2018年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試真題答案與詳解（第2套）PartIWriting審題思路：范文點(diǎn)評(píng)：高分范文精彩點(diǎn)評(píng)TheImportanceofBuildingBetweenandStudents開門見山，提出良好的師生關(guān)系的重要性。切入主題，表明信任對(duì)維持良好的師生關(guān)系至①Agoodrelationshipbetweenastudentandateachercanhave關(guān)重要且不可或缺。amajorinfluenceonadevelopment,andtrustcrucialandindispensablemaintainingtherelationship.③④分別使用begin和Secondly具體闡釋師生間信任的重要性，層次分明。③beginwith,onlywhenastudentbelieveshisorher⑤用However進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)折，引出師生間建立信任的teacherheorshewillinglearnfromtheteacherorlooktothe措施。teacherforguidanceandsupport.toostudents⑥⑦分別使用theonehand...和theotherwearyofstudyingandevendropoutofschooljustbecausetheyhand...說(shuō)明師生雙方都應(yīng)該為彼此間的信任做出disliketheirteachers,whichmaytheirwholelife.努力。④,ateacherwhohasthefulltrusthisorherstudents⑧總結(jié)全文，得出結(jié)論：師生間的信任是實(shí)現(xiàn)有moremotivatedhelpthemimprovetheconsciousnessand效教學(xué)的必要條件。initiativeoflearning,whichturnbenefitthestudentsmost.⑤,thecredibilitybetweenteachersandstudentsnot加分亮點(diǎn)somethingthatcanbebuiltone⑥theonehand,teachersindispensable不可缺少的shouldcomprehendthestudents’actualdemandsandthemlooksb.指望某人……timelyhelp.⑦theotherhand,studentsshouldrespectbewearyof...厭煩……theirteachers.motivated積極的，主動(dòng)的⑧all,trustateacher-studentrelationshipamustConsciousnessachieveteachingandlearning.Initiative主動(dòng)性全文翻譯：師生間建立信任的重要性良好的師生關(guān)系會(huì)對(duì)孩子的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生重大影響，而信任對(duì)維持這種關(guān)系至關(guān)重要且不可或缺。來(lái)的。一方面，老師應(yīng)該理解學(xué)生的實(shí)際需求，及時(shí)提供幫助。另一方面，學(xué)生應(yīng)該始終尊重他們的老師?？偠灾瑤熒g的信任是實(shí)現(xiàn)有效教學(xué)的必要條件。PartIIListeningComprehensionSectionAConversationhaveaspecialguestfromthelocalestablishment,theParisianCafé.：thanksforhaveaonyour：Thankforjoiningus.1）pleasetellus,whydodecideopenacafé?W：，sawtheopportunitysomethingalittlespecialanddifferentfromotherestablishments.Cafecertainlyareacompetitivemarket(2)Therearemorethanplentyourandfelttheyareallrathersimilaroeachagree？-1-：Certainlyhowyourestablishmentanydifferent？W：sincepeople,haverabbitswanderingfreelyontheplace.OurcustomersandenjoytheirfoodanddrinkswhilelittlerabbitplayaboutandbrushagainsttheirTherenootherplacelike：amazing!Howdouptheidea?W：sawothercafescatsthought,whynotrabbit?Peopletherabbits.Theyarecuteanimals.：Butsafe?therabbiteverbitepeople?doanycustomereverhurttherabbits?perfectlysafeforbothrabbitsandourcustomers.Rabbitsareverypeacefulandcertainlydonotbite.(3)Furthermore,ourrabbitsareregularlycleanedandhaveallreceivedtherequiredshouts.therenohealthrisk(4)Asforourcustomers,theyareallanimallovers,sotheywouldnevertryhurttherabbits.Sometimesayoungchildmayexcited,andtheyarealittletoorough,butneveraseriousthetheParisianCaféagreatexperienceforchildren,achanceforthemlearnaboutrabbitsandhowcareofthem.：certainlythefirstheardofacafélikethat.Questions1to4basedonconversationyouhaveheard.未聽先知：預(yù)覽四道題各選項(xiàng)，由反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的café和customers等詞可以初步推測(cè)，對(duì)話內(nèi)容與咖啡有關(guān)；再結(jié)合animal、pets、breeds、rabbits和hercafé等詞可以進(jìn)一步推測(cè)，對(duì)話中的女士擁有一個(gè)咖啡館，且其咖啡館與動(dòng)物有關(guān)。1:答案：DParisianCafé可以推斷，女士擁有一家咖啡館，答案為D。2:hercity?答案：A詳解：對(duì)話中女士說(shuō)，城里有很多咖啡館，而這些咖啡館都十分相似。因此答案為A。:答案：A3詳解：當(dāng)男士問(wèn)女士咖啡館里的兔子是否安全時(shí)，女士說(shuō)，首先，兔子是一種非常溫順的動(dòng)物，不會(huì)咬人，而且清潔和注射疫苗，他們能夠保證兔子們不會(huì)對(duì)顧客造成任何健康威脅，答案為A。4:say答案：C詳解：對(duì)話中女士提到，來(lái)咖啡館的客人都是動(dòng)物愛好者，絕不會(huì)傷害這些兔子。因此答案為。Conversation：there.Howareyou?