2021年上海市奉賢區(qū)高考英語(yǔ)二模試卷

I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillhearten

shortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,a

questionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestions

willbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,

readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebest

answertothequestionyouhaveheard.

1.(★★★★★)(1分)A.Inadrugstore.

B.Inacosmeticsshop.

C.Atastationerystore.

D.Atasupermarket.

2.(★★★★★)(1分)A.Lecturerandstudent.

B.Salespersonandcustomer.

C.Secretaryandboss.

D.Mechanicanddriver.

3.(★★★★★)(1分)A.$150.

B.$200.

C.$250.

D.$300.

4.(★★★★★)(1分)A.Serious.

B.Disappointed.

C.Impatient.

D.Excited.

5.(★★★★★)(1分)A.Shewasverynervous.

B.Shemissedaspeech.

C.Shehasheartdisease.

D.ShehostedtheTVprograms.

6.(★★★★★)(1分)A.LearncodingwithherdPad.

B.ChangethewaytounlockheriPad.

C.UpdatethesystemofheriPad.

D.NotedownthecodeofheriPad.

7.(★★★★★)(1分)A.Itispopularwithcustomers.

B.Therearemorethanenoughseats.

C.Theseatsthereareuncomfortable.

D.Itprovidescustomerswithreadingmaterials.

8.（★★★★★）（1分）A.Shethinksofherbabyasablessing.

B.Sheisqualifiedtobeagoodbabysitter.

C.Shealwaysstaysuplatecaringforherbaby.

D.Shebenefitsfromthebabysittertosomeextent.

9.（★★★★★）（1分）A.Themanfeelsliketakingawalkinthepark.

B.Themanknowseverythingaboutthewoman.

C.Themanisoverconfidentabouthisexamination.

D.ThemanasksGoogletohelpwithhismathematics.

10.（★★★★★）（1分）A.Heismakingachocolatecake.

B.Heisorderingacakeasapresent.

C.HeiscelebratingValentine，sDay.

D.Heiswritingacardtohisgirlfriend.

SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelonger

conversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveral

questions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthe

questionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefour

possibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothe

questionyouhaveheard.

11.（★★★★★）（4.5分）（1）A.Becausetheyhavetrueblueeyes.

B.Becausetheylooktrueblueunderwater.

C.Becausetheyhavetrueblueunderbellies.

D.Becausetheylooktrueblueonthesurface.

（2）A.Bygivingoutyellowishlight.

B.Bychangingthecoloroftheirbacks.

C.Byemittingaseriesofpulsesandsounds.

D.Bytravelingthroughtheoceanat20milesanhour.

（3）A.Whentheyareangry,theyletouttheloudestnoise.

B.Theyarehighlyintelligentanimalswithoutsociallife.

C.Anordinary-sizedwhaleweighsasmuchasanelephant.

D.Theyrelyonexcellenthearingtocommunicateandnavigate.

12.（★★★★★）（4?5分）（1）A.Theintroductionofthefreshmen，sweek.

B.Theadviceonuniversitylifetothefreshmen.

C.Theintroductionofauniversityanditscourses.

D.Theprocessofuniversityfreshmanregistration.

⑵A.Toreceiveawarmwelcome.

B.Togettimetablessortedout.

C.Tohelpnewstudentsmakenewfriends.

D.Tofamiliarizenewstudentswiththeircourses.

（3）A.Studentswillbequitebusyafterthefreshmen，sweek.

B.StudentLifeCardoffersdiscountsatallshopsandfastfoodchains.

C.Students'registrationtimewillprobablydependontheirarrivalday.

D.Studentsshouldcollectallthebooksrequiredduringthefreshmen'sweek.

13.（★★★★★）（6分）（1）A.Hegoestotoomanyparties.

B.Hedrinkstoomuchbeerwithfriends.

C.Hehangsoutwithhisfriendstoomuch.

D.HeistoobusywithschooIworktodoexercise.

（2）A.Becauseshecangetarewardfromthegym.

B.Becauseshethinksthemanshouldloseweight.

C.Becauseitwillmotivatethemantodoexercise.

D.Becauseitwillmotivatehertogothereregularly.

（3）A.Ithasaprivatebathroom.

B.Itispopularamonggirls.

C.Ithasafancyrestaurant.

D.Itisnewlyopenedthisyear.

（4）A.Yoga.

B.Rowingmachines.

C.Runningmachines.

D.Stationaryexercisebikes.

