Unit1WishyouwerehereGrammarUsage&IntegratedSkillsVocabulary1.surroundingbesurroundedby/with被……環(huán)繞/包圍surroundvt.環(huán)繞，圍繞；包圍surroundingadj.周圍的，附近的surroundingsn.環(huán)境練習(xí)：Stevearrivedandsatinthefrontrow,_______________(被他的家人團(tuán)團(tuán)圍住).surroundedbyhisfamily2.harmonyinharmonywith...與……融洽/和睦live/workinharmony和睦/融洽地生活/工作harmoniousadj.(關(guān)系）友好和睦的，和諧的練習(xí)：Deeplytouched,Nancyfeltextremelyfortunateinlivinginsucha_________(harmony)family.harmonious3.mannerina(n)…manner以……方式tablemanners餐桌禮儀havegood/badmanners有禮貌/沒禮貌Itisgood/badmannerstodosth.做某事是禮貌/不禮貌的。練習(xí)：ItisgoodmannersforanArab___________(stand)closetohisfriendwhentheyaretalking.tostandLead-inDoyouenhancethegrammarofrestrictiveclause?Comparethetwosentences.1)InthetenprovincesandthreeterritorieswhichmakeupCanada,thereisagreatdiversityingeography.2)TotheeastofthePacificcoastrisethegrandRockyMountains,whicharehometohighpeaksanddeepvalleyscarvedbyiceandwater.What’sthedifferencestowardsthesetwosentences?arestrictiverelativeclauseanon-restrictiverelativeclauseExploringtherulesExploringtherulesReadthearticleonpage6andanswerthefollowingquestion.Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftourism?AdvantagesTourismallows________________________________,thusgiving________________________,andbringing_______________________________________.DisadvantagesTouristdestinationsmaybeatrisk___________and__________,withwildlifehabitats__________andthelocalculturereceiving__________________.serviceindustriestogrowconsistentlyjobstothelocalpopulationphysicallyculturallysufferinginsufficientrespectCompletethetable.Findthesentenceswithnon-restrictiverelativeclausesinthearticleandfillintheboxofpartAonpage6.1.Theseindustries,inturn,givejobstothelocalpopulation,whose

welfaredependsontourism.譯文：這些產(chǎn)業(yè)反過來又為當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裉峁┝司蜆I(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，而他們的福利依賴于旅游業(yè)。whose:后面的詞與先行詞是從屬關(guān)系旅游必需品的價(jià)格，如交通、住宿和食物通常也會(huì)上漲，這給周圍社區(qū)帶來更多的財(cái)富。3.Morenature-centredtouristattractions,where

manandnatureliveinharmony,canbegreatlyimpactedorevendestroyedbythefloodoftourists.更多以自然為中心的旅游景點(diǎn)，人與自然和諧相處，可能會(huì)受到游客涌入的極大影響甚至破壞。4.Asresourcesareusedmorerapidlythantheycanbesustained,wildlifehabitatsarelikelytosuffer,whichcouldendangerthelocalplantsandanimals.由于資源的使用速度超過了其可持續(xù)性，野生動(dòng)物棲息地可能會(huì)受到影響，這可能危及當(dāng)?shù)氐膭?dòng)植物。當(dāng)?shù)氐墓?jié)日和習(xí)俗，在一個(gè)特定的文化中可能具有深刻的意義，可以簡單地成為游客的娛樂。WorkingouttherulesRule1:

Weoftenuseanon-restrictiverelativeclausetoadd_______informationto

theantecedent(anoun,pronounornounphrase)inthemainclauseorthemainclause.A_________isusuallyusedtoseparatetheaddingclauseandthemainclause.extra非限制性定語從句與主句用逗號(hào)隔開，補(bǔ)充說明先行詞或主句1)InthetenprovincesandthreeterritorieswhichmakeupCanada,thereisagreatdiversityingeography.2)TotheeastofthePacificcoastrisethegrandRockyMountains,whicharehometohighpeaksanddeepvalleyscarvedbyiceandwater.無逗號(hào)，限定性定從有逗號(hào)，非限定性定從Rule2:

Weusuallyintroduceanon-restrictiverelativeclausewitharelativepronounlikewho,whom,whichandwhoseorarelativeadverblikewhenandwhere.Therelativepronounandadverb________(can/cannot)beleftoutinanon-restrictiverelativeclause.cannot非限制性定語從句中不用that不用why,關(guān)系詞不可省略1)Thesetrees,whichIplantedthreeyearsago,werecutbygovernment.2)ThetreesIplantedthreeyearsagowerecutbygovernment.有逗號(hào)，非限定性定從，關(guān)系詞不可省略無逗號(hào)，限定性定從，省略關(guān)系詞thatRule3:Wecanuse_________(which/who/where)inanon-restrictiverelativeclausetorefertothemainclauseasawhole.which非限制性定語從句中，可用which指代整個(gè)或部分主句指代前面一整件事情

Theprices…too指代前面一整件事情

Asresources…sufferRule4:Inanon-restrictiverelativeclause,wecanput“none/some/many/most/allof”beforerelativepronoun“______”or“_______”toindicateapartofthewhole.whomwhich非限中，whom/which前可加none/some/many/most/allof等修飾詞表示部分(1)Manyyoungpeople,manyof_______werewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.(2)Ihavebeentomanycities,allof_______haveleftadeepimpressiononme.whomwhichRule5:

Wecanuse______inanon-restrictiverelativeclausetorefertothemainclauseasawholeandthenon-restrictiverelativeclausecanbeplacedbefore,amongorafterthemainclause.asas可修飾整個(gè)先行主句,可置于句子任意位置,常譯為“正如，這”

Asisknowntoall,theMoontravelsaroundtheEarth.2)Thesalesfigure,ashasbeenmentionedabove,hasbeeninadeclinesincelastyear.Grammar限制性與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句作用修飾限定（只可修飾先行詞）補(bǔ)充說明（可修飾先行詞或主句）形式無逗號(hào)與主句隔開有逗號(hào)與主句隔開意義去掉后，句意不完整去掉后，句意仍完整關(guān)系詞作賓語時(shí)可省略作賓語時(shí)不可省略可用that不能用that可用why用forwhich代替why譯法先譯定語從句，后譯先行詞，常譯為“...的”可譯為并列句一、非限制性定語從句構(gòu)成：Thesetrees

,which(Iplantedthreeyearsago),werecutbygovernment.關(guān)系詞先行詞+,++其他部分指人指物在定語從句中的作用WhoWhomWhichthatwhose二、關(guān)系代詞的指代關(guān)系√√√√√√√主語

賓語賓語主語

賓語主語

賓語定語指地點(diǎn)指原因指時(shí)間在定語從句中的作用三、關(guān)系副詞的指代關(guān)系where

(=at/in/···which)when(=at/on/in/during/···which)why(=forwhich)√地點(diǎn)狀語√時(shí)間狀語√原因狀語四、非限制定語從句的用法：在非限制性定語從句中,whom、which

前面可以加some/several/afew/many/more/mostof等修飾詞，表示整體中的部分或所有。Manypeople,someof__________arenotoverweight,aregoingonadiet.Ihavebeentomanybigcities,allof________haveleftadeepimpressiononme.Ihaveinvitedmorethanonehundredfriendstotheparty,_______________(他們中的大部分)arefromabroad.whomwhichmostofwhom介詞+關(guān)系代詞也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，但在這種定語從句中，介詞通常前置，關(guān)系代詞也不可省略。(指物：which;指人：whom)關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定(1).依據(jù)定語從句中動(dòng)詞的某種習(xí)慣搭配來確定。Iboughtagreatmanybooks,