：Oh,hi.I’mgreat!Thanks.Andlookgreat,too.M：Thankyou.goodseeshoppingthesection.Iseeyou’vealotofhealthy(5-1)IwishIcouldbuymoreproducefromhere,butIfindthatkidslikeIknowaboutyours,butmineareallaboutjunkfood.W：Oh,trustme!Iknowexactlyhowfeel.(5-2)childrenaretheWhatthesedaysandallthatjunkfoodtheyeat?(6-1)IthinkallthatadvertisingonwheretheyMmustbe.(6-2)childrenseesomethingonandtheyimmediatelywantliketheyrealizejustanadvertisement.WRight.Andpracticallyeverythingadvertisesforchildrenunhealthyprocessedfood.surprisethenbecomesabattleforusparentsfeedourchildrenordinaryfruitandvegetables.M：justthething.Oneneverseesordinaryingredientsbeingadvertisedonneveracarrotorapeach.garbage,likechocolate-coveredsweets.W：(7-1)Andthesebigfoodcorporationshavesomuchmoneyspendonclevertacticdesignyoung-2-childrenwantbuytheirproducts.Childrenneverstandthechance.reallynot：(7-2)aresoright.(8)Whenwerechildrenbarelyhadanyjunkfoodavailable,andturnedoutjustfine.W：parentsunderstandanyofBothcommercialsandthesupermarketsarealienTheirworldsweresodifferentbackwhentheyareyoung.：Iknowwhathappenthenextgeneration.：Theworldgoing：bet.Questions5to8basedonconversationyouhaveheard.未聽先知：預(yù)覽四道題各選項(xiàng)，由vitaminstastefoods和ingredients等詞可以初步推測(cè)，對(duì)話與食品有關(guān)；再結(jié)合toomanyadditives、garbage、commercials、sweetfoods和children等詞可以進(jìn)一步推測(cè)，對(duì)話內(nèi)容與兒童類食品有關(guān)，并且涉及垃圾食品和電視廣告之間的關(guān)系。5答案：D詳解：當(dāng)男士看到女士買了很多健康食品時(shí)，他十分感慨，說(shuō)自己的孩子不喜歡這些健康食品，就喜歡吃垃圾食為D。6foodmost?答案：B詳解：對(duì)話中女士說(shuō)，她認(rèn)為孩子們對(duì)食品的選擇都是受到了電視廣告的影響，男士也表示贊同，說(shuō)孩子們看到電視上有什么就立馬想要什么。由此可知，對(duì)話中的兩人認(rèn)為是電視廣告影響了孩子們對(duì)食物的選擇，答案為。7答案：CC。8答案：B詳解：對(duì)話中男士說(shuō)，他們還是孩子的時(shí)候幾乎接觸不到垃圾食品，結(jié)果長(zhǎng)得也挺好。也就是說(shuō)，他們小時(shí)候很少吃垃圾食品，答案為。SectionBOne2,300mileslength,theMississippithelongesttheUnitedStates.1,000miles,theMackenziethelongestriverCanada.Butthesewaterwaysseemcomparisonthelongestrivers——theandtheAmazon.TheNile,whichbeginscentralAfricaandflowsover4,100milesnorthintotheMediterranean,hostedoneofthegreatancientcivilizationsalongshores.Calmandpeacefulformostofthetheusedfloodtherebycreating,irrigatingandcaringnewtopsoilthenearbyfarmlandonwhichancientEgyptdependedforalivelihood.ameansoftransportation,thecarriedvariousvesselsupanddownlength.(9)AjourneythroughtheunobstructedpartofthiswaterwaytodaywouldpassbythesplendidoftheKings,wherethetombsofmanyoftheseancientmonarchshavestoodforover3,000years.(10)GreatcivilizationsandintensivesettlementsarehardlyassociatedtheAmazon,yetthis4,000-mile-longSouthAmericanrivercarriesabout20percentofthefreshwater—morethantheMississippi,Nile,andecombined.Otherstatisticsareequallyastonishing.TheAmazonsowideatpointsthatfromcenterneithershorecanbeseen.Eachsecond,theAmazonpours55milliongallonsofwaterintotheAtlantic;there,atmouth,standsoneislandthanSwitzerland.Mostimportantofall,theAmazonirrigatesthetropicalrainforestonEarth.Questions9tobasedonpassageyouhaveheard.未聽先知：預(yù)覽三道題各選項(xiàng)，由選項(xiàng)中的floods、water、freshwater和banks等詞可以初步推測(cè)，短文與河流有-3-關(guān)；再結(jié)合Egyptian、ofancientrulers、tribes、civilizations、theMississippiRiver、the和the等詞可以進(jìn)一步推測(cè)，短文涉及世界幾大長(zhǎng)河，重點(diǎn)講述埃及的尼羅河及沿岸文明等方面的內(nèi)容。9答案：C詳解：短文中提到，沿著如今暢通無(wú)阻的水路前行會(huì)經(jīng)過(guò)輝煌的帝王谷（oftheKings），這里有許多3,000多年前的古代帝王的陵墓。因此答案為。10.答案：B詳解：短文中明確提到，亞馬遜河幾乎從未與偉大的文明和密集聚居地這樣的字眼關(guān)聯(lián)在一起。因此答案為。答案：A詳解：短文中提到，亞馬遜河擁有地球上20%左右的淡水。因此答案為A。PassageHowoftendosaypeople“I’mbusy”or“Ihaven’tforthat.”