03四月20241建筑學(xué)院授課ppt模板：門和窗的設(shè)計(jì)與構(gòu)造DOORS02四月20241建筑學(xué)院授課ppt模板：門和窗的設(shè)計(jì)與

DOOR

Adoorisamoveablebarriersecuredinawallopening.

Functions:

1.Theyadmitventilationandlight.2.Controlsthephysicalatmospherewithinaspacebyenclosingit,excludingairdrafts,sothatinteriorsmaybemoreeffectivelyheatedorcooled.3.Theyactasabarriertonoise.4.Usedtoscreenareasofabuildingforaestheticpurposes,keepingformalandutilityareasseparate.建筑學(xué)院授課ppt模板：門和窗的設(shè)計(jì)與構(gòu)造DOORSLocationofdoorinabuildingThenumbershouldbekeptasminimum.Itshouldmeetthefunctionalrequirement.Itshouldpreferablybelocatedatthecorneroftheroom,nearly20cmfromcorner.Ifinaroom,morethan2doorsarethere,theyshallbelocatedfacingeachother.Locationofdoorinabuilding

Componentsofadoor:

a)Doorframeb)Doorshutter

DoorframeHEADJAMB/POSTHOLDFASTF.L.HORNREBATEComponentsofadoor

TOPRAILBOTTOMRAILINTERMEDIATERAILSSTYLEPANEL

FRIEZERAILDoorshutterTOPRAILBOT

SIZESOFDOORSThecommonwidth-heightrelationsused:Width=0.4–0.6HeightHeight=(width+1.2)mGeneralsizesused:a)ResidentialExternaldoor–1.0x2.0to1.1x2.0mInternaldoor-0.9x2.0to1.0x2.0mBath&WC–0.7X2.0to0.8x2.0mGaragesforcars–2.25x2.25mto2.40x2.25mb)Public

1.2x2.0mor1.2x2.1mor1.2x2.25mSIZESOFDOORSThecommonwidthDesignationofdoorsThesizeofanopeningisindicatedbynumberofmoduleswhereeachmoduleisof100mm.e.g.10DS20OR10DT20sizeofopening=1000x2000mmD–DooropeningS–SingleshutterT–DoubleshutterDesignationofdoorsThesizeoDOORFRAMESMaterialsusedfordoorframesTimberSteelAluminiumConcreteStoneDOORFRAMESMaterialsusedforTimberdoorframeGeneralspecifications:Timberissawninthedirectionofgrains.Allmembersofframesareofsamespeciesoftimberandbestraightwithoutanywarp.

Theframesaresmooth,wellplanedsurfacesexceptthesurfacetouchingwalllintelsilletc.

Thethicknessofrebateis15mmandthewidthisequaltothethicknessofshutter.Nominalsizeofdoorframeforsingleshutteris75X100mmandfordoubleshutter75X125mm.Thebackportionofdoorframewhichincontactwithwalls,lintelssilletc.ispaintedwithbitumenoranyanti-termitechemical.Toprotectdoorframeduringconstructionprimingcoatisdonebeforefixing.Aminimumof3holdfastsshallbefixedoneachside,oneatthecentreandtheothertwoat300mmfromtopandbottomoftheframe.Holdfastsandotherparts,whichgointothemasonrywallandthusnotaccessibleformaintenance,shallbeprotectedagainstmoistureanddecay,withacoatingofcoaltarorothersuitableprotectivematerial.

