專題”螂遂建悠《說明文）

41號(hào)導(dǎo)90道

一般說來，英語說明文與其他文體一樣，文章所涉及的內(nèi)容不外乎以下幾個(gè)方面，即

whofwhatfwhenfwhere-*howfwhy。

l.who:問的是這篇文章的主體是誰?（即所要說明和描述的人或事物）

2.what:問的是主體做了什么事情?（即主體表現(xiàn)出的特性、功能和用途）

3.when和where:是在何時(shí)何地發(fā)生的?（即何時(shí)何地所表現(xiàn)出的特性、功能和用途）

4.how:通過什么方式表現(xiàn)出來的？

5.why:這種特性功能用途的原因是什么？

做說明文閱讀理解題的時(shí)候，一定要記住上面的wh-word。邊閱讀，邊搜記，牢記要點(diǎn)，把

握全文。

ttsum

說明文體裁文章的閱讀技巧

說明文是以說明為主要表達(dá)方式用來說明事物，闡明事理的一種文體。它通過揭示概念

來說明事物的特征、本質(zhì)及其規(guī)律性，給人準(zhǔn)確的科學(xué)知識(shí)或正確思想。一般可分為實(shí)體事

物說明和抽象事物說明兩大類，詞典、教材、論文、實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告、產(chǎn)品說明書、廣告、解說詞

及科學(xué)小品等都屬于說明文。

閱讀說明文體裁的文章時(shí)應(yīng)首先抓住下面的重要信息：

A.說明的對(duì)象

B.說明對(duì)象的特征

C.說明的方法（例證法；定義法；分類法；因果關(guān)系法；比較對(duì)照法；過程分析法）

（1）例證法

這是用具體例子來說明人或事物的特征、本質(zhì)及其規(guī)律的方法，所用例子必須有代表性、

典型性，能體現(xiàn)人或事物的本質(zhì)特征。這是用特殊來說明一般的方法。通常在主題句后，用For

example或Forinstance等短語引導(dǎo)出具體的例子。

（2）定義法

下定義就是給說明對(duì)象一個(gè)明確概念。這是科學(xué)而嚴(yán)密的說明方法。它既能揭示事物的

本質(zhì)特征，勾勒其大概，描繪其輪廓，同時(shí)也能確定事物的范圍和界限。下定義是多方面的，可以

給人、事物、思想等下定義。

(3)分類法

分類法是對(duì)同屬不同類或同類而不同種的人或事物,根據(jù)不同性質(zhì)進(jìn)行分門別類地說明

的方法。分類是人類認(rèn)識(shí)客觀世界的重要手段之一。分類必須遵守分類規(guī)則,使分類對(duì)象具

有統(tǒng)一屬性，依據(jù)同一分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并使分類的子項(xiàng)相互排斥，不互相包蘊(yùn)。

(4)因果關(guān)系法

事物變化的原因和結(jié)果是緊密相關(guān)的。如果某個(gè)現(xiàn)象的存在必然引起另一個(gè)現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生,

那么，這兩個(gè)現(xiàn)象之間就具有因果關(guān)系。因果關(guān)系包括由果推因(由結(jié)果去推測原因)和由因推

果(由原因去推測結(jié)果)兩種情況。因果關(guān)系符合人們的日常思維邏輯，因而在寫作中得到廣泛

應(yīng)用，常用because,as,since,so,nowthat,if...then,thereasonisthat…等表示因果關(guān)系。

(5)比較對(duì)照法

有意識(shí)地把兩種相反、相對(duì)的事物或同一事物相反、相對(duì)的兩個(gè)方面放在一起,用比較

的方法加以描述或說明，指出其相同點(diǎn),這種寫法叫做比較;指出其不同點(diǎn)，叫做對(duì)照。比較和對(duì)

照各有不同的側(cè)重,但兩種方法經(jīng)常結(jié)合使用。

(6)過程分析法

過程分析法就是把事物發(fā)展過程分為若干步驟，然后逐一加以分析說明。這種寫法在說明文

中使用得相當(dāng)廣泛?過程分析與敘事和因果關(guān)系等寫法有密切關(guān)系，但彼此又有明顯區(qū)別:敘

事研究的對(duì)象是Whathappens;因果關(guān)系研究的對(duì)象是Whyithappens,而過程分析研究的對(duì)

象是Howithappenso

41考題5擊

1、江蘇南通?中考真題)

Thirty-SixStratagems^iM),whichshowourancientChinesewisdom,areourancient

culturetreasure.Andmanyofthesestratagemscanstillbeputintopracticeinmanyfields,suchas

war,politics,businessandevendailylife.Thefollowingarefourofthem.Lefsenjoythecharm

ofourtraditionalculture.