(12)inevitabletruththatallofusliveathefarslain,eventhoughknowthatbeingbusynotparticularlyGrowingupNewZealand，everythingwascalmandPeopleenjoyedthetranquilityofaslowerpaceoflife.ButafterImovedtheandlivedthereforanumberofyears,(13)Iusedhavingapilotto-dolists,andmycalendarlooksamass,lotsofthingsdowrittenacrossit.Ifoundmyselffeelingtimerupendlessworkmeetingsandsocialevents,rushingalongasbusyasabee.Then,one(14)IacrossabookcalledInPraiseofSlownessandrealizedthatbeingbusynotonlydetrimental,butalsohastheofturningintoanendlessrace.Istartedpracticingthevariouspracticalstepsmentionedbytheauthorofthebook,andbeganrevoltagainsttheideaofbeingtoo(15)thatto-donolongerexist,butI’vebecomemoreawareoftheimportantofslowingdownandmakingsurethatIenjoythedailyactivitiesasIcarrythemFromnowon,whensomeoneaskedhowyouris,tryyourrespondingthewordslike“excitingandfun”，insteadoftheculturenormthatSeeyourexperiencethetranquilitythatfollows.Questions12to15basedonpassageyouhaveheard.題各選項(xiàng)中的Livingathefastlanearushsearchfortranquility、yearnforaslowandcalm的內(nèi)容。1答案：B詳解：短文開頭提到，雖然我們知道忙碌不那么健康，但是我們過(guò)著快節(jié)奏的生活，這是一個(gè)無(wú)法逃避的事實(shí)。也就是說(shuō)，我們總是在忙于各種各樣的事情，答案為。1答案：C詳解：短文中講話者提到，在東京生活了幾年以后，她已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了總是有一堆事情需要去做，她的日歷看上去總C。1答案：D詳解：短文中講話者提到，是一本名為PraiseofSlowness的書讓她意識(shí)到忙碌的危害，因此她開始按照作者在書中講到的實(shí)用性步驟改變生活方式。因此答案為D。1答案：B詳解：短文末尾講話者提到，改變生活方式并不是說(shuō)她的任務(wù)清單就不存在了，而是她意識(shí)到了慢生活的意義，在做每一件日常小事的時(shí)候，都能夠樂(lè)在其中。因此答案為。-4-SectionCRecording(16)Governments,privategroups,andindividualsspendbillionsofdollarsayeartryingrootoutnon-nativethatareconsidereddangerousecosystems,andpreventtheintroductionofnewintruders.Butanumberofscientistsquestiontheassumptionthatthepresenceofalienspeciescanneverbeacceptableanaturalecosystem.Theysaythatportrayingintroducedspeciesasinherentlybadanunscientificapproach.(17)“Distinctionsbetweenexoticandnativespeciesareartificial”saidMichaelRosenzweig,aprofessorofevolutionarybiologyattheUniversityofArizona,“becausetheydependonpeggingadateandcallingtheplansandanimalsthatshowupafterthedate‘exotic.’”Ecosystemsfreeofspeciesdefinedasexoticbydefault,considerthenatural.rollbacktheclockandremoveallexoticsorfixhabitats”Rosenzweigsaid，“Bothnativeandexoticspeciescanbecomeinvasiveandsotheyallhavebemonitoredandcontrolledwhentheybeginoutofthehandcore,thedebateabouthowtheremainingnaturalecosystemsandaboutandhowmuch,restoreotherhabitats.Speciesthatinvadeaterritorycanharmecosystems,agriculture,andhumanhealth.Theycanthreatennativespeciesorevendestroyandreplaceothers.habitatloss,theseevasivespeciesrepresentsthegreatestthreatbiodiversityworldwide,manyecologistsEcologistsgenerallydefineanalienspeciesasonethatpeople,accidentallyorcarriednewlocation.AcrosstheAmericancontinents,exoticspeciesarethoseintroducedafterthefirstEuropeancontact.Thatdate,rounded1500representswhatecologistconsideredhavebeenamajorshiftthespreadofspecies,includingcropsandlivestock,astheybeganmigratehumansfromcontinentcontinent.(18)“Onlyasmallpercentageofalienspeciescauseproblemstheirnewhabitats,”saidDonSmith,professorofecologyandevolutionarybiologyattheUniversityofthe7,000alienspeciestheUnitedStates—outofatotalof150,000species—onlyabout10percentareinvasive,”hepointedout.Theother90percenthavefitintotheirenvironmentsandareconsiderednaturalized.appearancescandeceive,ecologistscaution,andmanyoftheseexoticsmaybeconsideredacceptableonlybecausenoonehasdocumentedtheirharmfulaffects.Whatmore,non-nativespeciescanappearharmlessfordecades,thenturninvasive.(19)Questions16to18basedonyouhaveheard.