestreviewofAthensrenewedconcernsabout

whether“dozensofconstructionprojectscanbedeliveredbythefinal

deadlines.”

Thecancellationofsomekeyinfrastructureprojects一

includingaroadconnectingthemainOlympicsportscomplextothe

athletes'village—hasfurtherdeterioratedthesituation."TheIOCis

focusedonthefundamentalneedsoftheathletes,sowecannotstress

enoughtheimportanceofprovingthemwithproperfacilitiesandaccess

tothem,“Oswaldsaid.

注釋

inspector監(jiān)察員，視察員IOC國(guó)際奧委會(huì)

venue集會(huì)場(chǎng)accommodation設(shè)備

coordinate協(xié)調(diào)preliminary初步的

plague使苦惱cancellation取消

deteriorate使惡化

第16題：

GovernmentofficialsofAthensmadeanumberofdecisions.

A.afterDenisOswaldblamedthem

B.inordertomakethesituationseeminglybetter

C.fortheinterestsoftheathletes

D.becausetheyrealizedtheproblemsthemselves

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參考答案：B

答案解析：

B這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。從“whatpromptedthemtomakeanumberofdecisions

thelastweek,orthelasttwoweeksv...wasdueto“akindofpreliminary

reportofthesituationatthattime”可見(jiàn)是這個(gè)報(bào)告使他們做出決定的，

而非Oswald的指責(zé)或是他們自己意識(shí)到問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性，A與D不對(duì)，正確答案

為B,在文中“theywantedtopresentabetterpicturenow...”可表明。

第17題：

Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat.

A.OswaldisthefirsthighofficialtoblameAthens，delaysin

preparationsforthe2004Games

B.thisvisitis0swarld，sfirstvisittoAthensinhislifetime

C.therehasbeenaprogramabouttheconstructionforOlympics

D.Athenshasbeenbotheredbydelayssincethereportwasmade

參考答案：C

答案解析：

C文中“EchoingawarninglastyearbyformerIOCpresidentJuanAntonio

Samaranch,Oswaldsaid.”可見(jiàn)薩馬蘭奇也對(duì)雅典提出過(guò)警告，因此A不對(duì)。

第二段中有“ItwashisfirstvisitasheadofIOCcommitteecoordinating

Athens5preparations.”但并不能說(shuō)明他是第一次來(lái)雅典，所以B也不對(duì)，文

中有“AthenshasbeenplaguedbydelayssinceitwasawardedtheOlympics

in1997.”所以D錯(cuò)誤。C為正確答案，參見(jiàn)第二段中第一句“constructionof

venues,accommodations,roads,andtransportprojectsallareseriously

behindschedule.可見(jiàn)原本是有計(jì)劃的。

第18題：

Inthefirstsentenceofthelastparagraph,whatisthemostpossible

meaningof“deteriorate”?

A.Imporove

B.Show

C.Demonstrate

D.Makeworse

參考答案：D

答案解析：

D前文講的都是雅典的準(zhǔn)備不力，這里又提到一些基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)的計(jì)劃也被砍掉了，

因此只能使情況變得更糟，應(yīng)為D.makeworseo

第19題：

AfterSamaranchmadehiswarninglastyear,.

A.IOCinspectorshavebeencomingfrequentlytoGreece

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B.greatchangeshavetakenplaceinGreece

C.theGreekgovernmenthasnotbeengivenprioritytopreparations

fortheOlympics

D.greecehasbeendeprivedoftherightofholdingtheOlympics

參考答案：C

答案解析：

C選項(xiàng)A,奧委會(huì)監(jiān)察員經(jīng)常來(lái)希臘，從文中看不出來(lái)。文中uThegovernment,

however,tookastop-and-goapproach…”表明在薩馬蘭奇警告之后，希臘

仍