StratagemOneWhenathiefisinStratagemTSvoThisstratagemisfroma

yourhouse,you'dbettershutyourdoorsatpoembyDuFu,afamouspoetoftheTang

onceinordertopreventhimfromrunningDynasty.Alineinthepoemreads:"Toshootthe

away.manonhorse-back,shoothishorsefirst;To

Why?ForourancientChinese,therecatchtherobbers,capturetheirleaderfirst.^^

aretworeasons.First,ifyouletyourInawarifyouwanttobeattheenemy,

enemyrunaway,hewillcomeback.attacktheleaderfirst.Oncetheleaderiscaught,

Second,onceyourenemysucceedsintheirforceswillbreakdownandfallintochaos.

runningaway,itisdangerousforyouto

chasehim.

StratagemThreeChinesealways

StratagemFourExperiencedfishersall

believethattigersaremorepowerfulwhen

knowhowtopreventahookedfishbreakingthe

theyareinthemountains.Oncetheyleave

line.Movethefishlinefromsidetosideto

mountains,theywillbecomelesspowerful.

graduallymakethefishcalmdownandgettired,

AndthereareafewChinesesayings

andthenyoucancatchiteasily.

linkingtigerswithmountains.

Inthesameway,onceyourenemyis

Thestratagemadvisesyounotto

trapped,hewilloftenstruggle,tryingtorun

directlyattackanenemyinhisownarea.

away.Leavehimthefalsefeelingthathestill

Instead,youshouldtrytomakehimleave

hasachancetorunaway.Whenhegetstired

hisplacefirst,makinghimlosethe

andloseshisguard,youcancapturehimwith

geographicaladvantage.Inthisway,your

lessdifficulty.

enemywillbebeateneasily.

1.WhichofthefollowingdescribesStratagemTwo?

A.Shuttingthedoortocatchthethief.B.Catchingyourenemy'sleaderfirst.

C.Lettingtheenemyofftocatchhimlater.D.Trickingthetigeroutofthemountain.

2.Fromthestratagemsabove,weknowthat.

A.itiswiseforyoutoattackenemiesintheirownplaces

B.itisimpossibleforpeopletomakeotherslosetheirguard

C.itisdangeroustogiveyourenemiesachancetorunaway

D.itisbettertoshootthemanonhorse-backfirstnotthehorse

3.WherecanweprobablyreadThirty-SixStratagems!

A.Inaguidebook.B.Inanartbook.

C.Inasciencebook.D.Inaclassicalbook.

【答案】1.B2.C3.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹《三十六計(jì)》中的四個(gè)。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Toshootthemanonhorse-back,shoothishorsefirst;Tocatchtherobbers,

capturetheirleaderfirst.”可知，射人先射馬，擒賊先擒王。故選B。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)"First,ifyouletyourenemyrunaway,hewillcomeback.Second,onceyour

enemysucceedsinrunningaway,itisdangerousforyoutochasehim.”可知I,給敵人逃跑的機(jī)會(huì)

是很危險(xiǎn)的，故選C。

3.推理判斷題。本文介紹《三十六計(jì)》中的四個(gè)，所以推測可能在一本古典書里看到，故

選D。

2、（2022?四川?巴中市教育科學(xué)研究所中考真題）

Embroidery（刺繡）isanimportanttraditionalartforminChineseculture.Themostfamous

embroiderystylesareSuembroideryfromSuzhou,ShuembroideryfromSichuan,Xiang

embroideryfromHunanandYueembroideryfromGuangdong.Shuembroideryhasthelongest

historyofall.