未聽先知：預(yù)覽三道題各選項(xiàng)，由species、biodiversity和ecosystem等詞可以初步推測(cè)，講座內(nèi)容與物種和生態(tài)環(huán)nativespeciescontributeabiodiversitylocalecosystem和newhabitats等詞可以進(jìn)一步推測(cè)，講座涉及外來(lái)物種對(duì)本地生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響方面的內(nèi)容。1bya答案：C詳解：講座開頭提到，政府、私人團(tuán)體以及很多個(gè)人都花費(fèi)了大量的金錢來(lái)清除那些被認(rèn)為會(huì)危害當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)入當(dāng)?shù)刈匀簧鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)這一看法持懷疑態(tài)度。他們說(shuō)把外來(lái)物種描述成有害的是不科學(xué)的。因此答案為。1of答案：D詳解：講座中提到，MichaelRosenzweig說(shuō)，外來(lái)物種和本地物種的區(qū)分是人為的。因此答案為D。say1答案：A詳解：講座中提到，DonSmith教授說(shuō)，只有很少一部分外來(lái)物種會(huì)給新的生活環(huán)境帶來(lái)問(wèn)題。因此答案為A。RecordingGoodmorning，ladiesandgentlemen!Andwelcomethethirdourcitiesofbusinessseminarstheprogram—DoingBusinessAbroad.aregoinglookatinterculturalawareness,thatis,thefactthatnoteveryoneBritish,.noteveryonespeaksEnglish,andnoteveryonedoesbusinesstheBritishAndwhyshouldthey?(19)Ifoverseasbusinesspeoplearesellingus,thentheyeveryspeakEnglishandexpectourtraditionandmethods.Itonlypoliteforusdothewhenvisitnotonlypolite.ItessentialwantsellBritishprojectsoverseas.-5-First,ashortquiz.seehowcultivateawareare.Question1:Wherenotdrinkalcoholonthefirstandsecondofeverymonth?Question2:Whereshouldneveradmireyourpositions？Question3:HowshouldattractthewaiterduringabusinesslunchBanquet?AndQuestion4:Whereshouldtryallyourappointmentseitherbeforeorafter5:30p.m.？Everyonehadachancenotes?Right.Herearetheanswers—althoughIamsurethattheinformationcouldequallywellapplycountriesotherthanthoseIhavechosen.No.1,(20)mustnotdrinkalcoholonthefirstandseventhofthemonthIndian.Ininternationalhotelsumayfindserved,butarehavingaanIndiancolleague,rememberavoidaskingforabeeryourarrivalcoincidesoneofthosedates.2.InArabcountriesthepolitenessandgenerosityofthepeoplewithoutparallel.Ifyourbeautifulgoldenmaywellfindyourselfbeingpresentthemasapresent.Thisisnotacheapwaydoyourshopping，asyourhostwill,quiteexpectrespondbypresentinghimagiftofequalworthandThailand,clickingthefingers,clappingyourhands,orjustshouting“embarrassyourhostsfellowdinersthewaiterand,ofall,you!Placepalmdownwardandaninconspicuouswavinggesture,whichproduceinstantandsacrificingresults(21)AndfinallySpain,ebusinessesmaintainthepatternofworkinguntilabout2o’clockandthenreturningthefrom5:308:00,9:00or10:00theevening.Questions19to21basedonyouhaveheard.19題選項(xiàng)中的Respecttraditionalculture和business與做生意過(guò)程中遇到的一些傳統(tǒng)文化有關(guān)。1答案：A詳解：講座中提到，如果外國(guó)商人來(lái)英國(guó)做生意，他們會(huì)盡力說(shuō)英語(yǔ)并且尊重英國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)及做事的方式，如果英國(guó)外銷售英國(guó)產(chǎn)品，這也是有必要的。由此可知，與外國(guó)人做生意的時(shí)候，應(yīng)該尊重對(duì)方的傳統(tǒng)文化，答案為A。2答案：C詳解：講座中提到，在印度，每個(gè)月的第一天和第七天你都不能喝酒，在國(guó)際飯店你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們供應(yīng)酒水，但如果你是在這兩個(gè)日子里和印度同事一起吃飯，記得不要點(diǎn)啤酒。因此答案為。2business答案：D詳解：講座末尾提到了西班牙人的工作模式：他們通常會(huì)在下午兩點(diǎn)下班，然后到晚上五點(diǎn)半再上班，上到晚上八點(diǎn)、九點(diǎn)或者十點(diǎn)。也就是說(shuō)，下午兩點(diǎn)至五點(diǎn)半期間是西班牙人的休息時(shí)間，因此答案為D。RecordingThree(22)ShortlyafterhetookovertheDigestAssociation1984,Gruneunlockedthesboardroomandannouncedthattheroomwasnowopentheemployees.wasasymbolicact,indicatingthatunderleadershipDigestwasgoingbedifferent.hiswordGrunehasshakenuptheculturehere.anideaoftheculturewe’retalkingabout,considertheboardroomGruneopenedIthasartworksthatanymuseumtheworldwouldwantcollect,paintingsbyworld-famousartistslikeMonetandPicasso.Itsheadquartershouses3,000ofart.Themainbuildingtoppedafoursculpturesofthemythicalwingedhorse,thecorporatelogo.on127acresofwell-trimmedlawns.TheusedbeoccupiedbyfounderDewittwho,alonghiswife,LilaAchesonlaunchedDigest1922condensedarticlesfromotherpublications.Ithasbecomethemostwidelyreadmagazine,selling28millioncopieseachmonth17languagesand41editions.