OxfordDictionariesWordoftheYear2013Selfieaphotographthatonehastakenofoneself,typicallyonetakenwithasmartphoneorwebcamanduploadedtoasocialmediawebsite做作業(yè)太無(wú)趣了，所以我拍了一張自拍照、發(fā)布到了網(wǎng)上。Myhomeworkwastooboring,soItookaselfieandpostedittotheInternet.VietnameseWarisadrainonAmericanresources.越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)不斷地消耗美國(guó)的資源。Theunpleasantnoisemustbeimmediatelyputanendto.必須立即終止這種討厭的噪音。ThecreditsysteminAmericawasfirstadoptedbyHarvardUniversityin1872.美國(guó)的學(xué)分制是1872年在哈佛大學(xué)首先實(shí)施的。ReviewIfyousaythatsomethingisa

drain

onanorganization'sfinancesorresources,youmeanthatitcoststheorganizationalargeamountofmoney,andyoudonotthinkthatitisworthit.(資源、資金的)外流;消耗去年這個(gè)地區(qū)遭受了60年來(lái)最嚴(yán)重的旱災(zāi)。Lastyeartheregion

washitby

theworstdroughtin60years.現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)找到了從垃圾中提取和利用這些材料的方法。Methodsarefound

totakethesematerialsoutoftherubbishandusethemagain.她突然發(fā)脾氣，使老頭大吃一驚。Her

suddenfury

greatlysurprisedtheoldman.Diction

遣詞用字..yet,asitsometimeshappensthatapersondepartshislife,whoisreallydeservingofthepraisesthestone-cuttercurvesoverhisbones;whoisgoodChristian,agoodparent,child,wifeorhusband;whoactuallydoeshaveadisconsolatefamilytomournhisloss;...……不過(guò)偶然也有幾個(gè)死人當(dāng)?shù)闷鹗晨淘谒麄冃喙巧系暮迷?。真的是虔誠(chéng)的教徒，慈愛(ài)的父母，孝順的兒女，賢良的妻子，盡職的丈夫，他們家里的人也的確哀思綿綿地追悼他們。Heismycousin.他是我堂（表）兄/弟。她鉛筆盒里有五支筆。pencil,ballpointpens,writingbrush…哥哥你岸上走，妹妹我坐船頭Canwetranslatethemintobrotherandsister?Why?Howtotranslatethefollowingwords?Howtotranslatethefollowingsentence?

Tensionisbuildingup.形勢(shì)緊張起來(lái)。電壓在加強(qiáng)。張力在增大。壓力在增強(qiáng)。What’swrongwiththefollowingtranslation?AndIsayitisasgreattobeawomanastobeaman.AndIsaythereisnothinggreaterthanthemotherofman.我說(shuō)，做女人和做男人一樣偉大。我說(shuō)，最偉大的莫如男人的母親。最后一個(gè)man指人（不是男人）。

family的譯法：

原文：Doyouhaveafamily?

譯文：你有家庭嗎？

你有孩子了嗎？HighlightsoftheUnitCorrespondencebetweenEnglishandChineseatWordLevelMethodsofDiscriminatingtheOriginalMeaningofanEnglishWordExtensionofthewordmeaning(詞義的引申)DictioninChinese-EnglishTranslationⅠ.

