Unit3FriendshipandLoyalty1TextBATributetotheDog2Topic-relatedDiscussion1.Whydomanypeoplechoosetokeepdogsaspetsinsteadofotheranimals?Let’sTalk2.WhydoyouthinkagrowingnumberofChinese,especiallytheelderly,prefertokeeppets?3TributeI'dliketopaytributeto(=praiseandadmirepublicly)theworkersforalltheirhardwork.IpaytributetohimforhissupportforthePeaceTrain.Wemustgive

tribute

toallthosewhohelpedmakethisafreecountry.他贊揚(yáng)了組委會(huì)。Hepaidtributetotheorganisingcommittee.4Turnagainstturn(somebody)againstsomebody/somethingtostoplikingorsupportingsomeoneorsomething,ortomakesomeonedothis:Manypeoplehadturnedagainstthewar.Davefeltshewasdeliberatelyturningthekidsagainsthim.連那些原來(lái)支持他的人也開(kāi)始反對(duì)他了。Eventhosewhowereonceforhimbegantoturnagainsthim.5RearIt'sagoodplacetorearyoungchildren.Mostfarmersinthisarea

rear

sheep.她母親因癌癥去世,她姨媽將她撫養(yǎng)大。Hermotherdiedofcancerandheraunt

rears

her.

61.raise是非正式用語(yǔ),英式英語(yǔ)中指“養(yǎng)動(dòng)植物”,美式英語(yǔ)中指“撫養(yǎng)人”。2.rear在英式英語(yǔ)中指“撫養(yǎng)人”,在美式英語(yǔ)中指“養(yǎng)動(dòng)植物”,既指“從小養(yǎng)到大”,也指“教養(yǎng)”,是正式用語(yǔ)。例如:Themotherrearedherchildrenwisely.Shelikesrearingbirds.3.bringup是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),作“撫養(yǎng)”解時(shí)無(wú)語(yǔ)體之分,側(cè)重于童年時(shí)期的“精心教養(yǎng)”。Thewomanbroughtupfourchildrenalone.Hewasbroughtuptobelievethatmoneyisthemostimportantthinginlife.4.growup的意思是“成長(zhǎng)”,側(cè)重于“達(dá)到成熟階段”。例如:Thisbushhasgrownupalotinthelastfewmonths.

Janeisgrowingupsofast,Ithinkshe'sgoingtobeatallwoman.7UngratefulIamnotpreparedtogotojailforthatungratefulwoman!--gratefulfeelingthatyouwanttothanksomeonebecauseofsomethingkindthattheyhavedone,orshowingthisfeeling[≠u(mài)ngrateful]gratefulfor I'msogratefulforallyourhelp.gratefulto

Iamverygratefultoallthosewhotookthetroubletowritetome.8Trustwithtrustsomebodywithsomethingtoletsomeonehavesomethingorhavecontroloversomething,believingthattheywillbecarefulwithit:Iwouldn'ttrusthimwiththekeys.I'dtrustherwithmylife.9Goodnamethegoodopinionthatpeoplehaveofsomeoneorsomething[=reputation]goodnameof Itthreatenedtodamagethegoodnameofthefirm.10Traitortraitorto

atraitortothecauseofwomen'srightsapoliticianwhoturnedtraitor(=becameatraitor)tothegovernment那個(gè)罪大惡極的叛徒被判處死刑。Theinfamous

traitor

wassentencedtodeath.

11FaithIstillhavefaithinhim.Theexperiencegaveme

faith

thatpeoplecanchange.

你跟我講的這番話使我對(duì)人性的信念破滅了。Whatyoutellmeshattersmy

faith

inhumannature.--faithfulAfaithfulfriendourfaithfulfamilydog,BogeyDoyouthinkBob'salwaysbeenfaithfultoyou?--unfaithfulGeoffhadbeenunfaithfultoheronmanyoccasions.--faithfully12Reputationreputationfor JudgeKelso has areputationforbeingstrictbutfair.reputationas Inherlastjobsheacquiredareputationasatroublemaker.agood/badreputation ahotelwithagoodreputationforitsfood這家商店因公平交易而獲好名聲Thisstorehasanexcellent

reputation

forfairdealing.13Ill-considereddecisions,actions,ideasetcthatareill-consideredhavenotbeencarefullythoughtabout:Thetaxreformsareill-considered.14Pronepronetodosomething Kidsareallpronetoeatjunkfood.Childrenofpoorhealthareverypronetocoldsinwinter.人們疲勞時(shí)更容易出差錯(cuò)。Peoplearemore

prone

tomakemistakeswhentheyaretired.

15Malice16Doushonordosomebodythehonourofdoingsomething(=makesomeoneproudandhappybydoingsomethingforthem)17Malicewithmalice Hiseyesgleamedwithmalice.sheer/puremalice Shediditoutofsheermalice.我知道你對(duì)我毫無(wú)惡意Iknowyoubearno

malice

towardsme.18Settleifdust,snowetcsettles,itcomesdownandstaysinoneplacesettleon Snowsettledontheroofs.Agreatinsectwentnoisilybyand

settled

nearhisfoot.

