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專攻解題方法與技巧外研新教材必修第三冊Unit3拓展閱讀1AIHelpsPromoteMaterialScience【導讀】眾所周知,材料科學與我們的生活息息相關。人工智能和材料科學的結合,能給材料科學的研究帶來怎樣的變化?該文涉及的主題語境:“人與社會”——“科技發(fā)展與信息技術創(chuàng)新”。ArtificialIntelligence(AI)couldhelppromotethedevelopmentofmaterialscienceandacceleratetheinventionofnewmaterials,accordingtoChineseexperts.ManycoretechnologiesthatneedbreakthroughsinChinaarerelatedtothematerialscience,andAIcouldhelpintheseareas,ZhaoZhongxian,anacademicianoftheChineseAcademyofSciences(CAS),whowonChina’stopscienceaward,saidatascienceforumopenedinDongguan,GuangdongProvince.Traditionalmethodsformaterialcompositionanalysisaretime-consuming(耗時的,曠日持久的)andexpensive.Ittakesanaverageof10yearsforalaboratorytodevelopnewmaterialsand20yearsformassproduction(批量生產,大規(guī)模生產).WithAItechnology,thedevelopmentandapplicationcycleofnewmaterialsisexpectedtobeshortenedbymorethanhalf.WangWeihuafromtheInstituteofPhysicsunderCASsaidAIischangingthewaynewmaterialsarediscovered.Throughmachinelearningofmaterialdata,AIcouldoutperform(勝過)manymaterialscientistsandmakeamoreefficientpredictionofnewmaterials.ThefastdevelopmentofAIalsoneedssupportfromthematerialscience.Withemergingintelligentrobots,wearablemedicaldevicesandIoTsystems(物聯(lián)網系統(tǒng)),futuresmartsensorswillrequiregoodsensitivity,flexibility,andstability,whichputsnewdemandsonmaterials.AIandmaterialsciencearecloselyrelated,andmaterialresearchcouldofferasolutionforAI-relatedsensitivecomponents,Zhaosaid.2AmazingusesofVR語篇導讀:
VR技術已經漸漸走入人們的生活,也慢慢地向不同的領域發(fā)展。讓我們一起看看VR技術到底有哪些妙用吧!Virtualreality(VR)technologyholdsalotofpossibilitiestochangethefutureforanumberoffields,likemedicine,business,andsoon.Tohelpparaplegics(癱患者)regaintheirabilitiesAyear-longstudydonebyDukeUniversitydiscoveredhugebenefitsofvirtualrealitytechnologyforparaplegics.PatientswearingVRheadsetstaskedtomovethroughaplaygroundasasoccerplayerwereabletoregainsomebrainfunctions(功能).Oftheeightpatientstested,eachregainedsomecontrolandfourweregettingbetterfromfullparaplegicstopartialparaplegics.Tohelpchildrenandteenswithautism(自閉癥)developsocialskillsProfessorsattheUniversityofTexasinDallashavecreatedaprogramthatusesvirtualrealitytohelpchildrenwithautismdevelopsocialskills.Puttingkids,teensandyoungadultsinsocialsituations,theylearnhowtoactproperly.Bymonitoringbrainwaves,professorsnoticedincreasedactivityinareasconnectedtosocialunderstanding.TotestcarsafetyVRgivescarengineerstheabilitytotestthesafetyofcarsinavirtualsettingbeforeactuallyputtingthemintomarkets.Asidefromthebuildingprocess,largecarcompaniessuchasFord,VolvoandHyundaiusevirtualrealityinsalesaswellbyhavingcustomersuseaVRheadsettotestdrivecars.ToplanyournextvacationYou’llsoonbeableto
“trybeforeyoufly”
destinationsthroughvirtualreality.Travelerslookingtobooktheirnexttripcanobserve(觀察)adestination,hotelorcitytoseewhatithastooffer.Forexample,peopleinaU.K.mallwereabletoexperienceahelicopterflightaroundNewYorkCity.TohelpinbusinessBusinessesarebeginningtouseVRinanumberofways:todecreasecosts,lessenbusinesstravel,givetours,andholdmeetings.BusinessesthathavedangerousproductsorareintheearlystagesareusingVRtotestsafetywithoutriskingthehealthofworkers.
