英語(yǔ)句子成分和英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)2021/5/911.主語(yǔ)（subject）：句子說(shuō)明的人或事物。

Thesunrisesintheeast（名詞）

Helikesdancing.（代詞）

Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(數(shù)詞)

Seeingisbelieving.（動(dòng)名詞）

Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）

Whatheneedsisabook.（主語(yǔ)從句）

Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.

（It形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句是真正主語(yǔ)）2021/5/92(一）指出下列句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.2021/5/93謂語(yǔ)（predicate）：是對(duì)主語(yǔ)加以陳述，表示主語(yǔ)的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動(dòng)詞或者動(dòng)詞詞組擔(dān)任，放在主語(yǔ)的后面。WestudyEnglish.

Heisasleep.(二).選出句中謂語(yǔ)的中心詞①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.

A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer2021/5/94③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?

A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon2021/5/953.賓語(yǔ)：1）動(dòng)賓表示行為的對(duì)象，常由名詞或者代詞擔(dān)任。放在及物動(dòng)詞或者介詞之后。如：IlikeChina.（名詞）

Hehatesyou.（代詞）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（數(shù)詞）Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（動(dòng)名詞）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）

Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（賓語(yǔ)從句）2021/5/962）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞-----介賓

Areyouafraidofthesnake?

Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.

3）雙賓語(yǔ)-----間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）Hegaveme

abookyesterday.

Givethepoorman

somemoney2021/5/97(四)劃出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)①M(fèi)ybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?2021/5/98劃出句中的直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?2021/5/995.賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Weelectedhimmonitor.

（名詞）

Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名詞）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容詞）Wefoundnobodyin.(副詞)2021/5/910Pleasemakeyourselfathome.（介詞短語(yǔ)）Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（帶to不定式）Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（現(xiàn)在分詞）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（過(guò)去分詞）2021/5/911(五)劃出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.⑥D(zhuǎn)idyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?2021/5/9123.表語(yǔ)（predicative）：系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。Heisateacher.

（名詞）

Fiveandfiveisten.（數(shù)詞）

Heisasleep.

（形容詞）Hisfatherisin.（副詞）

Thepictureisonthewall.

(介詞短語(yǔ))Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.

（形容詞化的分詞）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（（表語(yǔ)從句）2021/5/913（常見的系動(dòng)詞有:be,sound（聽起來(lái)）,look（看起來(lái)）,feel(摸起來(lái))，smell（聞起來(lái)）,taste（嘗、吃起來(lái)）,remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感覺），become,turn,get,grow…Itsoundsagoodidea.

Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.

Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.

Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.

NowIfeeltired.2021/5/914(三)挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ)①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.

②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.

④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.2021/5/9156.定語(yǔ)：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。Yanlingisachemistryteacher.（名詞）Heisourfriend.（代詞）Webelongtothethirdworld.（數(shù)詞）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容詞）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副詞)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介詞)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（過(guò)去分詞）Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定語(yǔ)從句）2021/5/916(六)挑出下列句中的定語(yǔ)①Whatisyourgivenname?②OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.③ItalkedwithamendressedinblueT-shirt.④Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.2021/5/9177.狀語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。（以下例句按上述順序排列）Iwillgotheretomorrow.

Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.

HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.

Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.

Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.2021/5/9