2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-四川大學(xué)考試歷年真題摘選含答案解析第1卷一.綜合題(共15題)1.單選題Thepotentialofcomputersforincreasingthecontroloforganizationsorsocietyovertheirmembersandforinvadingtheprivacyofthosemembershascausedconsiderableconcern.Theprivacyissuehasbeenraisedmostinsistentlywithrespecttothecreationandmaintenanceofdatafilesthatassembleinformationaboutpersonsfromamultitudeofsources.FilesofthiskindwouldbeKighlyvaluableformanykindsofeconomicandsocialresearch,buttheyareboughtattoohighapriceiftheyendangerhumanfreedomorseriouslyenhancetheiropportunitiesofblackmailers.Whilesuchdangersshouldnotbeignored,itshouldbenotedthatthelackofcomprehensivedatafileshasneverbeforebeenthelimitingbarriertothesuppressionofhumanfreedom.Makingthecomputerthevillainintheinvasionofprivacyorencroachmentoncivillibertiessimplydiversattentionfromtherealdangers.Computerdatabankfilescanandmustbegiventhehighestdegreeofprotectionformabuse.Butwemustbecarefulalso,thatwedonotemploysuchcrudemethodsofprotectionastodepriveoursocietyofimportantdataitneedstounderstanditsdownsocialprocessesandtoanalyzeitsproblems.Perhapsthemostimportantquestionofallaboutthecomputeriswhatithascomeandwilldotoman,viewofhimselfandhisplaceintheuniverse.Themostheatedattacksonthecomputerarenotfocusedonitspossibleeconomiceffects,itspresumeddestructionofjobsatisfaction,oritsthreattoprivacyandliberty，butupontheclaimthatitcausespeopletobeviewed,andtoviewthemselves,asmachines.Whatthecomputerandprogressinartificialintelligencechallengeareanethicthatrestsonman'sapartnessfromtherestofnature.Analternativeethic,ofcourse,viewsmanasapartofnature,governedbynaturelaw,subjecttotheforcesofgravityandthedemandsofhisbody.Thedebateaboutartificialintelligenceandthesimulationofman'sthinkingis,inconsiderablepart,aconfrontationofthesetwoviewsofman'splaceintheuniverse.1.Whyisitimportanttopreventtheabuseofcomputerdatabands?2.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutdatefiles?3.Toomuchcautionintheuseofcomputerswill______..4.Whatlessonscanbelearnedfromthepastinthisdecade?5.Thearrivalofthecomputerhasmademan______.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.Toprotecttherightoftheindividual.B.Tomaintaindisciplineinsociety.C.Toencourageeconomicandsocialresearch.D.Tocollectwide-ranginginformation.問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.Itmaycauseinvasionofprivacy.B.Dangerscausedbyitshouldbepaidmuchattentionto.C.Computerdatafilesshouldbeprotectedfromabuse.D.Itisreasonabletocanceldatafilesinordertoprotectprivacy.問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.preventthesolutionofeconomicproblemsB.causemoresuppressionofhumanfreedomC.leadtoclumsymethodsofprotectionD.interferewithourstudyofsociety問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.Privateissuehasalwaysbeenassociatedwithdatacollection.B.Attacksonfreedomarenew.C.Theaccumulationofdataencouragesoppression.D.Privacyhasbeenaneglectedissue.問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.havemoredifficultyunderstandinghimselfB.thinkmorelikeamachineC.lookathimselfinadifferentwayD.gainlesssatisfactionfromhiswork2.單選題Thequalitiesofmyhometown,（）onmeasaboy,hadaprofoundeffectonthephilosophythatdirectedmycareer.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.havingimpressedB.impressedC.impressingD.tobeimpressed3.單選題InNovember1987thegovernment（）apublicdebateonthefuturedirectionoftheofficialsportspolicy.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.initiatedB.designedC.inducedD.promoted4.單選題Accordingtothelawwhichhelaterproduced,everythingintheuniverseattractseverythingelsetowards（）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.itB.everythingC.itselfD.each5.