TimberdoorframeGeneralspeciTypesofDoors

OnthebasisofworkingoperationsHingeddoors Battenedtype Framedandpaneled Glazed/SashFlushed Louvered Wire-guageRevolvingdoorsSlidingdoorsSwingdoorsCollapsibledoorsRollingshutterTypesofDoors

OnthebasisofHingeddoors

Mostdoorsarehingedalongonesidetoallowthedoortopivotawayfromthedoorwayinonedirectionbutnotintheother.Theaxisofrotationisusuallyvertical.Themostcommondoortype.Itisasimple&rigid.Thepanelswings,opensandcloses,onhinges.Hingeddoorsrequireaminimumamountofmaintenanceandcleaning,theyarenotexpensive,andhaveanexcellentinsulatingability.However,theytakeuppreciousroomspacetoswingin.HingeddoorsBattenedandledgeddoorThedoorconsistsofverticalboardsi.e.battensandthreeorfourhorizontalledges.Theverticalboardsaretongueandgroovedtostopdraughtsandtheedgeschamferedtorelievetheplainappearance.Battens:100-150mmwideand20-30mmthickLedges:200mmwideand25–30mmthickThedoorishungtotheframebyT-hingesofiron.Thedooriscommonlyusedfornarrowopeningsforinternalusewhereitisnotsubjecttoharduse,orwhereeconomyisofmainconsiderationthantheappearance..Battenedandledgeddoor建筑學(xué)院授課ppt模板：門和窗的設(shè)計(jì)與構(gòu)造DOORSBattened,LedgedandBraceddoorBattens:100-150mmwide&20-30mmthickLedges:100-200mmthick&25-30mmthickBraces:100-150mmwide&25-30mmthickBattened,LedgedandBraceddoNormallyconstructedusingaZ-shapedframewithtongue-and-grooveinterlockingboardsattachedtheycanbequiteheavyinweightbutthiscandependonthethicknessofboardsused.Duetotheirconstructiontheyarenormallyverystrongandhardwearingandcanalsobeplanedandshapedtofitprettymuchanydoorway.

Suchdoorsareusedforwideropenings.Thebracesinclinedowntowardsthehingedside.NormallyconstructedusingaZBattened,Ledged,BracedandFramedDoorBattened,Ledged,BracedandFTheframeworkconsistsofverticalstyles,threeledgesandtwoinclinedbraces.Thebracesarenormallyhousedintotherailsatabout40mmfromthestyles.Thethicknessofthestylesandtoprailissamewhichisequaltothethicknessofbracesandbattens.Thistypeissuitableforexternaldooranddoorsubjectedtoroughhandling.Theframeworkconsistsofvert

FramedandPaneleddoorThesetypesofdoorsarewidelyusedinalltypesofbuildingssincetheyarestrongandgivebetterappearancethanbatteneddoors.Paneldoorsconsistofvertical

memberscalledstilesandhorizontalmembers

calledrails.Stilesandrailsformtheframeworkintowhichpanelsareinserted.Panelsmaybesolidwood,plywood,particleboardorlouveredor

haveglassinserts.Additionalverticalmemberscalledmullionsareusedtodividethedoorintoanynumberofpanels.FramedandPaneleddoor建筑學(xué)院授課ppt模板：門和窗的設(shè)計(jì)與構(gòu)造DOORS建筑學(xué)院授課ppt模板：門和窗的設(shè)計(jì)與構(gòu)造DOORS

PanelDoor-consistsofwoodpanelsheldinplacebywoodstilesandrails

panelsandcanbemadefromsolidwood,plywood,metalorglass.Theyconsistoftwoverticalstilesandhorizontalrailsenclosingthepanels.

Thepanelscouldbemadeofplywood,solidtimberorglass.Themoreexpensivetypeofglasspaneldoorisfittedtotheframefirstandthentheglasspanelsareaddedindividually,thismakesthedoorlightertohandlewhenhangingandcheapertoreplaceiftheglassgetsbroken.Dependingonthelocationandusageofthedoor,puttyandbeadingmaybeused,butifthedoorhasawoodfinish,beadingalonewillsuffice.Siliconesealantsarealsoavailableinavarietyoffinishes.Thelockrailissoplacedthatitscentreisataheightof800-900mmfromthebottomoftheshutter.Incaseoftimberpanels,theminimumsizeofthepanelshallbe150x15mm,whilemax.areshallbe0.5sq.m.Incaseofplywood,thereisnorestrictiononminimumandmax.size.However,thethicknessshallbeatleast12mmifsinglepaneledand10mmformorepanels.PanelDoor-consistsofJointbetweenrailsandstylesJointbetweenrailsandstylesGlazedorsashdoorThistypeisusedinresidentialandpublicbuildings.Theysupplementthenaturallightingprovidedbywindowsortomaketheinterioroftheroomvisiblefromadjoiningrooms.Theycanbemadefullyglazedorpartlyglazed.Fullyglazeddoorsarerecommendedwheresufficientlightisrequiredthroughthedooropeningslikeinshoppingmalls,entrancehallsetc.Incaseofpartlyglazed,thebottom1/3rdpartisusuallypaneledandupper2/3partisglazed.GlazedorsashdoorThistypeiFullyGlazedDoorPartlyGlazedDoorFullyGlazedDoorPARTGLYLAZEDANDPARTLYPANELEDDOORWITHGUN-STOCKRAILPARTGLYLAZEDANDPARTLYPANEL