灰塵落得到處都是Dusthas

settled

everywhere.

19AbsoluteWeneedabsoluteproofthathetookthemoney.Theshowwasanabsolutedisasterthefirstnight.他們信誓旦旦地保證將對(duì)此絕對(duì)保密。Theyhadgivenanabsoluteassurancethatitwouldbekeptsecret.--absolutelyAreyouabsolutelysure?Thiscakeisabsolutelydelicious.20UnselfishSheisanoutgoing,unselfish,andlovingperson.一個(gè)自私的人總是想著自己。A

selfish

personalwaysthinksabouthimself.

--selfishHowcanyoubesoselfish?selfishbehaviour21Desert[=abandon]:Helenwasdesertedbyherhusband.Thepricerisecausedmanyreaderstodesertthemagazine.他變得粗暴無(wú)禮,所以朋友們都不和他來(lái)往了Hehasbecomesorudethathisfriendsare

deserting

him.

22Treacherousaslyandtreacherouswomanatreacherousplottooverthrowtheleader23standbysomebodytostayloyaltosomeoneandsupportthem,especiallyinadifficultsituation:Hiswifestoodbyhimduringhisyearsinprison.24Prosperityatimeofeconomicprosperityprosperityof thefutureprosperityofthecountry帝國(guó)經(jīng)過(guò)全盛以后逐漸衰落。Theempirewasonthewaneafteritsperiodof

prosperity.

--prosperousrichandsuccessful:aprosperouslandownerAfterthewar,GermanybecameoneofEurope'smostprosperouscountries.25PovertyMillionsofelderlypeopleliveinpoverty.Weneedaneffectivestrategytofightpoverty.26Sicknessaninsurancepolicyagainstlong-termsicknessandinjuryworkingdayslostduetosickness在52年的工作中他僅病過(guò)一周。Infifty-twoyearsofworkinghehadoneweekofsickness.--sickMariacan'tcomeintodaybecauseshe'ssick.asickchild27Wintryawintrydaywintryshowerswintrywind他畫(huà)了一幅冬天景色的畫(huà)Hedrewapictureof

wintry

scene.

28Driveifrain,snow,windetcdrivessomewhere,itmovesveryquicklyinthatdirection:Therainwasdrivingdownhard.雨敲打著窗戶。Raindroveagainstthewindow.29FiercelyIcanfeelmyheartisbeating

fiercely.

--fierceafiercewindItwasoneoftheregion'sfierceststormsinyears.30LickThedogjumpedupandlickedherface.licksomethingupThekitty

licked

upthemilk.licksomethingoffsomething Helickedthedropsoffhisupperlip.31SoreTheywerestarvingandcoveredwithsores.那只可憐的狗滿身全是傷。Thepoordogwascoveredwith

sores32WoundIttookseveralmonthsforhiswoundstoheal.Anursecleanedandbandagedthewound.我希望她感情上的創(chuàng)傷能隨時(shí)間的流逝而治愈。Ihopeheremotional

wound

willhealwiththepassingoftime.

33Encounterencounterwith

achild'sfirstencounterwithbooksIhadafrighteningencounterwithapoisonoussnake.34RoughnessHesurvivedtheroughnessoftheSecondWorldWar.--rougharoughperiodisoneinwhichyouhavealotofproblemsordifficultiesSoundslikeyouhadaroughday.We'vebeenthroughsomeroughtimestogether.35Guardtoprotectaperson,place,orobjectbystayingnearthemandwatchingthem:TheSergeanttoldSwifttoguardtheentrance.alionessguardinghercubs36takewingtoflyawayThelovethatteachersgivestudentscanmaketheirhopestakewings.37Reputationtheopinionthatpeoplehaveaboutsomeoneorsomethingbecauseofwhathashappenedinthepastreputationfor JudgeKelsohasareputationforbeingstrictbutfair.agood/badreputation ahotelwithagoodreputationforitsfood38Falltopiecestobreakintomanypieces[=fallapart]:Thebookhadbeenwellusedandfinallyfelltopieces.Thefamilyisfallingtopieces.Theeconomyisfallingtopieces.39Constantloyalandfaithful:aconstantfriend在我們這個(gè)世界上似乎沒(méi)有東西是永恒不變的。Inourworldnothingseemsconstant.--inconstantunfaithfulinloveorfriendshipaninconstantandunreliablefriend40JourneyespeciallyBritishEnglish atimespenttravellingfromoneplacetoanother,especiallyoveralongdistance[=tripAmericanEnglish]journeyto/from/between myjourneytoChinaourjourneyacrossEuropeWearegoingonajourneytoastrangecountry.41Heaventheheavens :(literary) theskyHelookeduptowardstheheavens.Justthen,theheavensopened(=itstartedtorainheavily).42Fortunethegoodorbadthingsthathappeninlife:adownturninthecompany'sfortunesThisdefeatmarkedachangeintheteam'sfortunes.43OutcastSmokersoftenfeelasthoughtheyarebeingtreatedassocialoutcasts.不過(guò)，他那個(gè)時(shí)代的其它藝術(shù)家都認(rèn)為他是個(gè)被社會(huì)所排斥的人However,hewasconsideredan

outcast

byotherartistsofhistime.