翻譯題Arecentphenomenoninthechoiceofcareersonthepartofthecollegegraduatesistheincreasingtrendtowardsbigcompanies.Fewareinterestedinresearchfields.Thisisanunavoidableprobleminamaterialisticsociety,wheretemptingsalariesandfringebenefitsareofferedbybigcompaniestocompetewitheachothertorecruitstudentsbeforetheyhavecompletedtheirstudies.Ontheotherhand,asmanybigenterprisesandevengovernmentdepartmentstendtoconcentrateonimmediateeconomicresultsandshowcomparativelylittleinterestinlongrangeresearch,thereisasteadyshiftofscientistsandresearchersfromthepureresearchtotheappliedfield,wheretherearemorejobsavailablewithbettersalaries.Allthishasnotonlyseriouslyinfluencedyoungpeople’sviewonthechoiceofcareers,butoneducationaswell.Manycollegeteachersdeplorethatfewerandfewerstudentsthesedaysacquireknowledge.6.單選題Weknowverylittleaboutpainandwhatwedon’tknowmakesithutallthemore.Indeed,noformofilliteracyintheUnitedStatesissowidespreadorcostlyasignoranceaboutpainwhatitis,whatcausesit,howtodealwithitwithoutpanic.Almosteveryonecanrattleoffnamesofatleastadozendrugsthatcandeadenpainfromeveryconceivablecauseallthewayfromheadachestohemorrhoids.Thereisfarlessknowledgeaboutthefactthatabout90percentofpainisself-limiting,thatitisnotalwaysanindicationofpoorhealth,andthat,mostfrequently,itistheresultoftension,stress,worry,idleness,boredom,frustration,suppressedrage,insufficientsleep,overeating,poorlybalanceddiet,smoking,excessivedrinking,inadequateexercise,staleair,oranyoftheotherabusesencounteredbythehumanbodyinmodernsociety.Themostignoredfactofallaboutpainisthatthebestwaytoeliminateitistoeliminatetheabuse.Instead,manypeoplereachalmostinstinctivelyforthepainkillers—aspirins,barbiturates,codeines,tranquilizers,sleepingpills,anddozensofotheranalgesicsordesensitizingdrugs.Mostdoctorsareprofoundlytroubledovertheextenttowhichthemedicalprofessiontodayistakingonthetrappingsofapain-killingindustry.Theirofficesareoverloadedwithpeoplewhoaremorbidlybutmistakenlyconvincedthatsomethingdreadfulisabouttohappentothem.Itisalltooevidentthatthecampaigntogetpeopletorunforadoctoratthefirstsignofpainhasboomeranged.Physiciansfinditdifficulttogiveadequateattentiontopatientsgenuinelyinneedofexpertdiagnosisandtreatmentbecausetheirtimeissoakedupbypeoplewhohavenothingwrongwiththemexceptatemporaryindispositionorapsychogenicache.Patientstendtofeelindignant,andinsultedifthephysiciantellsthemhecanfindnoorganiccauseforthepain.Theytendtointerprettheterm“psychogenic”tomeanthattheyarecomplainingofnonexistentsymptoms.Theyneedtobeeducatedaboutthefactthatmanycasesofpainhavenounderlyingphysicalcausebutaretheresult,asmentionedearlier,oftension,stress,orhostilefactorsinthegeneralenvironment.Sometimesapainmaybeamanifestationof“conversionhysteria”,thenamegivenbyJeanCharcottophysicalsymptomsthathavetheiroriginsinemotionaldisturbances.Obviously,itisfollyforanindividualtoignoresymptomsthatcouldbeawarningofapotentiallyseriousillness.Somepeoplearesoterrifiedofgettingbadnewsfromadoctorthattheyallowtheirmalaisetoworsen,sometimespastthepointofnoreturn.Totalneglectisnottheanswertohypochondria.Theyonlyanswerhastobeincreasededucationaboutthewaythehumanbodyworks,sothatmorepeoplewillbeabletosteeranintelligentcoursebetweenpromiscuouspillpoppingandirresponsibledisregardofgenuinesymptoms.Ofallformsofpain,noneismoreimportantfortheindividualtounderstandthanthe“threshold”variety.Almosteveryonehasatelltaleachethatistriggeredwhenevertensionorfatiguereachesacertainpoint,itcantaketheformofamigrainetypeheadacheorasqueezingpaindeepintheabdomenorcrampsorevenpaininthejoints.Theindividualwhohaslearnedhowtomakethecorrelationbetweensuchthresholdpainsandtheircausedoesn’tpanicwhentheyoccur,heorshedoessomethingaboutrelievingthestressandtension.Ifthepainpersistsdespitetheabsenceofapparentsymptoms,theindividualwilltelephonethedoctor.1.Whatdoesthesentence“Itisalltooevident…”(Paragraph4)mean?2.ahypochondriaissomeonewho_____.3.