Sincemodernmachinescanmakecheaperembroideryproductstoday,fewerpeoplebuy

hand-madeShuembroideryproducts.Therearealsoveryfewyoungembroiderers.Theskillis

endangered.

MengDezhi,anational-levelinheritor（傳承人）oftheartform,hasbeenmakingShu

embroideryforfortyyears.SheusedtoworkattheChengduShuEmbroideryFactory.Butin

2006,thefactorywentbrokeandMenglostherjob.Wantingtosavetheart,Mengwantedtohave

herownplaceandteachShuembroiderytoothers.

It'shardwork.Embroiderytakestimeandpatience.Workersneedtodivideeachsilk

thread（線）intomorethantenoreventhirtypieces.Eachpieceisthinnerthanasinglehumanhair.

In2016,BaiduinvitedMengtomakeahomepagelogoforQixiFestival.Itwasasmalllogo,but

itrequiredtheuseof45typesofsewingtechniques（針法）and35,000stitches（針）.

MengisteachingindifferentuniversitiesandcommunitiestosaveShuembroidery.She

believesthatShuembroiderystandsfbrthousandsofyearsofSichuancultureandshouldbesaved,

feelthatIhavetheresponsibilitytopassonShuembroideryskillstoyoungpeople,toletitrun

fromgenerationtogeneration.^^Shesaid.

4.Howmanyembroiderystylesarementionedinthepassage?

A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.D.Six.

5.WhyaretheShuembroideryskillsindangerofdyingout?

A.BecauseShuembroideryhasthelongesthistory.

B.Becauseembroiderytakestimeandpatience.

C.BecausetheShuEmbroideryFactorywentbroke.

D.Becausetherearefewerpeoplebuyinghand-madeShuembroideryproducts.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“broke"mean?

A.破產(chǎn)B.損壞C.違反D.折斷

7.HowisMengtryingtosaveShuembroidery?

A.BymakingmoreShuembroideryproducts.

B.BymakingmorelogosfbrcompanieslikeBaidu.

C.Byteachingindifferentuniversitiesandcommunities.

D.Byencouragingyoungpeopletolearntheskill.

8.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.Embroideryneedsprotecting.B.Atraditionalartform.

C.Afamousembroiderer.D.Ahardjob.

【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.C8.A

【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了刺繡的類型和刺繡的特點(diǎn)，以及孟40多年來都在制作蜀繡，之后

破產(chǎn)但仍以另一種方式拯救蜀繡。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ThemostfamousembroiderystylesareSuembroideryfromSuzhou,Shu

embroideryfromSichuan,XiangembroideryfromHunanandYueembroideryfromGuangdong.^^

可知，文章提到了蘇繡、蜀繡、湘繡和粵繡，此處共提到4種刺繡品。故選B。

5.鄉(xiāng)田節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Sincemodemmachinescanmakecheaperembroideryproductstoday,

fewerpeoplebuyhand-madeShuembroideryproducts.Therearealsoveryfewyoung

embroiderers.Theskillisendangered.”可知，由于現(xiàn)代機(jī)器可以制作更便宜的刺繡產(chǎn)品，越來

越少的人購買手工蜀繡產(chǎn)品，年輕的刺繡師也很少，所以這項(xiàng)技能岌岌可危。故選D。

6.詞義猜測題。由“Menglostherjob”判斷，前面應(yīng)該是指工廠倒閉。因此broke是“破產(chǎn)”

的意思。故選A。

7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“MengisteachingindifferentuniversitiesandcommunitiestosaveShu

embroidery.”可知，孟正試圖通過在不同的大學(xué)和社區(qū)教蜀繡來挽救這一藝術(shù)。故選Co

8.主旨大意題。根據(jù)"EmbroideryisanimportanttraditionalartfbnninChineseculture."，“The

skillisendangered."和"MengisteachingindifferentuniversitiesandcommunitiestosaveShu

embroidery「可以判斷，本文主要講述“刺繡需要保護(hù)”。故選A。

3、（2022?山東煙臺(tái)?中考真題）

Forthefirsttime,scientistshavegrownplantsinmoonsoil（土壤）collectedbyNASA's

Apolloastronauts.