II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,

fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Forthe

blankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegiven

word;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

14.（★★）（10分）

LandslideInjuresatleast10inNorwegianTownofAsk

Alandslide（山體滑坡）hassmashedintoaresidentialareaneartheNorwegian

capitalatmidnightonDec.30,injuringatleast10people,leaving21

unaccountedforand（1）destroying（destroy）severalhomes,authorities

said.About700peoplehavebeenbroughttosafetyforfearoffurtherlandslides.

Thelandslidecutacrossaroad,leavingadeepgapthatcars（2）could

notpass.Videofootageshoweddramaticscenesincludingonehousefallingintothe

gap.Photographsshowedatleasteightdestroyedhomes.

Rescueworkerscontinuedtosearchtheareaforchildrenandadults（3）

believed（believe）tohavebeencaughtinmudanddebris（廢墟），policesaid.

〃We'restilllookingforsurvivors,policespokesmanRogerPettersentoldanews

conference.

Pettersensaidtherewerenoreportsofmissingpeople,butofficialscouldnot

ruleoutthepossibility（4）thattheremightbesurvivorsincollapsed

buildings.Hesaid21peopleregisteredaslivingintheareaareunaccountedfor.

Oneoftheinjuredwasseriouslyhurt,whileninehad（5）lighter

（light）injuries.Weatheratthetimewasreportedtobechallenging,with

snowstormsweepingthevillageofAsk,（6）wherc/whichabout5,000people

inhabited.

Norway'sKingHaraldsaidthelandslidehadmadeadeepimpressiononhim.〃My

thoughtsarewithallthosewhoareaffected,injuredorhavelosttheirhomesand

thosewhonowliveinfearanduncertaintyof（7）howmuchdamagethe

disasterhascaused,/zhesaidinastatementreleasedbytheroyalpalace.

TheareainwhichAsk（8）islocated（locate）isknowntohavealot

ofquickclay,whichcanchangefromsolidtoliquidform.Previouslandslideshave

beenreportedintheregion.

Helicopterscontinuedtocircleovertheareaasnightfell,（9）lowering

（lower）rescuerstowardsthedebrisofcollapsedhouses.

“Therecouldbepeopletrapped-butatthesametimewecan'tbesure（10）

becauseitisthenewyear'sholiday,whichmeanspeoplecouldbeelsewhere,

ErnaSolberg,theNorwegianPrimeMinister,toldreportersaftervisitingthesite.

SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.

Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

15.（★★★）（10分）

A.outdatedB.polishC.strugglingD.historicallyE.exchangeF.

promotional

G.stylizedH.floodsI.witnessesJ.interchangeablyK.declining

WhyDutchOfficialsWantYoutoForgettheCountryofHolland

TheDutchnationhaslongbeendealingwithitsidentitycrisis.Fordecades,

thegovernmentused"Holland"and"theNetherlands^（1）Jtodescribethe

countryknownforitsiconiccanals,tulip（郁金香）fieldsandwindmills.But

startingfromJan.1,allofficialgovernmentcommunicationsand（2）

materialswillusetheNetherlandsasitsname.

Thegovernmenthasbeenworkingonacampaignthatmight（3）Bthe

country'simageinthefaceofgrowinginternationalcompetitionforthepast18

months,saidIngriddeBeer,theheadofthepublicdiplomacysectioninthe

MinistryofForeignAffairs.〃0urinternationalimagefacessomechallenges,she

said.ResearchshowedthatmanypeopledonotknowoftheNetherlandsorhave（4）

Aconceptsofthecountry.Youngpeople,particularlythoseincountriesfarther

away,areunfamiliarwiththecountry.

TheKingdomoftheNetherlandsconsistsof12provinces,twoofwhich-Noord

（North）HollandandZuid（South）Holland-makeupHolland.Amsterdam,which

（5）_J_about19milliontravellersannually,andKeukenhof,oneofthe

world'slargestflowergardensandapopularattraction,arebothintheHolland

region.

Thecountry'stourismboard,（6）Ctohandlemillionsoftourists,

stoppedpromotingitsmostfamousattractionsinfavoroftryingtoencourage

travellerstogotolesser-knowndestinations,accordingtoa2019report.By2030,

thereportpredicted,theNetherlandscouldsee(7)_H_ofupto42million

tourists-anenormousnumberforacountryof17million.

TheregionofHollandhas(8)Dcontributedthemosttothecountry，s

economyandwealth,resultinginitsnamecommonlybeingusedtoindicatethe

entirecountry.