IspentallmymoneythatIsaved.(2).依據(jù)先行詞的某種習(xí)慣搭配來進(jìn)行。Inourclassthereare46students,____________halfwearglasses.(3).根據(jù)所表達(dá)的意思來確定。Thecolorlessgas

wecannotliveiscalledoxygen.onwhichofwhomwithoutwhich當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或被物主代詞、指示代詞修飾時(shí)，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性定語從句。①TheGreatWall,whichiscalledinChinese"TheTen-Thousand-liGreatWall",isveryfamousintheworld.長城，漢語稱為“萬里長城”，在世界上非常出名。②Thisismyvideophone,whichwasboughtyesterday.這是我的可視電話，是昨天買的。當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或被物主代詞、指示代詞修飾時(shí)，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性定語從句。①TheGreatWall,whichiscalledinChinese"TheTen-Thousand-liGreatWall",isveryfamousintheworld.長城，漢語稱為“萬里長城”，在世界上非常出名。②Thisismyvideophone,whichwasboughtyesterday.這是我的可視電話，是昨天買的。先行詞是獨(dú)一無二的事物時(shí)，一般用非限制性定語從句說明。Thesun,whichrisesintheeast,givesuslightandheat.太陽從東方升起，給我們帶來光和熱。非限制性定語從句表原因時(shí)，不用why引導(dǎo)，而用forwhich代替why。Wecouldnotgivethereason,forwhichsomanypeoplewerewillingtotakeoutaloan.我們無法解釋，為什么這么多人愿意貸款。ApplyingtherulesRewritethefollowingsentencesusingnon-restrictiverelativeclauses.

MyparentswentonatourofJapanwith20people,someofwhomhadneverbeenabroadbefore.

MyfavouriteplacetovisitisalittlevillagenearShanghai,wheremygrandmawasborn.DrLuo,whoisanexpertinChinesehistory,willgiveusatourofBeijing.I’drathervisitEuropeinsummer,whentheweatherisatitsbest.I’mreadingaguidebooktoRome,whichisreallyfascinatingandhelpful.B1B2Completethearticlewiththecorrectnon-restrictiverelativeclausesintheboxbelow.Sustainabletourism,(1)________________________________,isnotjustaboutseeingthesights－itisalsoaboutconnectingwithpeopleandtheircultures,makingapositiveimpactontheplaceswevisitandenhancingopportunitiesforthefuture.So,howcanwebesustainabletourists?Itisimportanttotravelinanenvironmentallyfriendlymanner.Gettingtoatouristdestinationbyairplane,(2)________________________________________,hasahugeimpactontheglobalenvironment.Whileavoidingflyingisnotalwayspractical,wecanhelpimprovetheenvironmentbytravellingonlocalpublictransportorevenonfootwheneverpossible.awhichgreatlyincreasesourcarbonfootprintWhenatthehotel,wecanreduceourimpactbycuttingbackonwaterconsumptionandnothavingourbeddingandtowelswashedeveryday.Wealsoneedtoprotectthelocalculture.Whenvisitingtemplesorchurches,(3)________________________________________,weshoulddressappropriately.d

whereastrictdresscodemayberequiredbwhoarehumanbeingsandnotondisplayB3Inpairs,discussmorewaystobeasustainabletourist,usingnon-restrictiverelativeclauses.Whenyoutravel,neverbuywildlifeproducts,whicharemadefromanimalskinsorotheranimalparts.ExampleIntegratedSkillListeningNextmonth.TheywilllearnmoreaboutChinesemethodsofeducation.Threedays.Attheendoftheclass.Howmany?Whatactivities?Whichplacetovisit?Wheretoeat?How?HaveaPrediction15attendaconferencegivesomelecturesourcitymuseumalocalrestaurantonfootReadingMsZhaohassuggestedatravelplanaboutShanghaitoherclass.Readitandpayattentiontothetouristattractionsandactivities.ShanghaiTowerTheBundYuGardenXuhuiDistrictDay1Jing’anTempleNanjingRoadShanghaiGrandTheatreShanghaiMuseumDay2thefaint-heartedviewingplatformsgetabird’s-eyeviewofleafystreetsvisitelegantcafesmakeone’swayto...admirethestatueoftheBuddhadosomesouvenirshoppingappreciateamazingantiques,vasesandfurnitureInpairs,discusshowtoarrangeat