Thescientistshadnoideaifanythingwouldgrowinmoonsoil.Theywantedtoseeifit

couldbeusedtogrowplants.RobertFerioftheUniversityofFloridawassurprisedwiththe

results.^PlantsactuallygrowinmoonsoilJhesaid.

Feriandotherresearchersplantedthalecress,asmallfloweringplant,inmoonsoil.Thegood

newswasthatalloftheseeds（種子）grew.Thebadnewswasthatafterthefirstweek,theygrew

slowly.Mostoftheplantsendedupsmallandnotfullydeveloped.

Scientistsfoundthatthelongerthesoilwasonthemoon,theworsetheplantsseemedto

grow.ThesoilcollectedbytheApollo11wastheleasthelpfulforgrowth.Itwasacouplebillion

yearslonger.Onesolutionmightbetouseyoungersoilonthemoon,likelava（火山巖漿）,orput

insomespecialnutrient（營養(yǎng)物）mixtures.

Only382kilogramsofmoonrocksandsoilwerebroughtbackbythesixApollogroupsthat

landedonthemoon.Earlylastyear,NASAfinallygaveout12gramsofsoilfortheplanting

experiment（實(shí)驗(yàn)）.

TheFloridascientistshopetoreusetheirmoonsoillaterthisyear,plantingmorethalecress

beforepossiblymovingontootherplants.

Ascientistsaid,"Growingplantsisabigstepforward.Therealnextstepistogoanddoiton

thesurfaceofthemoon.^^

9.WhatdidRobertFerithinkoftheresultsoftheplantingexperiment?

A.Surprising.B.Disappointing.C.Awful.D.Regretful.

10.WhatdotheFloridascientistsplantodothisyear?

A.Tofindsomeyoungersoilonthemoon.B.Tomakesomespecialnutrientmixtures.

C.Toplantsomeotherplantsinnewmoonsoil.D.Tousethemoonsoilagaininthe

experiment.

11.Whatmaybetherealpurposeoftheplantingexperiment?

A.Tocollectmoresoilfromthemoon.B.Tosendmorescientiststothemoon.

C.Togrowplantsonthemoonsurface.D.Toplantmorethalecressonthemoon.

12.Whatcanweinfer（推斷）fromthepassage?

A.Mostoftheplantsgrewwellaftertwoweeks.B.ThesoilcollectedbytheApollo11is

theoldest.

C.Itiseasyforastronautstobringbackmoonsoil.D.Scientistsfoundnowaystoimprove

theexperiment.

【答案】9.A10.D11.C12.B

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹一項(xiàng)關(guān)于月球上的土壤是否可以用來種植作物的研究。

9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"RobertFerioftheUniversityofFloridawassurprisedwiththeresults.“可

知，佛羅里達(dá)大學(xué)的RoberiFeri對(duì)結(jié)果感到驚訝。故選A。

10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheFloridascientistshopetoreusetheirmoonsoillaterthisyear,planting

morethalecressbeforepossiblymovingontootherplants.”可知，佛羅里達(dá)的科學(xué)家們希望在

今年晚些時(shí)候重新利用他們的月球土壤,在可能種植其他植物之前種植更多的芥藍(lán)。故選D。

11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Growingplantsisabigstepforward.Therealnextstepistogoanddoit

onthesurfaceofthemoon.”可知，種植植物是向前邁出的一大步，真正的下一步是在月球表

面進(jìn)行。故選C。

12.推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Scientistsfoundthatthelongerthesoilwasonthemoon,theworsethe

plantsseemedtogrow.ThesoilcollectedbytheApollo11wastheleasthelpfulforgrowth.“可知，

科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，月球上的土壤時(shí)間越長，植物生長得越糟糕，阿波羅11號(hào)收集的土壤對(duì)作

物生長的幫助最小。由此推知，阿波羅H號(hào)收集的土壤是最古老的，故選B。

4、（2022-山東威海?中考真題）

TheUltraIronmanTriathlonRace（超長鐵人三項(xiàng)比賽）isconsideredoneofthemost

challengingsportingeventsintheworld.Competitorsswim,rideabike,andrun.Theraceismade

upofa3.86-kilometerswim,a180.25-kilometerbicycleride,anda42.2-kilometerrun.There

arenobreaksduringtherace,socompetitorsmustkeepgoingnomatterwhat.Peoplewhochoose

toenterthisracemustbehealthyandpreparedinbothmindandbody.