FlushDoorFlushdoorsaresimplydoorswithacompletelyflatsurfaceonbothsides.Flushdoorscancomeinsolidformatwhichisadoormadeofsolidwoodorhollowformatwhichislightweightandcomprisedoftwolayersofthintimberseparated,usually,byalightweighthoneycombcore.Thecoreiscoveredwitheitherhardboardorplywoodonbothsides.Solidflushdoorsareusuallyusedasfire-checkdoors.Flushdoorsarelighterandcheaperthanothertypes.Theflushdoorshuttersaremanufacturedinstandardthicknessof25,30,35and40mm.FlushDoorTypes:SolidcoreflushdoorHollowcoreCellularcoreSolidcoredoorconsistoftheframeworkofverticalstilesandtoprailandbottomrail.Thecoreconsistsofwoodenstrips(widthnotmorethan25mm)gluedtogetherunderhighpressureORblockboardorparticleboard.Plywoodsheets/crossbands/faceveneersaregluedunderhighpressuretotheassemblyofcoreonbothfaces.Suchdoorsarequitestrongbutheavyandrequiremorematerial.Solid-coredoorsprovide

bettersoundinsulationandhaveless

tendencytowarp.Types:建筑學(xué)院授課ppt模板：門和窗的設(shè)計(jì)與構(gòu)造DOORSHollowcoreTheframeconsistsofstyles,toprail,bottomrailandtwointermediaterails,notlessthan75mminwidth.Thespacebetweenthestylesandrailsisfilledbyequallyspacedbattenseachofminimumwidth25mm,suchthatvoidsareequallydistributedandlimitedto0.5sq.m.Plywood/veneersandcrossbandscanbegluedfrombothsides.Thethicknessofplywoodshouldnotbelessthan6mm.CellularcoreTheframeismadeupofstylesandtopandbottomrail.Thespaceisfilledwithcloselyspacedbattensofminimum25mmwidthsuchthatthevoidareadoesnotexceed0.25sq.m.Thus,thetotalareaofvoidsshouldnotexceed40%oftheareaoftheshutter.HollowcoreTheframeconsists建筑學(xué)院授課ppt模板：門和窗的設(shè)計(jì)與構(gòu)造DOORSLouvereddoorsAlouvereddoorhasfixedormovablewoodenlouverswhichpermitopenventilationwhilepreservingprivacyandpreventingthepassageoflighttotheinterior.TheyaremostcommonlyusedforbathandW.C.Inresidentialandpublicbuildings,wheregoodventilationisdesired.Thedoormaybelouveredtoitsfullheightormaybepartlylouveredandpartlypaneled.Thelouversarearrangedininclinedfashionthusobstructsthevisionbutpermitsentryofair.Louversmaybefixedormovable.Louversmaybeoftimber,plywoodorglass.However,theyaredifficulttoclean.LouvereddoorsAlouvereddoorinsideoutsidePARTLYLOUVEREDANDPARTLYPANELEDDOORinsideoutsidePARTLYLOUVEREDARevolvingdoors

Suchtypesareprovidedinpublicbuildings,likebanks,museums,hotels,officesetc.Arevolvingdoornormallyhasfourwings/leavesthathangonacentershaftandrotateonewayaboutaverticalaxiswithinaroundenclosure.Thecentralshaftisfittedwithballbearingarrangementatthebottom,whichallowstheshutterstomovewithoutanyjerkandmakingnoise.

