Non-finiteverbGRAMMARAREVIEW動(dòng)詞不定式一般由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，其否定形式是“nottodo”。動(dòng)詞不定式可以帶賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。動(dòng)詞不定式不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)(非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞），可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等。如：Tofinishthetaskinaweekisveryhard.Thebigboymanagedtopasstheexam.Myworkistocleanthegardeneveryday.ShewasthefirstwomantoswimacrosstheEnglishChannel.Tellhimtocomeherethedayaftertomorrow.主賓表定賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式todotobedone進(jìn)行式tobedoing

完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone01usedassubject（主語(yǔ)）1.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，表示具體的、一次性的或者表示將來(lái)含義的動(dòng)作，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。如：

Tomasteranewskill

isnotaneasything.

Tosee

istobelieve.

Tohelpothers_____(be)ourduty.Totalkwithher_____(be)agreatpleasure.

isis

單個(gè)不定式(不定式短語(yǔ))做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Toplaybasketball______(be)great.如果and連接兩個(gè)或更多并列的不定式(不定式短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù);但作為一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Toimprovepeople’slifeandtospeedupsocialistconstruction______(be)ourtwoimportanttasks.Whenandwheretodo________________________(notdecide)yet.Whattodoandwheretodo___________________________(notdecide)yet.isarehasn’tbeendecidedhaven’tbeendecided01usedassubject

2.動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了保持句子平衡，往往用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)置于句末。如：

ItisimportanttoenlargeEnglishvocabulary.Itwouldbeawasteoftime_____________(lookup)everynewwordwhenyoureadanEnglishnovel.

其常見(jiàn)句型有以下4種：tolookup①

It＋is＋名詞/adj＋todosthIt'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.

Itisimportant__________(build)trustbetweenboth.②

Ittakes/took /willtakesb＋sometime/money＋todosthItwilltakeusthreehours_________(walk)there.③

It＋be＋形容詞＋for/ofsb＋todosthIt’sverykindofyoutotelluswhathappenedyesterday.(adj修飾人)Itisimportantforchildren_______(tell)rightfromwrong.(adj修飾事/物）④Itseems(appears)＋形容詞＋todosthItseemedimpossible________(finish)theworkontime.01usedassubjecttobuildtowalktotelltofinish

用it做形式主語(yǔ)改寫(xiě)下面句子(1)TospeakEnglishwellisn'taneasyjob.

(2)Toimproveourteachingmethodisveryimportant.

(3)Totalkwithherisagreatpleasure.

(4)Tolookupeverynewwordwouldbeawasteoftime.

Itisn’taneasyjobtospeakEnglish.

Itisveryimportanttoimproveourteachingmethod.

Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithher.

Itwouldbeawasteoftimetolookupeverynewword.01usedassubject

3.“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”構(gòu)成的不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。常見(jiàn)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞有：what,who,which,when,where,why,how等。如：

Wheretoholdthemeeting

_________(has)beendecided.

Howtorelievethepain_____(be)aquestion.hasn’tis02usedaspredicative（表語(yǔ)）

1.動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)，通常說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容。

其主語(yǔ)通常是aim,ambition,dream,duty,goal,idea,intension,plan,purpose,task,way,wish等表示意向、打算、計(jì)劃的詞。如：Hisambitionis__________(become)anactor.Herdutyis___________(lookafter)thechildren.

不定式作表語(yǔ)通?？梢院椭髡Z(yǔ)位置互換。Mydreamistobeadoctor.＝tobecometolookafterTobeadoctorismydream.02usedaspredicative

2.某些系動(dòng)詞，如be（是）、seem（看起來(lái)）、appear（看起來(lái)）、prove（證明）、turnout（結(jié)果）等，后面可以接不定式作表語(yǔ)。其中，除了be動(dòng)詞之外，seem、appear、prove、turnout后面的表語(yǔ)若是以“tobe+...”的形式出現(xiàn)，通?？梢允÷詔obe。He

seems(tobe)busy.

＝He

appears(tobe)busy.Theplan

_________(prove)right.

＝Theplan

turnsout(tobe)right.proves

Attention:

有些系動(dòng)詞，如sound（聽(tīng)起來(lái)）、smell（聞起來(lái)）、taste（嘗起來(lái)）、feel（感覺(jué)）、become（成為）等，通常不可以接不定式作表語(yǔ)。練習(xí)：判斷下列句子正誤Itsmellstobedelicious.Thebookseemsavailable.Thecaketastestobeyummy.

F

T

Ftobetobe`02usedaspredicative3.“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”通常與be動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作be動(dòng)詞的表語(yǔ)。如：Thequestionishow____________(carry)outtheplan.4.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞

do

時(shí)(以及do的其他形式時(shí)),作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式通常要省略to

(即“前有do,后無(wú)to”)。如：Whatyoushoulddois(to)openthedoor.AllIwanttodonowis_______(have)arest.注意:某些動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，在結(jié)構(gòu)上是主動(dòng)的，但在意義上卻是被動(dòng)的。She

is

___________(blame).她應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備。Thehouseis__________(rent).此房出租。tocarryhavetoblametorentusedasobjects(賓語(yǔ))Thiscompanyrefused_____________(cooperate)withus.1.不定式可跟在一些動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)，如:afford,aim,promise,refuse,decide,manage,hope,expect等。