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat_____.4.Theyauthorwrotethisarticleto_____.5.Whatdoestheword“telltale”(Paragraph7)mean?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.Itisobviouslytruethatpeopleshouldconsultadoctorassoonastheyfeelpain.B.Itisuselesstoaskpeopletoseekadvicefromdoctorstheminutetheyfeelpainful.C.Thesuggestionthatpeoplegotoseeadoctorimmediatelyiftheyfeelpainhassomebadeffect.D.Thecampaignagainstpainwillbelostifpeopledon’tgotoseeadoctorwhentheyfeelpain.問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.ignoresdoctor’sadviceandwarningsB.isafraidofgoingtoseedoctorsC.alwayscomplainabouthavingsymptomsthatdon’tactuallyexistD.alwaystelltalespain-killers問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.mostcaresofpainarecausedbyhysteriaB.ifapainisn’torganic,it’sverylikelytobepsychogenicC.pain-killingindustrywon’tbeencouragedinthefutureD.doctorsseldomprescribepain-killerstopatients問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.explainhowpain-killersworkB.callforunderstandingbetweendoctorsandpatientsC.illustratetheharmoftakingtoomuchpain-killersD.teachtherightattitudetopain問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.notobviousB.scaryC.notpreciseD.gorgeous7.單選題Justasabookisoftenjudged（）bythequalityandappearanceofitscover,apersonisjudgedimmediatelybyhisappearance.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.previouslyB.uniquelyC.outwardlyD.initially8.單選題Theexplorerlosthiswaysoheclimbedtothetopofthehillto（）himself.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.spotB.situateC.placeD.locate9.單選題Talkingaboutthatisuseless,（）isfamiliartome.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.whichfactB.thefactofwhichC.itsfactD.thatfact10.單選題AreweatthebeginningofanotherAgeofExploration?Perhapsevenmoreimportant,areweatthebeginningof（1）AgeofColonization?Asthepopulationoftheworldincreasestowardsthepoint（2）theearthcannolongersupportallthepeople（3）onit,thesecondquestionbecomesurgent.Willwediscoveranewworld,（4）Columbusdid,onwhichhumanlifewillbepossible?Atthispointinthespaceage,noonecanreallyanswerthesequestions.Wecansay,（5）,thatwewillnotseetomorrowthekindofspacetravelthat（6）fictionandthemovieshaveshown.Itwillbealongtimebeforewehaveflightthatrun（7）tohumancoloniesonthemoonorononeoftheplanets.Wearenotevengoingtobeableto（8）immediateadvantagesofthemineralsthatwemayfindontheplanets（9）ourownsolarsystem.Greatproblemsmustbesolved（10）wecouldsendcolonistsoutintospace.Thedistancesthatmustbe（11）andthelengthoftimeittakestodothatcanhardlybe（12）.Therearealsodangersthatwestilldonotreallyunderstand—fromradiation.Forexample,orfrompiecesofmatter（13）inspace,orfromcontaminationfromformsoflifethatmight（14）there.Thereisalsoneedforhumanstotaketheirownenvironmentintospace（15）them.Sofarno“island”hasbeendiscoveredinspaceonwhichpeoplecanexistwithoutsystemsthat（16）life,andthesesystemsmustaccompanyanyfuturespace（17）.Finally,onthemastpractical（18）,therehastobetheenormousexpense（19）inspaceexploration.TheUSandRussiangovernmentshavealreadyspentbillionsofdollarsforprojects（20）whichtheycanreceivereturnonlyinknowledgeandnotinmoney.