ThereareseveralrulesforthosewhowanttocompeteintheUltraIronmanTriathlonRace.

Theminimumageofracersis18,soeveryonewhocompetesisanadult.TrainingfortheIronman

cantakemorethanayear.Peoplewhotrainoftenstartpracticingtheeventsatshorterdistances

firstandthenincreasetheamountoflengthandtimetheyswim,bike,andrun.Trainingcanbe

difficultbecausepeopleneedtofindabalanceofstrengthandendurance（忍耐力）training.

Withoutenoughtraining,peoplecangetharmed.Somepeopleevenputonweightwhentraining

becausetheirbodiesstorecalories（卡路里）insteadofusingthemforenergy.Allpeoplein

trainingshoulddrinkplentyofwater.

Inthepast40years,theIronmanhasdevelopedfromasingleraceintoaglobal（全球的）

movement.Today'sIronmanraceshaveeventsofdifferentdistancesandracersofdifferentages.

Since2008,WeihaihasheldtheIronmanTriathlonRaceonceayear.WeihaiTriathlonSports

（威海鐵人三項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)協(xié)會(huì)）wasfoundedin2011.The2014WorldTriathlon

Championships（世界鐵人三項(xiàng)錦標(biāo)賽）washeldinWeihai,whichwasthefirsttimethatthe

eventwasheldinanAsiancity.

LookattheprettyWeiWei,themascof（吉祥物）ofWeihaiIronmanTriathlonRace.

Exerciseisgoodforpeople'shealthandhelpstheheart.Peopletakepartinothersportsand

gamessuchasgolforfootball,buttheIronmanisachallengingwaytostayfit.Eventhoughitis

hard,itcanstillbefbn.It'sagreatwaytostayactiveandenjoylife!

13.IronmanKaceincludes.

A.swimming,golfandcyclingB.swimming,cyclingandrunningC.swimming,football

andrunning

14.PeopletakingpartintheUltraIronmanTriathlonRacemustbe18yearsold.

A.lessthanB.atleastC.atmost

15.IntheUltraIronmanTriathlonRace,youwilleasilyifyouarenotwell-trained.

A.behurtB.keepenergyC?loseweight

16.TheWorldTriathlonChampionshipsfirstcametoChinain.

A.2008B.2011C.2014

17.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.IronmanRaceisdifficultandboring.

B.Ironmanracerscanhaveabreakduringtherace.

C.IronmanRacehasdevelopedandchangedalot.

【答案】13.B14.B15.A16.C17.C

【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了超長鐵人三項(xiàng)比賽的相關(guān)信息。

13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Competitorsswim,rideabike,andrun”可知,包括游泳,騎自行車和

跑步，故選

14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theminimumageofracersis18,soeveryonewhocompetesisanadult”

可知，年輕必須是至少18歲，故選B。

15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Withoutenoughtraining,peoplecangetharmed"可知,沒有足夠的訓(xùn)

練，人們可能會(huì)受傷，故選A。

16.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“The2014WorldTriathlonChampionships（世界鐵人三項(xiàng)錦標(biāo)賽）was

heldinWeihai,whichwasthefirsttimethattheeventwasheldinanAsiancity”可知，2014年首

次在中國舉辦，故選C。

17.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Inthepast40years,theIronmanhasdevelopedfromasingleraceintoa

global（全球的）movement”可知，鐵人三項(xiàng)比賽己經(jīng)發(fā)展和改變了很多，C表述正確，故選Co

5、（2022?遼寧鞍山?中考真題）

Duringthecoldwinter,weusuallycatchacold,haveafeveroracough.Therearesome

commonandgreatwaysthatyoucanfollowtokeepyourselfawayfromtheseproblems.