Theradiatingshuttersmaybefullypaneled,fullyglazedorpartlyglazed.Theglassdoorsallowpeopletoseeandanticipateeachotherwhilewalkingthrough.Verticalrubberpiecesareprovidedattherubbingendoftheshuttertopreventdroughtofair.Peoplecanwalkoutofandintothebuildingatthesametime.Thedoorclosesautomaticallywhennotinuse.Revolvingdoors

SuchtypesareRevolvingdoorsareenergyefficientbyeliminatingdrafts,thusreducingtheheatingorcoolingrequiredforthebuilding.Thedoormaybemotorized,orpushedmanuallyusingpushbars.RevolvingdoorsthereforecreateagoodsealfromtheoutsideandhelptoreduceA/Candheatingcostsforclimatecontrolfromthebuilding.Revolvingdoorstypicallyhavea"speedcontrol"topreventpeoplefromspinningthedoorstoofast.RevolvingdoorsareenergyeffSlidingdoorsInthesedoors,theshutterslidehorizontallyalongtrackswiththehelpofrunnersandrails.oftenforspaceorSlidingglassdoorsarecommoninplaceswherethereisnospacetoswingthedoor.Suchdoorsareverypopularforusefortheentrancestocommercialstructuresandalsoinresidentialbuildingsforaestheticconsiderations..Slidingdoorsconsistofeitherone,twoorthreedoorsthatslidebyeachotheronatrackdependinguponthesizeofopeningandspaceavailableforsliding.Theyareprettyeasilycleanedandmaintained.Thesedoorssoundinsulationisprettypoorusually,andtheymustbeofhighqualityandfittedexactlyintheirtracksorelsetheymayslideoutofthem.SlidingdoorsWhenfullyopenthesedoorswillallowhalfthespaceoftheopeningindoubleslidingdoors,oronethirdiftriple.Slidingdoorsmovealongmetal,wood,orvinyltracksfittedintotheirframesatthetopandbottom.Toeasetheirmovement,slidingdoorsoftenhaveplasticrollersattachedtothetopandbottomortothebottomonly.Thedoorishungbytwotrolleyhangersatthetopofthedoorrunninginaconcealedtrackwhileatthebottom,rollersareprovidedtoslidetheshutterinachanneltrack.Whenfullyopenthesedoorswi建筑學(xué)院授課ppt模板：門和窗的設(shè)計(jì)與構(gòu)造DOORSSwingdoors

Theshutterisfittedtoitsframebyspecialdoubleactionhinges.Thehingespermitstheshuttertomovebothways,inwardaswellasoutward.Thedoorsarenotrebatedatthemeetingstyles.Toopenthedoor,aslightpushismadeandthespringactionbringstheshutterinclosedposition.Thereturnoftheshutteriswithforceandthus,thedoorshallbeeitherfullyglazedOrprovidedwithapeepholeateyelevel,toavoidaccidents.Swingdoors