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.anotherB.anC.theD.one問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.whichB.whenC.whereD.whether問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.inhabitedB.crowdedC.borneD.rushed問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.likeB.whatC.asD.such問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.howeverB.moreoverC.otherwiseD.therefore問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)A.ethicalB.scienceC.affectionalD.action問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)A.punctuallyB.permanentlyC.temporarilyD.regularly問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)A.getB.takeC.gainD.make問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)A.fromB.inC.onD.with問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)A.afterB.tillC.beforeD.until問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)A.coveredB.doneC.endedD.finished問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)A.imaginedB.imaginableC.imaginaryD.imaginative問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)A.outB.overC.fromD.above問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)A.reviveB.existC.surviveD.live問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)A.aroundB.amongC.acrossD.with問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)A.supportB.handleC.provideD.invade問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)A.touristsB.pilotsC.travelersD.invaders問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)A.gradeB.levelC.pointD.standard問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)A.involvedB.investedC.concernedD.budgeted問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)A.fromB.towardC.ontoD.with11.單選題Theovercrowdedlivingconditions（）aheavystrainonthefamily.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.setB.putC.madeD.pressed12.單選題Amongthemanywaysinwhichpeoplecommunicatethroughspeech,publicspeakinghasprobablyreceivedmorestudyandattractedmoreattentionthananyother.Politicianscampaigningforpublicoffice，salespeoplepresentingproducts,andpreachersdeliveringsermonsalldependuponthisformofpubliccommunication.Evenpeoplewhodonotmakespeakingapartoftheirdailyworkareoftenaskedtomakepublicspeeches:studentsatgraduation,forinstance,ormembersofchurches,clubs,orotherorganizations.Nearlyeveryonespeaksinpublicatsometimeorother,andthosewhoperformthetaskwelloftenbecomeleaders.Therearemanyreasonsforspeakinginpublic.Apublicspeakermayhopetoteachanaudienceaboutnewideas,forexample,orprovideinformationaboutsometopic.Creatingagoodfeelingorentertaininganaudiencemaybeanotherpurpose.Publicspeakers,however,mostoftenseektopersuadeanaudiencetoadoptnewopinions,totakecertainactions，ortoseetheworldinanewway.Publicspeakersusuallyknowwellinadvancewhentheyarescheduledtomakeanaddress.Consequentlytheyareabletopreparetheirmessagebeforetheydeliverit.Sometimes,though,speakersmustdeliverthemessageunprepared,oroffthecuff,suchaswhentheyareaskedtoofferatoastataweddingreceptionortoparticipateinateleviseddebateorinterview.Whentheydonothavetospeakunpreparedly,mostspeakerswritetheirownspeeches.Politiciansandbusinessexecutivessometimesemployprofessionalwriterswhopreparetheirforthem.Theseprofessionalwritersmayworkaloneorinsmallteams.Althoughthespeakermayhavesomeinputintothecontentsofthespeech,thewriterssometimeshaveagreatinfluenceovertheopinionsexpressedbytheiremployers.Regardlessofhowaspeechisprepared,thepersonwhodeliversitisgivencreditforitseffectuponitshearers.1.Publicspeakingiswellknowntotheaveragepeoplebecause（）.2.Whichofthefollowingisrarelythepurposeofpublicspeaking?3.Inparagraph4,theexpression“deliverthemessageoffthecuff”means（）.4.Oftenthespeechpreparedbyaprofessionalwriterforaboss（）.5.Nomatterwhowritesaspeech,theaudience（）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.mostofthemhavebeentrainedaspublicspeakersB.mostofthemhavebeenaudienceofsuchactivitiesC.mostofthemhavetodoitwhentheystudyatcollegeD.Thepassagedoesnotmentionthereason問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.Toinfluencepeople'sideasandbehavior.B.Toenjoythesatisfactionfromone'sownspeech.C.Topersuadetheaudiencetoacceptanidea.D.Topromotepublicinterest.