Neverleaveyourhousewithoutwarmclothes.Itmightbesunnyinthemorningordaytime

butitisgettingcolderasthesunsets.Somakesureyouhaveasweateroracoatforthecolder

night.

Don'twalkwithoutshoesinyourhouse.Wehaveahabitofstayingbarefeetathome.The

coldpassesfromfeettoheadinnotimeandthatiswhyweneedtowearshoestostayawayfrom

thecold.

Drinkinggingerteahelpsyourbodygetwarmduringthecolderdays.Drinkinggreentea

keepsyourbodyhealthyandsolvesmanyhealthproblems.Greenteaisevengoodforthosewho

wanttogetthinner.

Stillifyoucatchacold,donotletthecoldbuildupinyourbody.It\bettertotakequick

actionagainstthecoldthroughproperexercise.Dosomewarm-upexerciseinthemorningorrub

（摩擦）yourhandsquickly.Jogging（慢跑）oryogaalsohelpsyourbodybecomewarmtostay

awayfromthecoldandfever.

Followthesesimpleways,andyou'llenjoythewintergreatly.

18.Duringthecoldwinter,youmayNOTaccordingtoParagraph1.

A.catchacoldB.haveacoughC.haveaheadacheD.haveafever

19.Theunderlinedword“bare"means""inChinese.

A.基本的B.赤裸的C.空洞的D.干凈的

20.Howcanyoustayawayfromthecoldinwinter?

A.Bywearingbeautifulclothes.B.Byeatingwell.

C.Bywalkingoutsideoften.D.Bydoingexerciseproperly.

21.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Youneedtowearacoatforthecoldernightwhenleavingyourhouse.

B.Wemaydrinkgreenteatogetfatter.

C.Youcanmakeyourbodycoldbyjoggingordoingyoga.

D.Weshoulddosomeexerciseintheeveningwhencatchingacold.

22.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Howtoloseweightinthecoldwinter.B.Howtohaveagoodeatinghabit.

C.Whattodotostayawayfromthecoldandfever.D.Whenandwheretokeepwarminthe

coldwinter.

【答案】18.C19.B20.D21.A22.C

【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了怎樣做才能遠(yuǎn)離感冒和發(fā)燒。

18.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Duringthecoldwinter,weusuallycatchacold,haveafeveroracough.^^

可知在寒冷的冬天，我們通常會(huì)感冒、發(fā)燒或咳嗽，可能不會(huì)頭疼，故選C。

19.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)"Don'twalkwithoutshoesinyourhouse.“可知不要在家里不穿鞋走路，

也就是赤裸著腳，故選B。

20.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Dosomewarm-upexerciseinthemorningorrub（摩擦）yourhands

quickly.Jogging（慢跑）oryogaalsohelpsyourbodybecomewarmtostayawayfromthecold

andfever."（早上做一些熱身運(yùn)動(dòng)或快速搓手。慢跑或瑜珈也能幫助你的身體變得溫暖，遠(yuǎn)

離寒冷和發(fā)燒。）可知通過適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)動(dòng)可以遠(yuǎn)離寒冷，故選D。

21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Somakesureyouhaveasweateroracoatforthecoldernight”可知在天

冷的晚上外出，要穿著溫暖的衣服。A選項(xiàng)描述正確。故選A。

22.主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Duringthecoldwinter,weusuallycatchacold,haveafeveroracough.

Therearesomecommonandgreatwaysthatyoucanfollowtokeepyourselfawayfromthese

problems.”可知本文主要講述了怎樣做才能遠(yuǎn)離感冒和發(fā)燒。故選C。

6、（2022?江蘇南通?中考真題）

AsXiongChuanfa,34,blewalifelikepuppyoutofmoltenmaltose（溶化的麥芽糖）injust

minutes,kidslookedcarefullyathimwithgreatsurprise,thinkinghewasamagician.

XiongChuanfahasbeenworkingonblowingsugarfigurines,aChinesetraditionalfolkart

withahistoryofover600years,formorethantwentyyears.