CorrespondencebetweenEnglishandChineseatWordLevelword-for-wordcorrespondenceMarxism激光癌癥Sun,moon,sky,mountain…馬克思主義LasercancerWordswithoutequivalentBabyboomer:rigjackereggathon節(jié)氣,三伏,三九嬰兒潮時(shí)代出生的人劫持近海油井設(shè)備的人吃煮雞蛋比賽OneWordwithMultipleEquivalenceoftheSameMeaningWife:妻子、愛(ài)人、夫人、老婆、老伴、媳婦、堂客、內(nèi)人、拙荊…Potato:馬鈴薯、洋芋、土豆、山藥蛋人：Humanbeing,man,people,personOnewordswithseveralequivalentsofdifferentmeaningscousin:堂兄、弟、姐、妹/表兄、弟、姐、妹president總統(tǒng)、總裁、主席、董事長(zhǎng)…羊：sheep,goat,lamb,ram,eweFalseequivalence“知識(shí)分子”Vs.intellectual我在看書(shū)。Iamreadingabook.請(qǐng)?jiān)谶@兒簽名。Pleasesignyournamehere.她不得不彎腰去撿棍子。Shehadtobendherbacktopickupthestick.Howtotranslatethefollowingwords?Frenchchalk法國(guó)粉筆滑石粉Chinatown中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)外國(guó)城市里中國(guó)人居住區(qū)Chinarose中國(guó)玫瑰月季Americanbeauty美國(guó)美女月月紅Germanshepherd德國(guó)牧羊人牧羊犬sweetwater淡水、飲用水bedclothes床上用品blacksheep敗家子dogear(書(shū)頁(yè)的)折角drygoods紡織品handmoney定金、保證金deadeye神槍手busybody愛(ài)管閑事的人FromChinatoPeruDutchtreatFrenchleaveItalianfootballcastleinSpainGreekgift天涯海角各自付費(fèi)的聚餐不辭而別炸彈空中樓閣，白日夢(mèng)害人的禮物Ⅱ.MethodsofDiscriminatingtheOriginalMeaningofanEnglishWordDistinguishtheoriginalmeaningofanEnglishwordbymeansofitspartofspeech

Idon’tlikeitwhenshetellsmehowtodothings.Fromwhatyousay,shesounds

liketherightpersonforthejob.WillweeverseethelikeofMozartagain?distinguish

bymeansofsyntax

（從詞的語(yǔ)法形式判斷）agreement同意people人民use使用anagreement協(xié)定apeople民族uses用途Specialpluralscustom

習(xí)慣experience

經(jīng)驗(yàn)thelastword 最后一句話innumber 數(shù)目上inspirit 精神上onorder 訂購(gòu)中atthefootof 在…底部makeaspeech 發(fā)表演說(shuō)customs

海關(guān)experiences

經(jīng)驗(yàn)thelastwords 遺囑innumbers 很多inspirits 興致勃勃onorders 根據(jù)命令atthefeetof 屈服于…makespeeches 指責(zé)，教 訓(xùn)Judgingfromthecontextandcollocation(1)Thewarisbecomingthemostimportantstoryofthisgeneration.(2)It’squiteanotherstorynow.(3)LastDecemberthePost(郵報(bào))firstreportedthatprobeswerebeingmadeineachofthosecities,butofficialsrefusedtoconfirmthestory.(1)這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)將成為這代人所經(jīng)歷的最重大的事件。(2)現(xiàn)在的情況完全不同了。(3)去年12月，《郵報(bào)》首先報(bào)道調(diào)查工作已在那些城市里進(jìn)行，但是官員們拒絕證實(shí)那條消息。Hisplanedevelopedenginetroubleonlysevenmilesaftertakeoff.發(fā)生故障Inspiredbytheseideas,in1752Franklindevelopedapracticallightningrod.研制避雷針Todevelopthecapabilitiesofthegeophysicalprospecting…提高能力Wemustdevelopallthenaturalsubstanceinourcountry.開(kāi)發(fā)資源Theword“hot”hasmanymeanings,butinthespecificcollocationsitsmeaningisconcrete.hotbathPepperishot.ahottemperhotmusichotnewshotmaterialhotdispute熱水浴胡椒是辣的。暴躁的脾氣節(jié)奏強(qiáng)的音樂(lè)最新消息強(qiáng)放射性物質(zhì)激烈爭(zhēng)論delicateporcelaindelicatefooddelicateskindelicatehealthdelicatediplomaticquestiondelicateearformusicdelicatesenseofsmell精致的瓷器美味的食物嬌嫩的皮膚虛弱的身體微妙的外交問(wèn)題對(duì)音樂(lè)有鑒賞力靈敏的觸覺(jué)adrycowadrypartyadrybookadryanswerdryhumoradrybusinessseasondrywinesadryrehearsal不產(chǎn)奶的母牛無(wú)酒的聚會(huì)枯燥無(wú)味的書(shū)冷淡的回答冷面幽默生意淡季無(wú)甜味的酒空彈演習(xí)JudgingfromdifferentbranchesoflearningandspecialtiesThelathe(車床)shouldbesetonafirmbase.車床應(yīng)安裝在堅(jiān)實(shí)的底座上。（機(jī)械）Abasereactswithanacidtoformasalt.堿與酸反應(yīng)生成鹽。（化學(xué)）Heisonthesecondbase.他在二壘。（體育）Thewearytroopsmarchedbacktothebase.疲憊不堪的士兵列隊(duì)返回基地。computerswithin-builtpersonalities安裝有內(nèi)置個(gè)性芯片的計(jì)算機(jī)（而非“性格”）Homeapplianceswillalsobecomesosmartthat…家用電器也會(huì)變得如此智能化……（而非“聰明”）Governmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestillfurtherinnovations…各國(guó)政府常常不得不出臺(tái)進(jìn)一步的革新措施……（而非“介紹”）ⅢExtensionofthewordmeaning(詞義的引申）Heavycrop大豐收Heavytraffic交通擁擠1）將詞義做具體的引申Alltheirregularitiesofthestudentsinthatuniversityresultinpunishment.在那所大學(xué)，學(xué)生的任何違紀(jì)行為都要受到處分。AstheplanecameinatNewYork’sInternationalAirport,Edithhadamomentoffear.