From:
3Coolinventions一起來看看這些最新的高科技產品。BootsthatchargephoneYoujustsawawonderfulmovieandhavegottocallyourbestfriendtotalkaboutit.Butasyou’rewalkinghomefromthetheater,yourealizeyourcellphoneisdead.Soyouputitintoyourbootandwalkfaster.That’stheconcept(概念)behindtheOrangePowerWellies:bootsthatchargeyourphone.Yourfeetproduceheatasyouwalk.Thewarmeryourfeetandthecoldertheground,themorepoweryouproduce.Sokeepwalking—it’llkeepyouandyourphonegoing.River-cleaningboatItmayfloat,butthisisnotyourordinaryboat.Thetranslucent(半透明的)Physalia(justaconceptnow)isafloatingmuseumandresearchlab.Itstask:tomaketheplanetgreener.How?Asitmovesacrossadirtyriver,theriverwaterispumpedtoPhysalia’srooftopgarden.Plantsfilter(過濾)andpurify(凈化)thewater,whichthenflowsbackintotheriver.Theboatpowersitself;solarpanelsontopgetenergyfromthesunwhilethemovingwaterunderneathischangedintoelectricity.Astheboat’sscientistsstudytheriver’secosystem,visitorsjumpaboardtoviewexhibitsandrelax.Penthatlistens
Don’tworryifyourhandcan’tkeepupwithyourearsinclass.Thisspecialpen,thePulse,hasyoucovered.Takenotesjustasyouwouldwitharegularpen.ButthePulseissmarterthanthat.Itnotonlyrecordstheentirelesson,butalsoknowsexactlywhensomethingwassaid.Soifyoujustwanttoreplayonepartofclass,simplytapyourpenonthatspotinyourhandwrittennotes,andthePulseplaysbacksoundfromtheexactmomentyoustartedtodaydreamaboutbreaks.Youwriteonspecialpaperfeaturingrecord,playback,andvolumebuttonsatthebottom.Thepaper,alongwithatinycameraputinthepen,helpsthePulseworkoutwhichaudiogoeswitheachpartofthewriting.ThePulseisonecleverclasscompanion.4Robotsplayinthefutureoffarming語篇導讀:水果采摘器、除草機、無人機和機械服等高科技農業(yè)設備將助力未來農業(yè)的高效運作。Withthecomplexdatacollectingfacilitiesoftoday’sworld,agricultureisinahigh-techrevolution.Inthisagriculturalrevolution,thereareplentyofmind-blowinginventions.Herearefourdifferenttypesofroboticsindevelopmentoralreadyhardatworkinthefields.FruitPickersThetraditionalviewofrobotsisthatthey’recertainlynotsmartenoughtogentlypickastrawberry,right?However,that’sexactlywhatBelgiancompanyOctinion’sRubionrobotcando.TheRubionrobotusesaspecialsystemtodetectwhenastrawberryisripeandpicksitwithasoft3D-printedhand.Weed(雜草)PullersInafarmer’sperfectworld,therewouldbenoweeds.TheCalifornia-basedteam
FarmWisetrainedmachine-learningcamerasusingmillionsofimagessothattherobotcandifferentiatebetweencropsandweeds.Therobotistrainedtoidentifythecenterofeachcropsoitdoesn’tdisturbitsgrowthwhenitgoesintoweed.Drones(無人機)Dronesaren’texactlynewtofarming.Majorusesfordronesrightnowinclude3D-imaging,map-buildingandcrop-monitoring(監(jiān)控).Wilmington,Delaware-basedCortevaAgriscience’sDroneDeployprogramsendsoutdronestodetectdiseasesofcrops.PrecisionHawk,adroneanddatacompany,notesthatitcantake11hourstosample(取樣)anacreofcropsonfoot.Theypromise,“Withtheirbird’s-eyeviewandadvancedsensors,adronecangatherdataon500to1,000acresinlessthanaday.”FarmingExoskeletons(外骨骼)Farmersaresuperheroes,butthoseheroesaregettingolder.Theaverageageofafarmerisnow50to58yearsold,accordingtothe2012USDA(TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture)researchofagriculture.AteamofengineersatVirginiaTechisworkingonlightweight,easy-to-useexosuitsthateasepressureonafarmer’skneesandback.Thehopeisthatfarmerswillusethetechwhentheyare,say,intheir50s,sothattheycanagelesspainfullyintotheir60sandretire,explainsVirginiaTechengineerAlexanderLeonessa.5SchoolingAISummoningtheDemon?人工智能如何造福課堂?關鍵在于目的和手段。In2014,ElonMusk,founderofTeslaandSpaceX,said,
“Withartificialintelligence,wearesummoningthedemon(召喚惡魔).”Heandothershavebeencallingforincreasedcautionandregulation(管控)ofAItechnologydevelopmentintheUnitedStates.Inthemeantime,facialrecognitionandotherAIsystemshavequicklybecomewidespreadin
China.Totakeanexample,atmanylargetouristattractions,visitors’facesare
recognized
toautomatically(自動地)openagate.AItechnologyhasalsomadeitswayintoschools.Mostrecently,ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversity(中國藥科大學)inNanjing,Jiangsuprovince,ispiloting(試行)
afacialrecognitionsystemintwoclassrooms.Itissaidthatthesystemcantellifstudentsarelistening,counthowmanytimestheyraisetheirheads,orrecognizeiftheyareplayingontheirphonesorfallingasleep.Lastyearatahighschoolin
Hangzhou,anothersystemwasableto
identify
uptosevendifferentemotionsofstudentsbyanalyzingtheirfacialexpressions.Ifthesystemthinksthatastudentis
distracted,itwillremindtheteachertotakeaction.Noteveryoneagreesthatsuchprogramsareagoodidea.Infact,thesesystemsarestartingtobeusedeventhoughthereisn’tenoughdatayettotelliftheyareeffective.Ifclassroommanagementisreallysuchaburden,isfacialrecognitiontechthebestsolution?Canthesystema
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