Butnotanymore,theDutchgovernmentinsists.〃Wearefullyawarethat

internationally,astrongimageoftheNetherlandscontributestoachieving

politicalobjectives,promotingtrade,attractingtalent,investmentandtourists

andencouragingculturalandscientific(9)_E_,〃Ms.deBeersaid.

Partofthecampaignincludesanupdatedlogo,a〃NL〃(10)Gtolook

likeanorangetulip,accordingtotheMinistryofForeignAffairs.Thelogo

replacesthe“Hollandtulip,“whichwascreatedbythetourismboard25yearsago

andusedtopromotethecountry.

III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefollowing

passagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblank

withthewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

16.(★★★)(15分)Asconsumers,weareverywasteful.Annually,theworld

generates1.3billiontonsofsolidwaste.Thisisexpectedtogoupto2.2billion

by2025.Thedevelopedcountriesare(1)_B_for44%ofwaste,andintheU.S.

alone,theaveragepersonthrowsawaytheirbodyweightinrubbisheverymonth.

Traditionalwisdomwouldseemtosuggestthatcompanieshavenointerestin(2)

Bthelifecycleoftheirproductsandreducetherevenue(營(yíng)收)theywould

getfromsellingnewgoods.(3)_C_,moreandmorebusinessesarethinking

abouthowtoreduceconsumerwaste.Thisis(4)Adrivenbytherising

priceofrawmaterialsandmetals.Also,bothconsumersandcompaniesbecomingmore

awareoftheneedtoprotectourenvironmentisanotherforcethatcontributes.

Whenchoosingwhatproductstobuyandwhichbrandstobuyfrom,moreandmore

consumersarelookingintosustainability,whichis(5)Cjustpriceand

performancetheywereconcernedaboutinthepast.Inasurveyof54oftheworld's

leadingbrands,almostallofthemreportedthatconsumersareshowingincreasing

careaboutenvironmentallifestyles.Atthesametime,surveysonconsumersinthe

U.S.andtheU.K.showthattheyalsocareabout(6)Aenergyuseand

reducingwaste.

(7)D,consumerscontrolwhathappenstoaproduct.Butsomecompanies

arestartingtorealizethatplacingtheburdenofrecyclingentirelyonthe

consumerisnotaneffectivestrategy,especiallywhen(8)Csomethingseems

liketheeasiestandmostconvenientoption.

Someretailersandmanufacturersintheclothing,footwear,andelectronics

industrieshavelaunched(9)_A_programs.Theywanttomaketheircustomers

interestedin(10)Dtheirproductsandpreventingthingsthatstillhave

valuefromgoingtothelandfill.Byofferingservicestohelpexpandthelongevity

oftheirproducts,they'repromisingqualityand(11)Dtoconsumers,and

receivingthe(12)_D_gainsforbeingenvironmentallyfriendlyandsocially

responsible.

Enormousopportunitiesalso(13)Ae-waste.Itisestimatedthatin

2014theworldproducedsome42millionmetrictonsofe-waste(discarded

electricalandelectronicequipmentanditsparts)withNorthAmericaandEurope

accountingfor8and12millionmetrictons(14)A.Thematerialsfrome-

wasteincludeiron,copper,gold,silver,anda1uminum-materia1sthatcouldbe

reused,resold,recovered,orrecycled.Together,thevalueofthesemetalsis

estimatedtobeabout$52billion.ElectronicsgiantslikeBestBuyandSamsung

haveprovidede-waste(15)Aprogramsoverthepastfewyears,whichaimto

refui'bish(翻新)oldelectroniccomponentsandpartsintonewproducts.

(1)A.forgivableB.accountableC.tolerableD.remarkable

（2）A.alteringB.lengtheningC.obeyingD.upsetting

（3）A.ThereforeB.SomehowC.YetD.Otherwise

（4）A.partlyB.barelyc.preciselyD.exclusively

(5)A.bridgedwithB.subjectedtoc.opposedtoD.associatedwith

（6）A.minimizingB.maintainingc.stimulatingD.deserting

(7)A.Onthe

B.Aboveallc.ForexampleD.Inmostcases

contrary

(8)A.modifyingB.wreckingc.dumpingD.restoring

（9）A.sustainableB.compulsoryc.economicD.educational

(10)A.insuringB.substitutingc.concealingD.preserving

(11)A.

B.productivityc.affordabilityD.durability

accessibility

(12)A.profitableB.emotionalc.predictableD.reputational

(13)A.lieinB.standforc.consistofD.resultin

(14)A.