(23)Thebothchildrenofchurchministers,hadaclearlydefinedformulafortheir“l(fā)ittlemagazine”Digestwasoriginallysubtitled.Articleswerebeshort,readableanduplifting.Subjectswerepickedinspireorentertain.Theacceptadvertisingthe-6-editionuntil1955andeventhentheyallowanyadsforcigarettes,liquorordrugs.(24)Thealsohadaclearsenseoftheofworkplacetheywanted.Itstartedasamama-and-popoperation,andthechildlesssconsideredemployeesbepartoftheirEmployeestellstoriesofhowthewouldcareoftheiremployeeswhohadmetmisfortunestheyshoweredtheiremployeesunusualbenefits,likeaturkeyatThanksgivingandThiscozyworkplacenolongerexistshere.Thebothdiedtheirninetiestheearly1981s.Grune,aformeradsalesmanwhojoinedDigest1960hashiseyesfocusedonthebottomline.Inafewshortyears,heturnedthemagazineonhead.(25)laidseveralhundredworkers.Especiallyhardhitwheretheblue-andpink-collardepartments,suchassubscriptionfulfillment.Questions23to25basedonyouhaveheard.未聽先知：預(yù)覽四道題各選項(xiàng)，由Digest、articles、magazine和subscriptions等詞可以初步推測(cè)，講座內(nèi)cultureprofitable和employees等詞可以進(jìn)一步推測(cè)，講座可能涉及《讀者文摘》這一雜志的企業(yè)文化、盈利狀態(tài)和員工情況等方面內(nèi)容。2答案：A詳解：講座開頭提到，1984年，。23.答案：B夫婦二人都出生于牧師家庭，他們對(duì)雜志中的文章有一個(gè)明確的要求——簡(jiǎn)短易讀，但卻有激勵(lì)人心或是讓人愉悅的效果。因此答案為。2答案：D。25.答案：C詳解：講座末尾提到，二十世紀(jì)八十年代，。PartⅢReadingSectionA全文翻譯：據(jù)稱寫了這首兒歌的女子是美國(guó)最迷人的27人物1830年5月2428假定的作者的生狂熱的30癡迷于建立起一個(gè)理想中的新英格圍內(nèi)的（31）運(yùn)動(dòng)，致力于推行一個(gè)全國(guó)性的節(jié)日，宣稱在慶祝這個(gè)（32）傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日時(shí)，會(huì)帶來(lái)家人團(tuán)聚。1863年，在倡導(dǎo)了17年以后，期間她曾給五位總統(tǒng)寫信，赫爾終于得償所愿。亞伯拉罕·林肯總統(tǒng)在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)期間頒布了一項(xiàng)（33公告，將這個(gè)節(jié)日時(shí)間定在十一月最后一個(gè)星期四?！皡s宣稱自己是作者。不管真正的作者是誰(shuí)，似乎這首詩(shī)是受真實(shí)事件的（34）啟發(fā)而創(chuàng)作完成的。當(dāng)1816年一頭小羊羔跟著小馬麗·索伊爾去上學(xué)時(shí)，它似乎惹了不少麻煩。一個(gè)名叫約翰·羅爾斯登的旁觀者就此事寫了首詩(shī)，1916年赫爾的侄孫女的一篇文章可信的話，赫爾（35余生都宣稱“一些人謊稱是別人寫了這首詩(shī)”。-7-選項(xiàng)歸類詞：A).I).名動(dòng)J).G).N).O).詳解詳析：2答案：詳解：空格位于名詞之后、介詞for之前。從語(yǔ)法角度進(jìn)行分析，是以that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)，該主語(yǔ)從句主謂俱全，空格所在的位置為后置定語(yǔ)部分，因此空格處很可能填入形容詞或動(dòng)詞的分詞形式。上文中提到，究竟誰(shuí)是這首兒歌的作者仍然存在爭(zhēng)議，因此此處the_______forwriting應(yīng)表示“據(jù)稱寫了這首兒歌的女子”，故答案為。在備選項(xiàng)中，僅用于名詞前，故排除。2答案：詳解：空格位于形容詞fascinating的最高級(jí)形式之后，因此應(yīng)填入可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。此處意為“據(jù)稱寫了這首兒歌的女子是美國(guó)最迷人的人物之一”，所以空格處應(yīng)填入表示“人物”的詞。故答案為備選的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式只有2答案：theauthor作者仍然存在爭(zhēng)議，可知空格處應(yīng)填入表示“據(jù)說(shuō)的，假定的”含義的詞，故答案為。2答案：詳解：空格位于不定冠詞a之后、名詞短語(yǔ)socialadvocate“社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)倡導(dǎo)者”之前，因此應(yīng)填入一個(gè)形容詞。詞，表示“狂熱的社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)倡導(dǎo)者”，故答案為。3答案：詳解：空格位于系動(dòng)詞was之后、介詞之前，構(gòu)成be...with結(jié)構(gòu)。前文提到赫爾不僅是個(gè)作家，她還是個(gè)狂熱的社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)倡導(dǎo)者，此處承接前文意思，所以空格處應(yīng)填入固定搭配，表示“對(duì)……癡迷”，故答案為。3答案：A).anationwidebegan啟了一個(gè)全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)的運(yùn)動(dòng)”，故答案為A).3答案：N).詳解：空格位于定冠詞the之后、名詞festivals“節(jié)日”之前，因此空格處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)形容詞。此處意為“慶祝這個(gè)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日”，故答案為N).3答案：詳解：空格位于不定冠詞a之后，應(yīng)填入一個(gè)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式。