TheshutterisfitFoldeddoorsMadeofmanynarrowverticalstripsorcreasesthatfoldbacktobackintoacompactbundlewhendoorsarepushedopen,thesestripsorcreaseswillbehangedfromthetop,andrunonatrack.Theysavespaceastheydonotswingoutofthedooropening,thoughtheirsoundandweatherisolationispoor.Foldingdoorsareusuallyprettynoisy,andconsiderednotsodurableFoldeddoorsMadeofmanynarro建筑學(xué)院授課ppt模板：門和窗的設(shè)計(jì)與構(gòu)造DOORSCollapsibleDoorSuchdoorsareusedingarages,workshops,publicbuildingsetc.toprovideincreasedsafetyandprotectiontoproperty.Thedoorsdonotrequirehingestocloseoropentheshutternortheframetohangthem.Itactslikeasteelcurtain.Thedoorismadeupfromverticaldoublechannels(20x10x2mm),jointedtogetherwiththehollowsontheinsidetocreateaverticalgap.Thesechannelsarespacedat100-120mmapartandbracedwithdiagonalironflats.Thesediagonalsallowtheshuttertoopenorclosed.Theshutteroperatebetweentworails,onefixedtothefloorandothertothelintel.Rollersaremountedatthetopandbottom.CollapsibleDoorSuchdoorsare建筑學(xué)院授課ppt模板：門和窗的設(shè)計(jì)與構(gòu)造DOORSRollingshutterThesearecommonlyusedforshops,godowns,storesetc.Thedoorshutteractslikeacurtainandthusprovidesadequateprotectionandsafetyagainstfireandthefts.Theshutterismadeupofthinsteelslabscalledlathsorslatesabout1.25mmthickinterlockedtoeachotherandcoileduponspeciallydesignedpipeshaftcalleddrummountedatthetop.Theshuttermovesintwoverticalsteelguidechannelsinstalledattheirends.Thechannelismadeupofsteelsheetsanddeepenoughtoaccommodatetheshutterandtokeepitinposition.Ahorizontalshaftandspringinthedrumwhichallowtheshuttertocoiledinorout.Thesemaybemanuallyoperatedforsmalleropenings(upto10sq.m.).Above10sq.m.,theymaybeoperatedmanually.RollingshutterThesearecommo建筑學(xué)院授課ppt模板：門和窗的設(shè)計(jì)與構(gòu)造DOORS

WINDOWS

WINDOWS

WindowdetailsWindowdetailsTYPESOFWINDOWSFixedwindowsInthistype,theglasspaneispermanentlyfixedintheopeningofthewall.Theshuttercan’tbeopenedorclosed.Thefunctionislimitedtoallowinglightandorpermitvisionintheroom.Norebatesareprovidedtotheframe.Theshuttersarefullyglazed.Inhomestheyaregenerallydecorativewindowsneardoors,stairwellsandhigh-placesorareusedincombinationwithotherstyles.TYPESOFWINDOWSFixedwindows建筑學(xué)院授課ppt模板：門和窗的設(shè)計(jì)與構(gòu)造DOORSPivotedwindowsInthistypeofwindow,theshutteriscapableofrotatingaboutapivotfixedtowindowframe.Theframehasnorebate.Theshuttercanswinghorizontallyorvertically.PivotedwindowsHorizontalpivotedVerticalpivotedHorizontalpivotedVerticalpiDouble-hungwindows

Ithastwopanes,topandbottomthatslideupanddownintrackscalledstiles.Themostcommonusedwindowstoday.

Whenopen,thesewindowsallowairflowthroughhalfofitssize.Thetwopartsarenotnecessarilythesamesize.Traditionally,eachshutterisprovidedwithapairofcounterweightsconnectedbycordorchainoverpulleys.Whentheweightsarepulled,theshuttersopentorequiredlevel.Itispossibletohavecontrolledventilation.Sashwindowsmaybefittedwithsimplexhingeswhichallowthewindowtobelockedintohingesononeside,whiletheropeontheothersideisdetached,allowingthewindowtobeopenedforescapeorcleaning.Nowadays,mostnewdouble-hungsashwindowsusespringbalancestosupportthesashes.Double-hungwindows