B.dramaticallyc.evenlyD.thoroughly

respectively

(15)A.take-backB.give-awayc.clean-upD.cut-down

SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowed

byseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefour

choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtothe

informationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

17.（★★★）（8分）NotlongafterTonyBerlinbeganworkingatthestate

driver*slicensefacilityinNilesin1985,henoticedthatsometruckdriverswho

shouldhavefailedtheirexamsmysteriouslypassedthem.Forsixyears,startingin

1992,hecollectedevidencetoshowwhy:Hebelievedtruckdriverswerebribing

stateworkerstogetlicenses.Inanotherturnofthescrew,theworkerswereusing

thosebribestobuyticketstothethensecretaryofstateGeorgeRyan，s

fundraisers,includingforhissuccessfulbidforgovernor.Berlintriedtoexpose

thecorruption（腐?。?hewenttotheFBIandtheupperranksofthesecretary

ofstate'soffice-butwasrepeatedlymetwithindifference.Thenhebeganto

suspectthatthetruckdriverina1994accidentthatkilledsixchildren,allfrom

thesamefamily,gothislicensethroughthescheme.Inamomentthatchanged

everything,BerlinreachedouttotheReverendScottWillis,thechildren,sfather.

ItwashiscalltoWillisthatconnectedthecrashtowhatwouldbecomeknown

asthelicenses-for-bribesscandal（丑聞）.“Berlin'stheonewhostarteditall,“

saystheWillises'lawyer.Afewmonthsafterthatphonecall,theU.S.attorney's

officeinitiatedOperationSafeRoad,anongoingfederalinvestigationthatbythe

endofNovemberhaddisclosed34offenses.

Theinvestigationultimatelynetted75offenses,includingthatofDeanBauer,

Ryan*sinspectorgeneral.Hepleadedguiltyin2001toobstructing（妨礙）justice

andwassentencedto12monthsinprison.ButthebiggestcatchwasRyanhimself,

whowassentencedin2006tosixandahalfyearsforfraudandblackmailing.As

forBerlin,hecontinuedtoworkatstatelicensefacilities,inStreatorand

Pontiac,choosingtostayoutofthepubliceye.

（1）WhatinitiallycausedTonyBerlintoinvestigatethe1icenses-for-bribes

scandal?_B

A.Truckdrivers，bribingstateworkers.

B.Truckdrivers'licensesbeinggrantedtoofreely.

C.Hisworkingatthestatedriver'slicensefacility.

D.Thetruckdriver'skillingsixchildrenina1994accident.

（2）AccordingtoTonyBerlin,thebribesultimatelyranintoB.

A.buyingdrivinglicenses

B.GeorgeRyan'sfundraising

C.coveringthelossoftheWillises

D.supportingthefederalinvestigation

（3）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?_B

A.Tony'scallingWilliswasaturningpointinthewholebribingcase.

B.TonyBerlinbecameahouseholdnameaftertheexposureofthescandal.

C.theFBIfailedtotakeseriousactionthefirsttimeBerlinaskedfor

investigation.

D.GeorgeRyan,thebiggestcriminalbehindthescene,wassentencedtoyearsin

jail.

（4）Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeTonyBerlin?

D

A.Perseverant,dutifulandfame-thirsty.

B.Strong-willed,cooperativeandsociable.

C.Responsible,aggressiveandmerciless.

D.Determined,right-mindedandcourageous.

18.（★★）（6分）（1）PassengersareentitledtotheirmoneybackonC.

A.Anytimeticketscompletelyfreeofcharge

B.Off-Peakticketswithnorestrictions

C.Advanceticketsfortheirtrainnotrunning

D.SuperOff-Peaksthatwentinvalidforhalfayear

（2）ASeasonticketholdsmorerefundablevalueonlywhenD.

A.traincompaniesrefusetocalculatethevaluethatisleftonit

B.youformallyapplytoceaseusingtheticketandhanditback

C.youusetheSeasonTicketRefundCalculatoronthewebsite

D.theproofisgiventhatyouwereunabletotravelduetoillness

（3）WecanlearnfromthepassagethatC.

A.AdvanceticketspurchasedafterJan.4thcanalsoberescheduled

B.passengerswithafixedtimetableareadvisedtobuyAnytimetickets

C.saferapproachestorefundhavebeenintroducedtolimitphysicalcontact

D.servicefromanothertraincompanyisnotavailableifyourtraingetcancelled

REFUNDS（Anytime.AcN?nc?.Off-PeakandSeasonTicket*）

?iQ

1JTX.*=ONotionalRoil

Weunderstandthatin1ightofthelatestgovernmentCORONAVIRUSTRAVELADVICE,

yourtravelplanswillbechanging.Toreflectthis,someterms&conditions

forrefundingticketsorchangingjourneysaredifferenttousual.