飛機(jī)抵達(dá)紐約機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)，艾迪斯心頭掠過(guò)一陣恐慌。Wisdompreparesfortheworst,butfollyleavestheworstforthedayitcomes.智慧為最壞做好準(zhǔn)備，但是愚蠢將最壞留給它到來(lái)的那一天。智者做好準(zhǔn)備對(duì)付最壞的情況，愚者等到最壞的情況來(lái)臨的時(shí)候才著急。智者防患于未然，愚者臨渴掘井。2）根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系引申轉(zhuǎn)譯Opticstechnologyisoneofthemostsensationaldevelopmentsinrecentyears.光學(xué)技術(shù)是近年來(lái)轟動(dòng)一時(shí)的科學(xué)成就之一。（不譯“發(fā)展”）Thebeautyoflasersisthat…激光的妙處在于…（不譯“美麗”）Summary：詞義的正確選擇首先取決于對(duì)原文的確切理解對(duì)原文詞義的確切理解又取決于對(duì)原文上下文的推敲有些詞看起來(lái)很簡(jiǎn)單，但有時(shí)最常用的對(duì)應(yīng)詞卻不能準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)原作的意思。

Ⅳ.DictioninChinese-EnglishTranslation漢譯英中的選詞BasicPrinciples確切：這個(gè)人私販鴉片(opium)。（secretlysell?）Thismanisatraffickerofopium.簡(jiǎn)潔：他們你一句，我一句，說(shuō)個(gè)沒(méi)完。Theytalkedonandon(withoutstopping.)生動(dòng)：他總算把記者招待會(huì)對(duì)付過(guò)去了。Afterall,hesurvivedthepressconference.不能夠字字死譯，要考慮英語(yǔ)的含義。為了多積攢點(diǎn)錢買房子，他們省吃儉用。Theylivefrugallytoaccumulatemoremoneytobuyahouse.*Theysavefoodandexpensesto---思想：毛澤東思想MaozedongThought解放思想Liberateone’smind軍事思想militarythinking注意詞的廣義與狹義1．農(nóng)業(yè)是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)。Agricultureisthefoundationofthenationaleconomy.2．他從不喝酒。Henevertoucheswine.注意詞義的強(qiáng)弱3．恐怖分子的暴行激起了人民的極大憤怒。Theatrocitiesoftheterroristsrousedthepeopletogreatindignation(憤慨；義憤).4．孫中山是個(gè)好人。Dr.SunZhongshanwasamanofintegrity.注意詞義的褒貶5．我們應(yīng)該從這里得出一條經(jīng)驗(yàn)，就是不要被假象所迷惑。Weshoulddrawalessonhere:Don’tbemisledbyfalseappearances.“農(nóng)民”Vs“peasant”

“地主”Vs“l(fā)andlord”propaganda注意詞的政治含義中國(guó)大陸MainlandofChina,Chinesemainland,China’smainlandMainlandChina釣魚(yú)島DiaoyuIslandsSenkakuIslands注意詞的搭配漢英兩種語(yǔ)言在長(zhǎng)期使用過(guò)程中形成了各自的固定詞組和搭配用法翻譯時(shí)必須注意兩者的不同，不能把漢語(yǔ)詞的搭配用法生搬硬套到英語(yǔ)譯文中。濃茶濃云濃霧strongtea