Unit8–SectionALanguageFocus –WordsinUse1. Themain taskfor thetroop there isnotfighting but(arresting) theprogressof theenemyarmyandwaitingforreinforcements( 援兵).Healwaysanxiouslysummarizestheconcessionswhichhehasmadebuthealmostalways(omits)tomentionthoseofferedbytheotherparty.Shewasanexcellentteacher,whose(optional)coursesonwomen'swritingwereverypopularamongthestudents.Itwillbeuptothedoctor'sjudgmentwhetherornottheorgancanbesuccessfully(transplanted)tothechildwhohasbeenwaitingforit.5.Teacherscannolongerusetheirpastexperiencestopreparestudentsfortheirfuturecareer;(hence),ouryoungpeopleneedtorelyonthemselves.Accurateandinaccurateinformationismixedsonaturallythattherearenoreliablewaystotellwhathasbeen(twisted)andwhathasnot.7. Thatwealthy lady's demandon apremarital agreementgreatly(stung) herfuture husband'spride,anditendedupwithhisrefusaltogetmarried.WhenIopenedthealbum,Icarefullyexaminedeveryphotographin(minute)detailbywearingmyreadingglassessoasnottomissanything.ItseemsthatJameshasatalentforactingbecausehecan(imitate)differentteachers'speechesperfectly,whichreallyamazeshisclassmates.Smokingiscomparedtoself-poisoningandself-destroying,thusmakingthe(evil)effectsofsmokingcigarettestrulyalarming.WordBuildinginterferethrillscarcelyspecificallyconsumedeceiveinvadeproceedinterferencethrillerscarcespecificconsumption/consumerdeceptioninvasion/invaderprocessionMultinationalcorporationsprotestedstronglyagainstanyunreasonable(interference)bysomecountriesinthefreemarketplace.Atthetimearealthreatofa(n)(invasion)oftheBritishIslesexisted,sotheBritishtroopsweregatheredaroundthecoastlinetogetreadytofightagainstaninvadingfleet.3. (Consumption) isrelatively low, anditshows thattheeconomic problem inthecountrystemsfromthedangeroussideeffectsofcarelesspoliticsandwidespreadpoverty.Thewedding(procession)wasofanenormoussizeandenormoussplendor,whichwasstartedhomewardandfollowedbyalargebanquetataluxuryhotel.WhendoingwritingexercisesforthatEnglishcourse,studentsshouldrememberthattheyarewritingaccordingto(specific)structures.Amongclosefamilyandgoodfriends,(deception)istheworstpartoflife,andwebelieveinpracticinggoodfaithandhonesty.7. Jobsare(scarce)at themoment, soyoushould berealistic inyour choices abouttheworkinghours,medicalbenefits,bonuses,etc.8. The writer wasthinking aboutwriting somekind of(thrillers) becauseit would helpbecomepopularthroughmakinghisplotmoreattractivetotheyoung.

pay,himBankedClozeTheanimalrightsmovementisasocialmovementwhichseeksanendtousinganimalsintheresearch,food,clothing,andentertainmentindustries,(1)(hence)beingcalledanimalliberation.Itadvocatestheideathatthemostbasicinterestsofnon-humancreaturesshouldbe(2)(afforded)thesameconsiderationasthoseofhumanbeings.Advocates(3)(lobby)foranimalrightsfromdifferentaspects,rangingfromthefocusonanimalsufferinginlaboratoriestotheargumentthat(4)(insists)onnotcastinganimalsaspropertiesofhumanbeings.Despitethedifferentapproaches,advocatesbroadly(5)(consent)totheopinionthatanimalsshouldbeviewedasnon-humanmembersofthemoralcommunityandshouldbe(6)(omitted)frombeingfood,clothing,entertainment,orresearchsubjects.Theideaof(7)(awarding)rightstoanimalswinsthesupportofseveralprominentscholars.However,somecriticsarguethatanimalsareunabletoenterintoasocialcontractormoral(8)(compass)andforthatreasoncannotbegrantedrights.Onlyhumanshavedutiesand,therefore,onlyhumanshaverights.Thereisnothingwrongor(9)(evil)aboutusinganimalsasresourcessolongasthereisnounnecessarysuffering.Fromwithintheanimalrightsmovementitself,therehasalsobeen(10)(criticism)ofcertainformsofanimalrightsactivism,inparticularthedestructionoffurfarmsandanimallaboratories.LanguageFocus –ExpressionsinUse1.Somepeoplehave(persistedin)atraditionalviewthatlanguagelearningisessentiallythesameasthelearningofgrammarorlanguagerules.Regularreviewoftheteachingmaterialinschoolensuresthatthecoursesprovided(haverelevanceto)theworkplaceandwhatstudentswilldointhefuture.Jobopportunitiesareexpandingrapidly,andmoreandmorepeopleare(becomingawareof)onlinechancesthatallowthemtoworkathome.4.Theyhaveputoldwomeninnursing"homes",(isolatedfrom)humanwarmthandcontact,andthencomplainedthattheyhadlosttheirmentalabilities.Someorganizationsareexploitinglocalpeople(inthenameof)scientificresearch:Theyarecollectinggeneticmaterialforcommercialpurposes.Daycarecentersfortheelderly(makeacontribution)tooverallpublicservice;theydidalottomakethelifeoftheoldactive,valuableandmeaningful.Thepolicemanhas(beenoccupiedwith)extraduties,sohewouldnothavethetimeeitherforansweringquestionsorbeinginterviewed.Whatthechairmansaiddidnot(tipthescales)muchtohisadvantage;hisstatementcanbeonlyconsideredasaslimchanceforgainingapproval.Translation英譯漢The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) isaninternational non-governmental organizationworkingonissuesregardingtheconservation,researchandrestorationoftheenvironment.TheorganizationwasoriginallynamedtheWorldWildlifeFundin1961.In1986,itchangeditsnametoWorldWideFundforNaturetobetterreflectthescopeofitsactivities.Withoverfivemillionsupportersworldwide,itistheworld'slargestindependentconservationorganization,workinginmorethan100countriesandsupportingabout1,300conservationandenvironmentalprojects.Itsmissionistostopdestroyingtheplanet'snaturalenvironmentandtobuildafutureinwhichhumansliveinharmonywithnature.Currently,muchofitsworkfocusesontheconservationofoceansandcoasts,forests,andfreshwater.Amongotherissues,itisalsoconcernedwithendangeredspecies,pollutionandclimatechange.Theynowneed,aboveall,moneytocarryoutitsmissionsandhandleconservationemergencies.世界自然基金會（ WWF）是一個致力于有關(guān)保護、研究和修復環(huán)境議題的國際性非政府組織。該組織最初于 1961年被命名為世界野生動物基金會。 1986年，它更名為世界自然基金會，以更好地反映其活動范圍。 它是世界上最大的、獨立的自然保護組織， 擁有世界各地超過500萬的支持者，在 100多個國家開展工作，并援助約 1,300個與自然和環(huán)境保護有關(guān)的項目。它的任務是阻止破壞地球的生態(tài)環(huán)境， 建立一個能使人類與自然和諧相處的未來。前，其大部分工作都集中在對海洋和海岸、森林、淡水的保護。在其他問題上，它也關(guān)注瀕危物種，污染和氣候變化。 現(xiàn)在他們最需要的是資金， 以履行其使命和處理與自然保護有關(guān)的突發(fā)事件。漢譯英