44FriendlessThereIwasalwayseffortlesslytopoftheclassandalmosttotallyfriendless.45HomelessThousandsofpeoplehavebeen madehomeless.Theearthquakeleftthousandsofpeoplehomeless.Thereisasystemofsheltersforhomelesspeople.46FaithfulAfaithfulfriendyearsof faithfulservice tothecompanyourfaithfulfamilydog,Bogeyafaithfulmemberofthechurchfaithfulto Heremainedfaithfultohisprinciplestothelast.47PrivilegeHehadnospecialprivilegesandwastreatedjustlikeeveryotherprisoner.privilegeof

theprivilegeofagoodeducation我有會(huì)見(jiàn)王后的特權(quán)。Ihadthe

privilege

ofmeetingthequeen.--privilegedStudentsfromaprivilegedbackgroundhaveanadvantageatuniversity.Onlytheprivilegedfewcanaffordprivateeducation.48AccompanyChildrenunder14mustbeaccompaniedbyanadult.Whereverherhusbandwent,shewouldaccompanyhim.49Guardagainstguardsomebody/somethingagainstsomething Thereisnoonetoguardtheseisolatedfarmsagainstattack.50Sceneasinglepieceofactionthathappensinoneplaceinafilm,booketc:battlescenesThefilmcontainssomeviolentscenes.51Embraceinanembrace

Theyheldeachotherinatenderembrace.Heheldhertohiminawarmembrace.52PursueSheplansto pursueacareerinpolitics.Studentsshouldpursuetheirown interests,aswellasdotheirschoolwork.pursueagoal/aim/objectiveetc companiesthatpursuethetraditionalgoalofprofits53AlertTheanimalraiseditshead,suddenlyalert.Takingnotesisoneofthebestwaystostayalertinlectures.他決定從現(xiàn)在起要更提高警惕了Hedecidedhewouldstaymore

alert

fromnowon.

54WatchfulnessYourwatchfulnessaloneoughttobeenoughtomakepeoplebackoff.單憑你的警惕性就足夠使別人保持距離。--watchfulHiseyeswerewatchful.Keepawatchfuleyeonelderlyresidents.55KeyPhrasesTurnagainstTrustwithBepronetoFallonone’skneesDoone’shonorThrowthestoneofmaliceStandbyInprosperityInpovertyInhealthInsicknessTakewingsFalltopiecesTake…inembrace56WritingFaultyParallelism57Twoverycommontypesoferrorincoordination1)TheuseofandwhoandandwhichconstructionNeveruseandwhoandandwhichclausesunlesstheyareprecededbywhoorwhichclauses2)Theuseofcorrelativeconjunctionseither…or;neither…nor;notonly…butalso;both…and5859

Faultyparallelconstruction

Swimmingandtoplaythepianowereherhobbies.Swimmingandplayingthepianowereherhobbies.Shelikestowatchtelevisionandlisteningtomusic.ShelikestowatchtelevisionandtolistentomusicShelikeswatchingtelevisionandlisteningtomusic.Jamesisamanofgreatcreativityandwhoisconsiderate.Jamesisamanofgreatcreativityandconsideration.59MisplacedModifiers6061Hetouchedwithhishandtheball.Hetouchedtheballwithhishand.Themonkeysamusedthepeopleinthecagesatthezoo.Themonkeysinthecagesamusedthepeopleatthezoo.Igotyourlettersayingthatyouwantedtoquitschooltodobusinessinacoastalcitythismorning.Thismorning,Igotyourlettersayingthatyouwantedtoquitschooltodobusinessinacoastalcity.61onlyjustalmostnearlyOnlythePresidentcouldauthorizetheuseoftheatomicbomb.Thecouplehadbeendatingforalmostthreeyears.It'snotjustafinancialmatter.Goldsworthstaredatmeinsilencefornearlytwentyseconds.62DanglingModifiers63Adanglingmodifierdescribessththatisn’teveninyoursentence.Itisawordorphrasethatmodifiesawordnotclearlystatedinthesentence.64Attheageoften,mygrandfatherdied.WhenIwasten,mygrandfatherdied.Todowellincollege,goodgradesareessential.Todowellincollege,astudentneedsgoodgrades.65Havingfinisheddinner,thefootballgamewasturnedon.Havingfinisheddinner,Joeturnedonthefootballgame.

66Danglingmodifierscanberepairedby:placingthesubjectofthemodificationphraseasthesubjectoftheindependentclause: Havingfinisheddinner,Joeturnedonthefootballgame.placingthesubjectoftheactionwithinthedanglingphrase:

AfterJoefinisheddinner,heturnedonthefootballgame.67Howmightyoucorrectthefollowingsentence? Playingsolitaireonthecomputerforthreehours,Michael’spaperwasnotcompleted.

Better:Playingsolitaireonthecomputerforthreehours,

Michael

didnotcompletehispaper.

Better:Because

Michael

pl