根據(jù)句意可知，亞伯拉罕·林肯在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)期間頒布了一項(xiàng)公告，將這個(gè)節(jié)日時(shí)間定在十一月最后一個(gè)星期四。因此答案為I).3答案：wasby乎這首詩(shī)是受真實(shí)事件的啟發(fā)而創(chuàng)作完成的”，所以答案為3答案：詳解：空格位于定冠詞the之后、介詞of之前，因此應(yīng)填入一個(gè)名詞。此處意為“赫爾余生都宣稱‘一些人謊稱是別人寫了這首詩(shī)’”，故答案為-8-SectionB全文翻譯：無(wú)水種植植物自從人類開始種植自己的食物以來(lái)，我們就面臨著無(wú)法預(yù)測(cè)的友敵：降雨。它的來(lái)去沒(méi)有太多預(yù)警，一大38糧食的安全和命運(yùn)依賴于充足的雨水，在非洲尤其如此。在那里，96%的農(nóng)田依賴于降雨，而不是較發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)常見的灌溉。其后果是：南非持續(xù)的干旱——三十年來(lái)最嚴(yán)重的一次——今年今年將導(dǎo)致至少四分之一的玉米作物受損。她正在努力尋找一種方法，從那些適應(yīng)極端干旱天氣的稀有野生植物中獲取特性，并將它隨著地球氣候的變化和某些地區(qū)的降雨量變得更加難以預(yù)測(cè)，這些答案將變得更加有價(jià)值。法蘭特說(shuō)道：“當(dāng)變得越來(lái)越干旱時(shí)，我所追求的農(nóng)業(yè)類型的確是為了讓人們能夠生存下去?！?6這些山丘是早期地質(zhì)時(shí)代的遺留物，大部分土壤已被刮光，遭受風(fēng)吹日曬。然而，在世界各地的沙漠中，這些和類似的巖層里，一些頑強(qiáng)的植物已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了在不斷變化的條件下繼續(xù)生存。法蘭特稱它們?yōu)閺?fù)蘇植物。在烈日下沒(méi)有水的月份里，它們會(huì)枯萎、萎縮至縮小，直至看起來(lái)像一堆灰色但降雨可以使它們?cè)趲仔r(shí)內(nèi)復(fù)蘇。她間歇性的拍攝的這些復(fù)蘇視頻看起來(lái)就像是有人正在倒帶播放植物的死亡。40-1許多不同種類的植物已形成耐受干旱期的策略。有些植物儲(chǔ)存水分來(lái)使它們度過(guò)干旱；另一些則把根深深地扎入地下水源。（40-2但是，一旦這些植物0.144-1）當(dāng)它們察覺(jué)到延長(zhǎng)的干旱期時(shí)，它們會(huì)改變新陳代謝，在它們的組織中產(chǎn)生糖、某些應(yīng)激相關(guān)蛋白以及其他物質(zhì)。“使表面積最小化，剩余的水正是通過(guò)植物表面蒸發(fā)掉的。（44-2它們可以從數(shù)月或數(shù)年的無(wú)水狀態(tài)中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)，這取決于具體的物種。還有什么東西能做到這種干枯又復(fù)蘇的把戲呢？種子——幾乎所有的種子。在職業(yè)生涯之初，法蘭特研究42大多數(shù)種子可以等到干旱的、不適宜生長(zhǎng)的季節(jié)結(jié)束，到條件合適，它們就會(huì)發(fā)芽。然而，一旦開始生長(zhǎng)，這些植物似乎就不再具有暫停其莖葉新陳代謝的能力。37完成與種子有關(guān)的博士學(xué)位后，法蘭特開始研究是否有可能分離出使大多數(shù)種子如此迅速恢復(fù)活力的在過(guò)去的二十年里，法蘭克和其他人所發(fā)現(xiàn)的是，有很多基因參與了復(fù)蘇植一組主導(dǎo)基因調(diào)控的，”法蘭特說(shuō)道。“我們正在研究基因啟動(dòng)子以及什么會(huì)是它們的主開關(guān)。”I)她表示自己意識(shí)到很多人農(nóng)民和消費(fèi)者都可以選擇是否使用任何一種盛行的版本：“我正在給人們一個(gè)選擇。”J)研究人員在試驗(yàn)田測(cè)試他們的想法——目前大部分是在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里完成的。-9-首先理解基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)是關(guān)鍵。已有充分的理由可以說(shuō)明農(nóng)作物為什么不使用干旱防御。例如，從常規(guī)的新陳法蘭特說(shuō)道：“產(chǎn)量永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)很高”，因此這些植物針對(duì)的不是試圖從高產(chǎn)農(nóng)田中榨取更多金錢“我的愿景是幫助維持生計(jì)的農(nóng)民，”法蘭特說(shuō)道?！拔业哪繕?biāo)是具有非洲價(jià)值的農(nóng)作物?！痹斀庠斘觯?ThereareacoupleofplantstoughandExtremeconditionsproduceextremelytoughplants.IntherustyadaptableenoughsurviveonbarerockyhillsreddesertsofSouthAfrica,steep-sidedrockyhillscalledinselbergsanddeserts.rearupfromtheplainslikethebonesoftheearth.Thehillsareremnantsofanearliergeologicalera,scrapedbareofmostsoiland光禿禿的巖石山丘和沙漠中生存。exposedtotheelements.ontheseandsimilarformationsindesertstoughandadaptablebarearoundtheworld,afewfierceplantshaveadaptedtoendureunderrockyhills和deserts定位到原文畫線處。ever-changingconditions.C段最后兩句提到，這些山丘是早期地質(zhì)時(shí)代的遺留物，大部分土壤已被刮光，遭受風(fēng)吹日曬。然而，在世Thehills指代上一句中的steep-sidedrockyhillstough對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的fiercesurvive對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的endure，答案為。37.FarranttryingtoisolateAftercompletingherPh.onseeds,Farrantbeganinvestigatingwhethertgenesinresurrectionplantsandreproducethemcrops.譯文：法蘭特試圖分離復(fù)蘇植物中的基因，并將起復(fù)制到農(nóng)作物上。mightbepossibletoisolatethepropertiesthatseedssoresilient(迅速恢復(fù)活力的)andtransferthemotherplanttissues.WhatFarrantandothershavefoundoverthepastdecadesthattherearegenesinvolvedresurrectionplants'responsedryness.Manyofthemarethethatregulatehowseedsdryness-tolerantwhileattachedtheirparentplants.Nowtheyaretryingfigureoutwhatmolecularsignalingprocessesactivatethoseseed-buildinggenesinresurrectionplants—andhowreproducethemcrops."Mostgenesareregulatedbyamastersetofgenes,"Farrant定位：由題干關(guān)鍵詞Farrant、isolategenes和reproducethemcrops定位到原文畫線處。