目新中國成立以來，特別是改革開放以來，中國政府在生態(tài)環(huán)境 (eco-environmental) 保護方面做出了大量努力， 取得了有效進展。 政府采取了一系列保護和改善生態(tài)環(huán)境的重大舉措， 譬如積極推進重點生態(tài)工程，加強生態(tài)系統(tǒng)建設 (ecosystem) 及生物多樣性保護 (biodiversityconservation)，建立了一批自然保護區(qū)(naturereservation)、生態(tài)示范區(qū)(ecologicaldemonstrationzones)、風景名勝區(qū)和森林公園。加強生態(tài)環(huán)境的保護和建設，實現(xiàn)人與自然和諧相處，是構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會（harmonioussociety）的重要目標之一。環(huán)境保護和生態(tài)文明建設為中國經(jīng)濟、社會的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供了堅實的基礎。SincethefoundingofNewChina,especiallysincetheeconomicreformanddoor-openingtotheworld,theChinesegovernmenthasmadeconsiderableeffortsineco-environmentalprotectionandachievedeffectiveprogress.Thegovernmenthastakenaseriesofimportantmeasurestoprotectandimprovetheecologicalenvironment,suchasactivelypromotingkeyecologicalprojects,enhancingecosystemconstructionandbiodiversityconservation,establishinganumberofnaturereservations,ecologicaldemonstrationzones,scenicspotsandforestparks.Oneoftheimportantgoalsofbuildingasocialistharmonioussocietyistostrengthenecologicalprotectionandconstructionandtoachieveharmonybetweenmanandnature.EnvironmentalprotectionandecologicalcivilizationconstructionhaveprovidedasolidfoundationforthesustainabledevelopmentofChina'seconomyandsociety.Unit8

–SectionBUnderstandingthetext1D 2A 3C 4C

5D

6B

7D

8CLanguageFocus –WordsinUse1.ThepeopleintheneighboringhousecomplainedloudlyasMr.Hudsonusedanelectricalscrewdriver,which(emitted)aloud,continuousnoiseatmidnight.Afterthemurdererfiredhisfirstshot,aSecretServiceagentwhoguardedJohnson(shoved)himtothefloorandlayoverhim.Johndidnotknowhowlonghehadbeensleepingbutwokeuphungryanddecidedto(sneak)intothekitchenforsomethingtoeat.Theeaglebecamethenational(symbol)ofthecountrywhentheAmericanleadersapprovedthedesignoftheGreatSealoftheUnitedStates.Theoldwomanwascold,tiredandaching;herbeddinghadn'tbeenthickenoughandshe'dbeen(wakened)severaltimesduringthenight.Thestandardofhealthinthelargetownsstill(lagged)behindthecountryasawhole,inspiteofsubstantialimprovementsduringthelastdecade.Isuggestedthatwenotonlygiveupthetwocompaniesbutalso(ditch)anyotherbusinessinvolvedinsoftdrinks.8.OnNewYear'sEve,the(countdown)totheNewYearwassuchanexcitingattractionthatmanypeoplewhogatheredinthesquarewereshoutinguntilabigcheerexploded.Shewas(discharged)fromthehospital,apparentlyfitandwell,andhadfiveyearsofanactive,happylifebeforeshediedwithoutmuchpainordistressfromcancer.Briangotinjuredinhisrightshoulderwhileplayingbasketballlastweek,sohe(rotated)hisshouldersashedrove,tryingtoeasethepain.LanguageFocus –ExpressionsinUse1. Youwill thenbeaskedto fill(out) aloan application form with information suchas yournameandaddress,whereyouwork,yourincom