Inthisspecialartform,theartistheatsthesyrup（糖漿）toacertaintemperature,pullsoffa

smallamount,makesitintoaballwithanopencenter,pressestheopenareatogetherandstretches

ittoformatube.Thenheblowsairintothetubeandmakesitintodifferentshapes.Thetraditional

folkarthasbeenlistedasastate-levelintangibleculturalheritage（非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)）.

Everymorning,Xiongpreparesthemoltensyrupanddrivestostarthis“magicshow"around

hiscity."Manypeople,particularlykids,areattractedbythissugarart.Afterall,theancientartis

graduallydisappearing,Xiongsaid.Simon,fromAustralia,wasattractedbyasugarBingDwen

Dwen,themascotoftheBeijing2022WinterOlympics,inXiong'sstall.Simoncouldn'tresist

tryingtomakeonehimself.However,hecouldn'tgetthewantedshapethoughhetriedseveral

times.4tItlookssimple,butactuallyifsverydifficulttomastertheskill,hesaid.Thanksto

Xiong'shelpinghand,Siunonfinallysawahorsegraduallytakingshape,"Can'tbelieveI'vedone

this,“hesaid,expressinghisexcitementathowapotofsugarsyruphasbeenturnedinto

something“trulyamazing”.

XiongsaidthatblowingsugarfigurinescandatebacktotheMingDynastyandthathis

familyhaspasseddownthisartforfourgenerations.€tMy6-year-oldsonoftenblowsupa

balloon-likesugarfigure,justlikeIusedtodoasachild,“hesaid.Xiong'swifeWangLiisan

artistofthesugarpainting,whichisaformoftraditionalChinesefolkartthatuseshot,liquid

sugartomake2-Dobjects.

“Noneoftheculturalheritageleftbyourancestorsshouldbelost.Theyarenamecardsofthe

splendidChinesecultureandshouldbespreadaroundtheworld,“Xiongsaid.Thecoupleoften

showtheirskillsbesidecollegestodrawyoungstersclosertothetraditionalartandallowthemto

experienceitscharm.4tSugarpaintingsandsugarfigurinesarechildhoodmemoriesofseveral

generationsofChinesepeople.Wetrytocombinepaper-cuttingskillsandmodernelements（元素）

withsugarfigurines,makingthemsimilartomoderntrend（趨勢）whilekeepingabalancebetween

beautyandtaste.Wewillspendtherestofourliveshelpingpassonthisintangibleheritage,

Xiongsaid.

Manypeopleweredeeplymovedafterlearningaboutthefamily'sstory.

23.Whatisthecorrectorderofmakingsugarfigurines?

a.Makingitintoasugarball.b.Stretchingittomakeatube.

c.Pullingoffsomeheatedsyrup,d.Blowingairtomakewantedshapes.

A.c-a-b-dB.c-b-a-dC.b-a-c-dD.b-c-a-d

24.Theunderlinedword“resist"inParagraph4probablymeans"

A.bepraisedbyB.stoponeselffrom

C.beattractedbyD.remindoneselfof

25.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothearticle?

A.Xiong'ssonblowsupahorsewithhisfather'shelp.

B.Xiong'swifeisalsogoodatmakingsugarfigurines.

C.Xiongtriestoaddmodernelementstosugarfigurines.

D.TheXiongsvisitcollegestoteachstudentstheirskills.

26.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.AChineseartistontastyfolkartB.Anewmodemtrend

C.AbalancebetweenbeautyandtasteD.Tastysugarfigurines

【答案】23.A24.B25.C26.A

【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了吹糖人這種傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)，講述了傳承人熊川發(fā)吹糖人的過程，并因此