says."We'relookingatgenepromotersandwhatwouldbetheirmasterswitch."H段第一句提到，完成與種子有關(guān)的博士學(xué)位后，法蘭特開始研究是否有可能分離出使大多數(shù)種子如此迅速isolategenes對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的isolatethepropertiesreproducethemcrops對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的transferthemotherplanttissues，故答案為H。38.FarmersinSouthAfricaaremore[Eversincehumanitybegantofarmourownfood,we'vefacedtheunpredictablerainthatbothfriendandcomesandgoeswithoutmuchwarning,andafieldoflush(茂盛的)leafygreensoneyearcandryupandblowawaythenext.Foodsecurityandfortunesdependonsufficientatthemercyofnature,especiallyinconsistentrainfall.的影響，尤其是變化無(wú)常的降雨。定位：由題干關(guān)鍵詞SouthAfrica、moreattheofnature和inconsistentrainfall定位到原文畫線處。rain,andnowheresothanAfrica,where96%offarmlanddependsonraininsteadoftheirrigationcommonmoredevelopedplaces.Ithasconsequences:SouthAfrica'songoingdrought—theworstthreedecades—costatleastaquarterofitscomcropthis詳解：A段第三句提到，糧食安全和命運(yùn)依賴于充足的雨水，在非洲尤其如此。在那里，96%農(nóng)田依賴于降雨，而易受到不穩(wěn)定降雨的影響。題干中的moreattheof對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的moreso；inconsistentrainfall對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的ongoingdroughtA。39.Resurrectioncropsaremost[K].UnderstandingthebasicsciencefirstTherearegoodreasonswhycroplikelybethechoiceofplantsdonotusedrynessdefensesForinstance,there'sacost-10-subsistencefarmers.譯文：復(fù)蘇農(nóng)作物最有可能成necessaryunderstandwhatsortofyieldfarmersmightexpectandestablishthe為維持生計(jì)的農(nóng)民的選擇。plant's"Theyieldnevergoingbehigh,"Farrantsays,sotheseplantsbe定位：由題干關(guān)鍵詞notatfarmerstryingsqueezemorecashResurrectioncropsoutofhigh-yieldfields,butsubsistencefarmerswhoneedhelpsurviveadroughtlikesubsistencefarmers定位原文thepresentoneSouthAfrica."visionforthesubsistenceFarrant畫線處。says."I'mcropsthatareofAfricanvalue.switchingfromaregularmetabolismanalmost-no-watermetabolism.Italsobe和K段提到，法蘭克說(shuō)道：“產(chǎn)量永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)很高”，因此這些植物針對(duì)的不是試圖從高產(chǎn)農(nóng)田中榨取更多金錢theseplants指代上一段中的resurrectionplants；題干中的aremostlikelybethechoiceof對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的benotat...but...，故答案為K。40.EventhoughplantshaveThebigdifferencebetween"drought-tolerant"plantsandthesetoughdevelopedvarioustacticstocopedryplants:metabolism.Manydifferentkindsofplantshavedevelopedtacticsotheycannotprolongeddrought.surviveaweatherdryspells.Someplantsstorereservesofwaterseethemthroughadrought;otherssendrootsdeepdownsubsurfacewatersupplies.Butonce譯文：盡管許多植物已形成各種應(yīng)對(duì)干theseplantsuseuptheirstoredreserveortapouttheunderground,旱天氣的策略，但它們無(wú)法熬過(guò)長(zhǎng)期干theyceasegrowingandstartdie.Theymaybeablehandleadroughtoflength,andpeopleusetheterm"droughttolerant"describesuch定位：由題干關(guān)鍵詞havedevelopedplants,buttheyneveractuallystopneedingsoFarrantvarioustactics和copedryweather定preferscallthemdroughtresistant.位到原文畫線處。詳解：E段第二句提到，許多不同種類的植物已形成耐受干旱期的策略。然后第四句以But開頭，表明句意發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)干旱，這些植物也會(huì)因缺水而死亡。題干中的copedryweather對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的weatherdryspells；cannotsurvive對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的ceasegrowingandstartdie，故答案為E。41.Despiteconsumerresistance,researchers[I].OnceFarrantandhercolleaguesfeeltheyhaveabettersenseofarepushingaheadgeneticmodificationwhichswitchestheyhavefindthebestwaydosoofcrops.usefulcrops."I'mtryingthreemethodsofbreeding,"Farrant:譯文：盡管受到消費(fèi)者的抵制，研究人員仍conventional,geneticmodificationaridgeneediting.Sheshes在推進(jìn)轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物。