問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.speakatalargereceptionB.speakontelevisionC.speakaccordingtothescheduleD.speakwithoutpreparation問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.isveryprofessionalandtactfulB.expressesthewriter’sideaofthematterC.expressestheboss’sideaofthematterD.expressestheideasofboth問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.believeitexpressedthespeaker'sideaB.knowverywellwhothespeakerisC.knowwhoseideathespeechreallyexpressesD.donotbelievewhatthespeakersays13.單選題Hiseighthbookcameoutearlierthisyearandwasa(n)（）bestseller.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.swiftB.instantC.timelyD.punctual14.單選題Myfathernevergaveme（）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.manyadviceB.manyadvicesC.muchadviceD.alotofadvices15.單選題Concernwithmoney,andthenmoremoney,inordertobuytheconveniencesandluxuriesofmodemlife,hasbroughtgreatchangestothelivesofmostFrenchmen.MorepeopleareworkingthaneverbeforeinFrance.Inthecitiesthetraditionalleisurelymiddaymealisdisappointing.Offices,shops,andfactoriesarediscoveringthegreatefficiencyofashortlunchhourincompanylunchrooms.Inalmostalllinesofworkemphasisnowfallsonever-increasingoutput.Thusthe“typical”Frenchmanproducesmore,earnsmore,andbuysmoreconsumergoodsthanhiscounterpartofthelastgeneration.Hegainsincreatingcomfortsandeaseoflife.Whathelosestosomeextentishissenseofpersonaluniqueness,orindividuality.SomesaythatFrancehasbeenAmericanized.ThisisbecausetheU.S.isaworldsymbolofthetechnologicalsocietyanditsconsumerproducts.Theso-calledAmericanizationofFrancehasitscritics.Theyfearthat“assembly-linelife”willleadtothedisappearanceofthepleasuresofthemoregracefulandleisurely(butlessproductive)oldFrenchstyle.Whatwillhappen,theyask,totaste,elegance,andthecultivationofthegoodthingsinlife—joyinthesmellofafreshlypickedapple,astrollbytheriver,orjusthappyhoursofconversationinalocalcafe?Sincethelate1950slifeinFrancehasindeedtakenonqualitiesofrush,tension,andthepursuitofmaterialgain.Someofthestrongestcriticsofthenewwayoflifearetheyoung,especiallyuniversitystudents.Theyareconcernedwiththefuture,andtheyrearthatFranceisthreatedbytriumphofthiscompetitive,goods-orientedculture.Occasionally,theyhavereactedagainstthetrendwithconsiderableviolence.Inspiteofthecritics,however,countlessFrenchmenarecommittedtokeepingFranceintheforefrontofthemodemeconomicworld.Theyfindthatthepresentlifebringsmorerewards,convenience,andpleasuresthanthatofthepast.Theybelievethatamodem,industrialFranceispreferabletotheold.1.TheoldFrenchwayoflifeischaracterizedby（）.2.Accordingtothepassage,allthefollowingarethedescriptionoftoday’sFrenchmenEXCEPTthat（）.3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthecritics?4.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe（）.5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.leisure,eleganceandefficiencyB.elegance,efficiencyandtasteC.leisure,eleganceandtasteD.leisure,efficiencyandtaste問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.manyofthempreferthemodemlifestyleB.theactuallyenjoyworkingattheassemblylineC.theyaremoreconcernedwithmoneythanbeforeD.theyaremorecompetitivethantheoldgeneration問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.Criticsaregreaterinnumberthanpeopleenjoyingthenewwayoflife.B.Studentcriticsaregreaterinnumberthancriticsinotherfield.C.Studentcriticshave,onoccasion,resortedtoviolentmeansagainstthetrend.D.Criticsareconcernedsolelywiththepresentratherthanthefuture.