技能吸引了許多大學(xué)生，他希望自己能將這種傳統(tǒng)文化繼續(xù)傳承下去。

23.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Inthisspecialartform,theartistheatsthesyrup（糖漿）toacertain

temperature,pullsoffasmallamount,makesitintoaballwithanopencenter,pressestheopen

areatogetherandstretchesittoformatube.Thenheblowsairintothetubeandmakesitinto

differentshapes.”可知，藝術(shù)家將糖漿加熱到?定的溫度，取出少量，使其成為?個(gè)中心開放

的球，將開放的區(qū)域壓在一起，拉伸成一個(gè)管狀，然后他把空氣吹進(jìn)管子里，把它做成不同

的形狀。所以順序是c-a-b-d,故選A。

24.推理判斷題o根據(jù)“Simon,fromAustralia,wasattractedbyasugarBingDwenDwen,the

mascotoftheBeijing2022WinterOlympics,inXiong'sstall.Simoncouldn'tresisttryingto

makeonehimself.”可知，來自澳大利亞的西蒙被北京2022年冬奧會(huì)吉祥物“糖冰墩墩”吸引

住了，西蒙忍不住想自己做一個(gè)。所以resist的意思是“抵擋”，故選B。

25.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Wetrytocombinepaper-cuttingskillsandmodemelements（元素）with

sugarfigurines”可知，熊嘗試將剪紙技巧和現(xiàn)代元素與糖人相結(jié)合，故選C。

26.最佳標(biāo)題題。本文主要介紹吹糖人這種傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)，講述了傳承人熊川發(fā)吹糖人的過程，

故選Ao

7、（2022?江蘇南通?中考真題）

ManyChineseprimaryandmiddle-schoolstudentscan'tdohouseworktodayanddonottake

suchworkseriously.Asaresult,someareunabletocookorwashtheirownclotheswhenthey

entercollege.

TheMinistryofEducationhasrecentlyreleasedthenewcurriculumstandard（新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）

forhouseworkeducationforstudentsfromGrade1toGrade9,makingitanindependentcourse

thatstudentsmusttakeatleastonceaweek.ThenewstandardrequiresstudentsinGrade1-2to

learntosweepthefloor,Grade3-4tolearntoplantcabbages,andGrade5-6tomastertheskillsof

cookingtwotothreedishes.Studentsinjuniormiddleschoolswilllearntorepairsimpleelectrical

machines.Thisnewstandardhasbeenwidelywelcomedbythepublic.

Wang:Weallknowtheimportanceofhouseworkeducation.However,athome,some

studentsareunabletodothesimplesthousework,astheirparentsinsisttheyshoulddevote

themselvestostudy.Someofthemgraduallygrowtobeunwillingtodoanykindofhousework.

Houseworkeducationissupposedtoraisestudents5interestinlabor,helpthemexperience

differentkindsofhouseworkand,mostimportantly,correcttheirattitudestowardlabor.The

houseworkcoursewillbecomeanimportantsteptodevelopandimprovepersonalitiesofstudents.

Li:Inorderforstudentstodevelopinanall-roundway,ifsabsolutelynecessarytoaddthe

houseworkcoursetoschoolcuniculums,whichaimstoencouragestudentsinprimaryand

secondaryschoolstoprogressivelylearnandlovehousework.Itisimportanttomakethe

houseworkclassinteresting,sothatthestudentswillreallygainsomepracticalskills.Forthis

reason,schoolsshouldaddprofessional（專業(yè)的）teacherstogivetheclasses,insteadofadding

thisnewstressonparentsandotherteacherswhoarealreadybusywiththeirdailywork.

Zhang:Somepeoplethinkit'sunnecessarytowastetimeonlearninghousework.Ifyou

wanttohaveameal,youcanorderfoodonline,andfbrelectricalmachinerepairs,youcanaskfbr

specializedhelp.However,peoplewiththebasicskillsfordailylifecangomuchmore

confidentlyandsmoothlythrougheverydaylife.

Itisthefirststepinencouragingyoungstudentstodevelopahealthyconcept（觀念）oflabor

andtobeabletotakecareofthemselvesindailylife.

27.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothenewcurriculumstandard?

A.StudentsinGrade1-2shouldlearntoplantcabbages.

B.StudentsinGrade5-6shouldlearntocook2-3dishes.

C.StudentsinGrade3-4canrepairsimpleelectricalmachines.

D.Studentsshouldtakethehouseworkcourseatleasttwiceaweek.

28.AccordingtoWang,whycan'tsomestudentsdoanybasichousework?

A.Becausestudentsdon'trealizetheimportanceoflabor.

B.Becausehouseworkcan'timprovestud