awarethatplentyofpeopledonotwanteatgeneticallymodified定位：由題干關(guān)鍵詞pushingahead和crops,butshepushingaheadeveryavailabletooluntilonegeneticmodificationofcrops定位到原文畫works.Farmersandconsumerscanchoosewhetherornotuse線處。whicheverversionprevailsgivingpeopleanoption."詳解：I段提到，法蘭特表示自己意識(shí)到很多人不想吃轉(zhuǎn)基因作物，但她正在推進(jìn)每種可用的工具，直到其中一種consumerresistance對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的plentyofpeopledonotwanteat；geneticmodificationofcrops對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的geneticallymodifiedcrops，故答案為I。4Mostseedscanpullthroughdryspells[Whatelsecandothisdry-out-and-revivetrick?Seeds-almostallofthestartofherFarrantstudied.recalcitrantseeds(執(zhí)拗性種子),"suchasavocados,coffeeandlychee.Whiletasty,suchseedsaredelicate--theycannotbudandiftheydryout(asmayknowyou'veevertriedatreefromanavocadopit).Intheseedworld,thatmakesthemrare,becausemostseedsfromfloweringplantsarequiterobust.Mostseedscanwaitouttheunwelcomingseasonsuntilconditionsarerightandtheysprout(發(fā)芽).oncetheystartgrowing,suchplantsseemnotretaintheabilityhitthepausebuttononmetabolismintheirorleaves.andbegingrowingwhenconditionsareripe,butoncethisprocessstarts,cannotbeheldback.譯文：大多數(shù)種子可以熬過(guò)干旱期，并在條件成熟時(shí)開始生長(zhǎng)，但該過(guò)程一旦開始，就無(wú)法被阻止。定位：由題干關(guān)鍵詞Mostseeds、pullthroughdryspellsconditionsareripe和heldback定位到原文畫線處。G段提到，大多數(shù)種子可以等到干旱的、不適宜生長(zhǎng)的季節(jié)結(jié)束，到條件適合，它們就會(huì)發(fā)芽。然而，一旦pullthroughdryspells對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的wait-11-outtheunwelcomingseasons;heldback對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的hitthepausebutton,故答案為G。FarrantisworkinghardtocultivatefoodcropsBiologistFarrantoftheUniversityofCapeSouththatcallsurviveextremedrynessbystudyingtheAfricathatnaturehasplentyofanswersforpeoplewhowanttraitsofrareplants.cropsplacesunpredictablerainfall.Shehardat4譯文：法蘭特正通過(guò)研究稀有野生植物的特性，workfindingawaytraitsfromrareplantsthatadapto努力培育能夠在極度干旱中存活下來(lái)的糧食作extremedryweatherandusethemfoodcrops.theearth'sclimatechangesandrainfallbecomesevenlesspredictable定位：由題干關(guān)鍵詞foodcrops、surviveextremeplaces,thoseanswersevenmorevaluable."Theofdryness和thetraitsofrareplants定位到原文farmingaimingforliterallysothatpeoplecansurviveas畫線處。goingmoreandmoresays.B段提到，她正在努力尋找一種方法，從那些適應(yīng)極端干旱天氣的稀有野生植物中獲得特性，并將它們用作She指代段首的Farrantworkinghard對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的hardatsurviveextremedryness對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的adaptextremedryweather，故答案為。4adjustingtheirResurrectionplants,definedasthosecapableofrecoveringfromholdinglessthanmetabolism,resurrection0.1ofwaterperofdryaredifferent.Theylackwater-storingplantscanrecoverfromanextendedperiodofdrought.譯文：通過(guò)調(diào)整新陳代謝，復(fù)蘇植物可以從延長(zhǎng)的干旱期中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)。structures,andtheirexistenceonrockfacespreventsthemfromtappinggroundwater,sotheyhaveinsteaddevelopedtheabilitytochangetheirmetabolism.Whentheydetectanextendeddryperiod,theydiverttheirmetabolisms,producingsugarsandcertainstress-associatedproteinsandothermaterialstheirtissues.theplantdries,theseresourcesonfirstthepropertiesofhoney,定位：由題干關(guān)鍵詞adjustingtheirmetabolism、recoverfromanextendedperiodofdrought定位到原文畫線處。thenrubber,andfinallyenteraglass-likestatethatis"themoststablestatethattheplantcanmaintain,"Farrantsays.Thatslowsthep