匯報(bào)人：XX計(jì)算機(jī)與網(wǎng)絡(luò)英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)資料2024-01-19目錄ComputerBasicEnglishBasicEnglishfortheInternetProgrammingandAlgorithmEnglishDatabaseandDataManagementEnglishNetworkSecurityandProtectionEnglishCloudComputingandBigDataEnglish01ComputerBasicEnglishChapter0102CPU(Centra…Thecentralprocessingunit,the"brain"ofacomputer.RAM(Random…RandomAccessMemory,theshort-termmemoryofacomputer.HDD(HardD…Aharddiskdrive/solid-statedrivethatisthelong-termmemoryofacomputer.GPU(Graphi…Agraphicsprocessorthatprocessesimageandvideodata.MotherboardThemotherboard,whichisthecenterforconnectingandmanagingvariouscomponentsofacomputer.030405HardwarerelatedvocabularySoftwarerelatedvocabularySystemsoftwareAprogramthatcontrolsthebasicfunctionsofacomputer,suchasanoperatingsystem.ApplicationsoftwareAprogramusedtocompletespecifictasks.SoftwareSoftwarethatcontrolstheprogramsanddatathatrunonacomputer.ProgramminglanguageAprogramminglanguageusedtowritecomputerprograms.AlgorithmThestepsormethodsusedtosolveaproblemorcompleteatask.CommonTerminologyforOperatingSystemsAprogramthatmanagescomputerhardwareandsoftwareresources.Operatingsystem(OS)Thewindowandmethodofinteractionbetweenhumansandcomputers.Thecorecomponentofanoperatingsystem,responsibleformanaginghardwareandsoftwareresources.Thecreation,storage,access,andcontroloffilesandfoldersbytheoperatingsystem.Aprogramthatenablestheoperatingsystemtocommunicatewithhardwaredevices.Userinterface(UI)KernelFilemanagementDevicedriver02BasicEnglishfortheInternetChapterInternet:InternetWorldWideWeb(WWW):WorldWideWebWebbrowser:awebbrowserBasicConceptsandTerminologyoftheInternetURL(UniformResourceLocator):UniformResourceLocatorHTTP(HypertextTransferProtocol):HypertextTransferProtocolBasicConceptsandTerminologyoftheInternetEmail(ElectronicMail):EmailFTP(FileTransferProtocol):FileTransferProtocolBasicConceptsandTerminologyoftheInternetWAN(WideAreaNetwork):WideAreaNetworkSwitch:switchVPN(VirtualPrivateNetwork):VirtualPrivateNetworkLAN(LocalAreaNetwork):LocalAreaNetworkRouterFirewall:Firewall010203040506Vocabularyrelatedtolocalareanetworksandwideareanetworks01TCP/IP(TransmissionControlProtocol/InternetProtocol):TransmissionControlProtocol/InternetProtocol02DNS(DomainNameSystem):DomainNameSystem03SMTP(SimpleMailTransferProtocol):SimpleMailTransferProtocol04POP3(PostOfficeProtocol3):PostOfficeProtocolThirdEdition05IMAP(InternetMessageAccessProtocol):InternetMessageAccessProtocol06SSL/TLS(SecureSocketsLayer/TransportLayerSecurity):SecureSocketsLayer/TransportLayerSecurityProtocolNetworkprotocolsandstandards03ProgrammingandAlgorithmEnglishChapter03Class01Variable02FunctionFundamentalsofprogramminglanguagevocabulary02030401FundamentalsofprogramminglanguagevocabularyObjectSyntaxBug(Error)DebuggingArrayLinkedListCommonTerminologyforDataStructuresandAlgorithmsStackTreeQueueCommonTerminologyforDataStructuresandAlgorithmsCommonTerminologyforDataStructuresandAlgorithms010203AlgorithmComplexityGraphSoftwaredevelopmentprocessandspecificationsSoftwaredevelopmentprocessandspecifications01WaterfallModel02AgileMethodologyScrum(AgileDevelopmentFramework)03Kanban(Kanbanmethod)0102ExtremeProgramming(XP)Softwaredevelopmentprocessandspecifications010203CodeReviewContinuousIntegration(CI)ContinuousDelivery(CD)Softwaredevelopmentprocessandspecifications04DatabaseandDataManagementEnglishChapter01Awarehousethatstoresdata,usuallyastructuredcollectionofdata.Database02Softwareusedtocreate,manage,maintain,andusedatabases.DBMS(DatabaseManagementSystem)03Thebasicstructureofdatastoredinadatabase,consistingofrowsandcolumns.TableBasicconceptsandterminologyofdatabasesTheoperationofretrievingdatafromadatabase.Afieldinatablethatdescribesapropertyofadataobject.Arecordinatablethatrepresentsadataobject.Adatastructureusedtoimprovedatabasequeryperformance.ColumnRowIndexQueryBasicconceptsandterminologyofdatabasesFundamentalsofSQLLanguageSQL(StructuredQueryLanguage):Astandardprogramminglanguageusedtomanagerelationaldatabases.SELECTUsedtoretrievedatafromadatabase.InsertUsedtoinsertnewdataintothedatabase.UPDATEUsedtomodifyexistingdatainthedatabase.FundamentalsofSQLLanguageUsedtodeletedatafromthedatabase.DeleteUsedtofilterqueryresults.WHEREUsedtocombinedatafrommultipletables.JOINFundamentalsofSQLLanguageDataMiningTheprocessofextractingusefulinformationandpatternsfromalargeamountofdata.ModelAmathematicalorstatisticalrepresentationusedtodescribeapatternorrelationshipindata.AnalyticsTheprocessofstatistics,analysis,andvisualizationofdatatodiscovertrendsandpatternsinthedata.PredictionThespeculationoffuturedatabasedonhistoricaldataandmodels.AlgorithmAsetofrulesandstepsusedfordataminingandanalysis.VisualizationPresentingdataintheformofgraphicsorchartstomakeiteasiertounderstandandanalyze.Vocabularyrelatedtodataminingandanalysis05NetworkSecurityandProtectionEnglishChapterAnetworksecuritysystemusedtopreventunauthorizedaccessfromenteringorleavingaprivatenetwork.Firewallincludesviruses,worms,Trojans,etc.,usedtodestroyorstealdata.MalwareDeceivingusersintoleakingsensitiveinformationbydisguisingthemselvesastrustworthyentities.PhishingAfloodofinvalidrequeststhatparalyzesthetargetsystem.DenialofService(DoS)AttackBasicconceptsandterminologyofnetworksecurity010203SQLInjectionAttackersillegallyobtaindatabaseinformationbyenteringmaliciousSQLcode;Defensestrategiesincludeusingparameterizedqueriesandlimitingthedisplayoferrormessages.CrossSiteScripting(XSS)Attackersinjectmaliciousscriptsonwebsites,affectingotherusers;Thedefensestrategyincludesfilteringandescapinguserinput.ManintheMiddle(MITM)AttackAttackersinterceptandpotentiallytamperwithinformationbetweentwocommunicatingparties;ThedefensestrategyincludesusingencryptedcommunicationmethodssuchasHTTPSandVPN.Commonnetworkattackmethodsanddefensestrategies要點(diǎn)三EncryptionTheprocessofconvertingplaintextinformationintociphertexttoprotecttheconfidentialityandintegrityofdata;CommonalgorithmsincludeAES,RSA,etc.要點(diǎn)一要點(diǎn)二FirewallPrinciplesFirewallscontrolnetworkcommunicationbydefiningsecuritypolicies,whichcanfilterandrestrictbasedonIPaddresses,portnumbers,protocoltypes,etc.VPN(VirtualPrivateNetwork)Establishingadedicatednetworkonapublicnetworkthroughencryptiontechnologytoensurethesecurityofremoteaccess.要點(diǎn)三EncryptionTechnologyandFirewallPrinciples06CloudComputingandBigDataEnglishChapterCloudComputing:Acomputingmethodthatutilizesanetwork(usuallytheinternet)toprovideandmanagedataandapplicationsfromacentralremoteserver.Virtualization:Creatingvirtual(ratherthanactual)versionsofthings,suchasvirtualservers,virtualstoragedevices,andvirtualnetworkresources.SaaS,PaaS,IaaS:SoftwareasaService,PlatformasaService,andInfrastructureasaServicearethethreemainservicemodelsofcloudcomputing.PrivateCloud,PublicCloud,andHybridCloudarethethreemaindeploymentmodelsforcloudcomputing.BasicconceptsandterminologyofcloudcomputingBigDatareferstoalargeandcomplexdatasetthattraditionaldataprocessingapplicationsfinddifficulttoprocess.DataMining:Theprocessofextractingusefulinformationfromlargedatabases,typicallyinvolvingstatistics,machinelearning,anddatabasetechniques.Principlesandapp