2.當(dāng)不定式（短語(yǔ)）在某個(gè)句子中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有find,think,make,consider,feel,suppose等。

Hemakesitarulenevertoborrowmoney.Wefinditveryimportant__________(learn)Englishwell.03tocooperatetolearnusedasobjectcomplements(賓補(bǔ))復(fù)合句作賓補(bǔ)1.表示“指示,愿望,感覺(jué)”等的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))后常用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，如ask，request，invite，force，get，beg，wish，want，intend，expect，encourage，advise，persuade，instruct，allow等詞。

Whatcausedhertogiveupherstudies?Weinvitedhim_______(have)dinnerwithus.04tohave1.It’sbadforyoureyes________(play)computergamestoomuch.2.Hisambitionis_____________(become)asuccessfulscientistwhenhegraduates.3.___________(enjoy)theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.4.Whatwecandois____________(ensure)thatallstudentshaveaccesstoahealthydiet.5.It’sreallykindofhim________(let)ususehisswimmingpool.toplaytobecomeToenjoy(to)ensuretoletItis

a

great

honor

formeto_________(invite)heretoday.Her

birthdaypartyis___________(hold)

nextFriday.Herbirthdaypartyissaid_______________(hold)nowinthehall.Herbirthdaypartyissaid_________________(hold)yesterday.beinvitedtobeheldtobebeingheldtohavebeenheldAsarealfoodie,Ienjoyallkindsoffoods.Mydreamistotrydifferentrestaurantsandtastevariousfoods.YesterdayIinvitedsomefriendstotryagreatnewrestaurantfordinner.Nothingcanstopourdeterminationtohaveatry.Wedecidedtowaitoutside.Afteranhourofwaiting,wewereinvitedtogointotherestaurantandtaketheorder.Thedishesareextremelydelicious.Itisworthwhiletohavesuchalongwait.PracticeFindoutto-infinitivesandguesstheirfunctions.表賓真主賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)Belowisablogentryabouteatingoutandeatingathome.Findthesentencesthatuseto-infinitivesassubjectsorpredicatives

andcompletethemindmap.AExploringtherulesNotthatlongago,myfirstthoughtatmealtimeswastoeatatarestaurant.Iwaseagertotrynewrestaurants.Toeatoutwasalsoasocialactivity,allowingmetoenhancetherelationshipwithmyfriends.Ioftenateoutuntillastmonth,whenIcameacrossacookingapp.toeatToeatoutobjectcomplement（賓補(bǔ)）Thereareavarietyofrecipesintheapptochoosefrom.Theyareuploadedbyusers,andofferdetailedinstructionssothatotherscanfollowthemstepbystep.Mostoftherecipesincludephotosorvideos,whichareveryusefulforbeginners.WhenIpickedapopularrecipeandgaveitatry,Idiscoveredthatitwasnotthatdifficulttomakeasimpleandtastydish.tomakeattributive（定語(yǔ)）Inthelastfewweeks,I'vethrownmyselfintohomecooking,fromboilingnoodlesinthepottofryingsteakinthepan.Ihardlyeatoutanymore.Notonlyiscookingathomecheaper,butIcancookexactlywhatIwant.It'shealthiertoo.Nowonderpeoplesaynothingbeatshomecooking!NowIamgoodatcookingacoupleofdishes.Myplanistoinvitemyfriendsoverattheweekendtoshowthemmynew-foundskills.Ihopethattheywilllikemycooking！toinviteadverbialofpurpose（目的狀語(yǔ)）Whentheto-infinitiveisusedasasubject,weusuallyusethepreparatorysubject(1)_______atthebeginningofthesentence.Theto-infinitivecanalsobeusedasapredicative.Itusuallycomesaftertheverb(2)___________.itbeWorkingouttherules不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)不定式作主語(yǔ)

(To-infinitivesassubjects)(To-infinitivesasadverbials)(To-infinitivesasattributives)

不定式作賓補(bǔ)(To-infinitivesasobjectcomplements)不定式作表語(yǔ)

(To-infinitivesaspredicatives)Thegeneraluseofto-infinitive不定式作賓語(yǔ)(To-infinitivesasobjects)BriefOverviewRewritethefollowingsentencesusingto-infinitivesaccordingtotherequirementsinthebrackets.BApplyingtherulesB1

1.ThenextdishthatthecookwillprepareisKungPaoChicken.

(attributive)

ThenextdishtobepreparedbythecookisKungPaoChicken.2.Thepreparationofhome-cookedmealsiseasyandenjoyable.(subject)

Topreparehome-cookedmealsiseasyandenjoyable./

Itiseasyandenjoyabletopreparehome-cookedmeals.3.Herdreamisthatshewillopenarestaurantsomeday.(predicative)

Herdreamistoopenarestaurantsomeday.4.Wewillputthepotatoesinthepotfirstinorderthattheywillbecookedquickly.(adverbialofpurpose)

Wewillputthepotatoesinthepotfirst(inorder)tocookthemquickly.5.IconsidertheSoupoftheDayasthebestoptiononthemenu.(objectcomplement)IconsidertheSoupoftheDaytobethebestoptiononthemenu.Whataretheto-infinitives

usedasineachsentenceofthisarticle?Aslongasyouarenotafraidofheights,youwillbeimpress