IthastwSpecialframescalledboxedorcasedframeisused,whichconsistsoftwoverticalmembersspacedaparttocreateagroovetoslidetheshutter.Apartingbeadisprovidedinthegrooveoftheframetokeepthetwoshuttersapart.Onlythebottomsashslidesupwardinasingle-hungwindow.Insingle-hungwindowsthetopsashisfixedandcan’tbemoved.SpecialframescalledboxedorCOUNTERWEIGHTCOUNTERWEIGHTSlidingWindoworSlider:Hastwoormoresashesthatoverlapslightlybutslidehorizontallywithintheframe.Suitableopeningsorgroovesareleftintheframeorwalltoaccommodatetheshutterswhenareshuttersareopened.SlidingWindoworSlider:建筑學(xué)院授課ppt模板：門和窗的設(shè)計(jì)與構(gòu)造DOORSCasementwindowsarehingedatthesides.Whenfullyopened,offerthemaximumamountofventilation.Operateslikeahingeddoor,exceptthatitopensandcloseswithaleverinsidethewindow.Theshutterconsistsofstyles,toprail,bottomrailandintermediaterail.Dependinguponthedesign,theframecanhaveadditionalverticalandhorizontalmembersi.e.mullionandtransomrespectively.Thepanelsmaybeeitherglazed,unglazedorpartlyglazedandarefixedinthegroovesmadeinrailsandstyles.Casementwindowsarehingedat建筑學(xué)院授課ppt模板：門和窗的設(shè)計(jì)與構(gòu)造DOORSGlazedwindowThisisatypeofcasementwindowwherepanelsarefullyglazed.Theframehasstyles,toprailandabottomrail.Thespacebetweentopandbottomrailisdividedintonumberofpanelswithsmalltimbermemberscalled,sashbarsorglazingbars.Theglasspanelsarecut1.5-3.0mmsmallerinsizethanthepanelsizetopermitmovementofsashbars.Glasspanesarefixedtosashbarsbyputtyorbytimberbeads.Glazedwindow建筑學(xué)院授課ppt模板：門和窗的設(shè)計(jì)與構(gòu)造DOORSLouveredwindowTheyareprovidedforthesolefunctionofventilationandnotforthevisionoutside.Thestylesaregroovedtoreceiveaseriesoflouverswhichmaybeofglassorwoodslates.Thelouversreusuallyfixedat450inclinationslopingdownwardtotheoutsidetorun-offtherainwater.Thewindowsprovidelightandventilationevenifclosed.Suchwindowsarerecommendedforbath,WC,workshopsetc.,whereprivacyismoreimportant.Venetianshuttersuseslouverswhichcanbeopenedorclosed.Thelouversarepivotedatbothendsintheframeandinadditioneachbladeisconnectedtoaverticalbattenbyhinge.Louveredwindow建筑學(xué)院授課ppt模板：門和窗的設(shè)計(jì)與構(gòu)造DOORS建筑學(xué)院授課ppt模板：門和窗的設(shè)計(jì)與構(gòu)造DOORSMetalWindows:Theseareverypopularinpublicbuildingsandcanbemadeupofmildsteel,stainlesssteel,aluminium,bronzeetc.Milssteelbeingcheapestofall,theyarewidelyused.Thewindowscanbefabricatedfortherequiredsizeusinglightrolledsteelsections.Theycanbefixeddirectlytothewallopeninginawoodenframeorinthesteelframe.Whilefixing,carehastobetakenthatthemembersoftheframearenotsubjectedtoanystructuralloadstopreventdamage.Thus,thesizeofthewindowopeningiskeptslightlymorethantheframesizesoastoallowsomeclearancebetweenthetwo.Thewindowisfixedintotheopeningonlyaftermasonryandlintelworkisoverandfullyset.MetalWindows:建筑學(xué)院授課ppt模板：門和窗的設(shè)計(jì)與構(gòu)造DOORSAdvantages:Theyaremorestrongeranddurableascomparedtowoodenwindows.Theyarenotsubjectedtoexpansionandcontractionofjoints.Theyarerot-proof,termiteproof.Highlyfireresistant.Presentsbettereleganceandsmoothfinishing.Providemoreareaforlightandventilation.Thecostofmaintenanceisnegligibleandthusproveseconomical.Advantages:BaywindowThewindowprojectingoutwardfromtheexternalwalls.Wideanddecorativelyimpressiveallowfor180°view.Amulti-panelwindow,withatleastthreepanelssetatdifferentanglestocreateanextensionfromthewallline.itiscommonlyusedincoldcountrywheresnowoftenfalls.They