問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.ChangesintheFrenchWayofLifeB.CriticismoftheNewLifestyleC.TheAmericanizationofFranceD.FeaturesoftheNewWayofLife問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.inpursuingmaterialgainstheFrencharesufferinglosseselsewhereB.theFrenchenjoyshortlunchhoursC.theFrencharefedupwiththesmelloffreshlypickedapplesD.greatchangeshaveoccurredinthelifestyleofallFrenchmen第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】第1題:A第2題:D第3題:C第4題:D第5題:B【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段可知，一些組織利用計(jì)算機(jī)加強(qiáng)對(duì)其成員的監(jiān)控，并侵犯其隱私權(quán)，已引起了相當(dāng)大的關(guān)注。所以防止計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的濫用是為了保護(hù)個(gè)人權(quán)利。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。2.根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)文件可以而且必須得到最高程度的保護(hù)，防止濫用。但是，我們也必須小心，不要使用魯莽的保護(hù)方法，使我們的社會(huì)失去了解其社會(huì)進(jìn)程和分析其問(wèn)題所需要的重要數(shù)據(jù)。選項(xiàng)D提出的抹去數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)文件就是魯莽的保護(hù)行為，所以選項(xiàng)D不正確。3.根據(jù)第四段的第三句“Butwemustbecarefulalso,thatwedonotemploysuchcrudemethodsofprotection...”我們必須小心謹(jǐn)慎，否則會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些魯莽笨拙的保護(hù)方法，選項(xiàng)C符合原文，4.根據(jù)第四段的第一句“Makingthecomputerthevillainintheinvasionofprivacyorencroachmentoncivillibertiessimplydiversattentionfromtherealdangers.”計(jì)算機(jī)成為侵犯隱私或公民自由的罪魁禍?zhǔn)?，只是把人們的注意力從真正的危險(xiǎn)上轉(zhuǎn)移開(kāi)了。言外之意，隱私權(quán)這一問(wèn)題一直被忽略了。所以選項(xiàng)D項(xiàng)符合原文。5.根據(jù)第五段的第二句“Themostheatedattacks...,asmachines.”對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)最激烈的抨擊不是對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)可能產(chǎn)生的影響，也不是假設(shè)破壞工作滿意度，或威脅到隱私和自由。而是聲稱(chēng)它會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們被認(rèn)為或者認(rèn)為自己是一臺(tái)機(jī)器。選項(xiàng)B項(xiàng)符合原文。2.【答案】B【解析】考查過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)。填空處句子為插入語(yǔ)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)需完整，所以要用分詞或者動(dòng)名詞形成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。首先排除選項(xiàng)A和D。impress和me之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用分詞，選項(xiàng)B正確。句意：家鄉(xiāng)的文化特色給童年時(shí)代的我留下了深刻的印象，對(duì)指導(dǎo)我職業(yè)生涯的哲學(xué)思想產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。3.【答案】A【解析】initiated開(kāi)始,開(kāi)創(chuàng)；designed設(shè)計(jì),計(jì)劃；induced引誘,說(shuō)服；promoted促進(jìn),提升。句意：1987年11月,政府開(kāi)始就官方體育政策的未來(lái)方向進(jìn)行公開(kāi)辯論。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。4.【答案】C【解析】考查反身代詞的用法。反身代詞itself與主語(yǔ)everything形成互指關(guān)系，表示向它自身的方向吸引另一物體。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。句意：根據(jù)他后來(lái)提出的定律，宇宙中的一切事物相互間都彼此吸引。5.【答案】最近在高校畢業(yè)生擇業(yè)問(wèn)題上出現(xiàn)了一種傾向,這就是畢業(yè)生越來(lái)越青睞大公司,很少有人愿意到研究單位。在物欲橫流的社會(huì)里,這是一個(gè)不可避免的問(wèn)題。學(xué)生還沒(méi)有走出校門(mén),大公司便在競(jìng)相聘用他們,向他們提供誘人的薪水和福利待遇。另一方面,由于許多大企業(yè),甚至包括一些政府部門(mén)往往看重直接經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,而相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)對(duì)長(zhǎng)期的理論研究不感興趣,所以科研人員不斷從純理論研究領(lǐng)域流向?qū)嵱霉I(yè)。因?yàn)樵谀抢锕ぷ饕妊芯款I(lǐng)域里好找,工資往往也高。這些情況不僅嚴(yán)重影響青年人的擇業(yè)觀,而且還影響了教育。許多教師哀嘆,現(xiàn)在單純?yōu)榱藢W(xué)知識(shí)而學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生越來(lái)越少了。

6.【答案】第1題:C第2題:C第3題:B第4題:D第5題:A【解析】1.根據(jù)本句的上下文可知，大多數(shù)醫(yī)生對(duì)當(dāng)今醫(yī)療行業(yè)變成止痛藥行業(yè)深感不安。醫(yī)生們發(fā)現(xiàn)，真正需要專(zhuān)家診斷和治療的病人很難得到足夠的重視，因?yàn)樗麄兊臅r(shí)間被那些除了暫時(shí)的不適或精神上的疼痛之外沒(méi)有任何問(wèn)題的人所占據(jù)。由此推斷，人們一有疼痛跡象就去找醫(yī)生的行為已經(jīng)適得其反。boomerang指帶來(lái)反作用,壞處。所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。2.根據(jù)上文“Somepeoplearesoterrifiedofgettingbadnewsfromadoctorthattheyallowtheirmalaisetoworsen,sometimespastthepointofnoreturn.”有些人非常害怕從醫(yī)生那里得到壞消息，他們會(huì)讓自己的不適惡化，有時(shí)甚至到了無(wú)法恢復(fù)的地步。hypochondria指那些總是疑心自己身體有病的人，選項(xiàng)C正確。3.根據(jù)第五段的一二句“Patientstendtofeelindignant,andinsultedifthephysiciantellsthemhecanfindnoorganiccauseforthepain.Theytendtointerprettheterm“psychogenic”tomeanthat....”選項(xiàng)B符合原文。4.本文首先提到人們對(duì)疼痛的無(wú)知，接下來(lái)介紹了疼痛的原因,目的在于教會(huì)人們以正確態(tài)度對(duì)待疼痛。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。5.根據(jù)下文“Almosteveryonehasatelltaleachethatistriggeredwhenevertensionorfatiguereachesacertainpoint,...”只有當(dāng)緊張或疲勞達(dá)到一定程度時(shí)才會(huì)引發(fā)這種疼痛，由此可知，telltale指不易察覺(jué)的，不明顯的。選項(xiàng)A正確。7.【答案】C【解析】previously倉(cāng)促地；uniquely獨(dú)特地；outwardly表面上,外觀上地；initially最初。句意：就像根據(jù)一本書(shū)的封面來(lái)判斷質(zhì)量一樣,判斷一個(gè)人也是根據(jù)他的外表立馬進(jìn)行判斷。8.【答案】D【解析】spot使認(rèn)出；situate使位于；place放置；locate定位。句意：探險(xiǎn)者迷了路,所以他爬到山頂以確定自己的位置（定位）。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。9.【答案】B【解析】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的用法。句意：再談?wù)撃羌乱呀?jīng)沒(méi)有意義了，我已經(jīng)知道真相了。空格處指“那件事情的真相”，which指代“那件事”。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。which不能放在先行詞前面，所以選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤；選項(xiàng)C填入的話句子缺少連詞；選項(xiàng)D中that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。10.【答案】第1題:A第2題:C第3題:B第4題:C第5題:A第6題:B第7題:D第8題:B第9題:B第10題:C第11題:A第12題:A第13題:A第14題:B第15題:D第16題:A第17題:C第18題:B第19題:B第20題:A【解析】（1）根據(jù)原文，也許更重要的是,我們是否處于殖民化時(shí)代的開(kāi)端？根據(jù)上文提到的anotherAgeofExploration可知此處應(yīng)為another,泛指“另一個(gè)”。選項(xiàng)A正確。（2）本句中先行詞為thepoint,定語(yǔ)從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)。因此,本題選C。（3）inhabit居住,在……出現(xiàn);crowded擁擠的;bear忍受,負(fù)擔(dān);rush猛攻,突襲,（使）倉(cāng)促行事。根據(jù)原文句意,地球已不能再容納所有擁擠在地球上的人，第二個(gè)問(wèn)題變得緊迫。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。（4）句意：我們會(huì)像哥倫布那樣發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)人類(lèi)可以定居的地方嗎？選項(xiàng)A和C都有”就像，正如”的意思，但like的詞性是動(dòng)詞,此處需要填入一個(gè)連接詞，所以排除選項(xiàng)A。（5）根據(jù)句意：我們可以這么說(shuō),我們明天不會(huì)看到科幻小說(shuō)和電影中所展示的那種太空旅行。結(jié)合上下文的意思，本題正確答案為A。（6）ethicalfiction倫理小說(shuō);sciencefiction科幻小說(shuō);affectionalfiction言情小說(shuō);actionfiction武俠小說(shuō)。涉及到太空旅行的小說(shuō)應(yīng)為科幻小說(shuō)。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。（7）punctually準(zhǔn)時(shí)地;permanently永遠(yuǎn)地,永久地;temporarily暫時(shí)地;regularly規(guī)律地,定期地。句意：還要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,我們才能擁有開(kāi)往月球或者其他行星上的人類(lèi)殖民地的航班。航班應(yīng)該是規(guī)律的,選項(xiàng)D符合原文。（8）考查固定搭配。takeadvantageof意為“利用；占……的便宜”,選項(xiàng)B正確。（9）考查介詞搭配,根據(jù)原文，我們本身處于太陽(yáng)系之內(nèi)。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。（10）句意：在我們把移民送往太空,必須解決重大問(wèn)題。根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系判斷,問(wèn)題的解決應(yīng)當(dāng)在發(fā)送移民之前,選項(xiàng)C正確。（11）cover和distance搭配，指“通過(guò)一段路程，跨越一段距離”。因此,本題選A。（12）imagined想象的,理解的;imaginable可想象的,可能地;imaginary想象中的,幻想的;imaginative具有想象力的。結(jié)合上下文句意可知,此處應(yīng)表示“……是很難理解的”。因此,選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。（13）考査固定搭配。outinspace意為“在太空”,其他幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)均不能與inspace搭配使用。（14）revive使復(fù)活,使恢復(fù),使振奮;exist存在,生存,存活;survive幸存,生還,活得比……時(shí)間長(zhǎng);l