RefundsonUnusedTicketsforTravel

?Youcanapplyforrefundsuptofourweeksfromthelastdaythattheticketwas

valid.

?UnusedAnytime,Off-PeakandSuperOff-Peakticketscanberefundedandaservice

feeapplies.Advanceticketsarenotrefundable.Alternatively,youcanchange

yourtickettotravelatalaterdate-See,ChangingTicketsorRequestinga

TravelVoucher，below.

?PLEASENOTEthatifthetrainyouarebookedondoesnotrunoriscanceleddueto

irresistibleforces,refundswillbemadeonALLTICKETSTYPESwithnoservice

fee.

Ifyouareuncertainabouttravelling,youmaywishtoconsiderpurchasingamore

flexibleticket-suchasAnytimeorOff-Peak-fortravel.

ChangingTicketsor

RequestingaTravelVoucher

?IfyouboughtanAdvanceticketbeforetheNationalLockdownwasannouncedon4th

Januaryandwillnolongerbetravelling,youshouldapplyforatravelvoucheror

rescheduleyourjourneyfreeofcharge.Youneedtodothisbeforeyourfirst

traindepartsandpaythedifferenceifyournewticketismoreexpensive.Please

noteyouwillnotbeentitledtoatravelvoucherifyourAdvanceticketwas

purchasedafter4thJan.Speaktotheoriginalretailerofyourticketforadvice.

,Anytime,Off-PeakandSuperOff-Peakticketsaremoreflexibleandcanbechanged

anytimebeforeyoutravel.Thereisnofeetochangethesetickets,youwillonly

needtopayanydifferenceinfare.

RefundingSeason

Tickets

?Unexpired(未逾期的)SeasonTicketscanbesubmittedforrefundatanytimeand

traincompaniescalculatehowmuchisrefundedbyhowmuchvalueisleftonyour

ticket.Theydothisbydeducting(扣除)thevalueofanyotherticketsyou

couldhavetravelledwithinthesametimeuntilyoustoppedusingandreturnyour

SeasonTicket.Refundscanonlybebackdatedwithevidencethatillnessprevented

youfromtravelling.(NationalRailConditionsofTravel,Condition40.4).

,ToseehowmuchyoucouldgetbackfromyourSeasonTicket,trytheSeasonTicket

RefundCalculatorbelow

?Formoreinformation,includingifyourequirearefundduetosicknessthat

preventedyoufromusingaSeasonTicket,seethelinkhere.

?Customerscanstillclaimrefundsremotelyonline,minimizingcontactbetween

customersandstaff,keepingeveryonesafer.Pleaseseeyourretailer*swebsite

fordetails.

TravellingonAnotherTrain

Company'sService

?Inareaswherethereiscancellation,traincompaniesmayagreeacceptanceof

ticketsroutedviaanothercompany.FormoredetaiIs,pleasecontactyourrai1

serviceprovider.

19.(★★★)(8分)TheurgencyandimportanceofCovid-19overthepastyear

havedrivenalmosteverythingelsefrommostleaders*minds.Butsincethevaccine

iskickingin,Britain，sgovernmentisonceagainbeginningtothinkaboutthe

thingsthatwillmatterlater.Nextweek,itisexpectedtopublisha"planfor

growth"toboostproductivity,withinnovationatitscentre.

Theworldmaybeonthepointofatechnologicalboomwithlifesciences,at

whichBritainexcels.Innovationiscrucialtoproductivity,butonthisfront

Britain，sperformancehas1aggedbehinditscompetitors'inrecentyears.Itslow

spendingonResearchandDevelopment(R&D)arguesforaboost.Thosewho

attributedthefinancialfailureinthe1970stotheinsufficiencyofresearch

fundsmayregardthisasathreattoeconomicgrowth.Promotinginnovationcan

quicklyturnintoanexerciseinpickingwinners-or,asismoreoftenthecase,

losers.

Aseconddangeristhatpolicyagendasgetmixedup.Thegovernmenthas

promisedto"levelup〃poorerareasofthecountry,sodeprivedtownsare

campaigningformoremoneyfortheiruniversities.Buttryingtoboostinnovation

bysendingmoneytoweakinstitutionsislikelytomakeourleadinguniversities

losetheiradvantages,thusproducingaverageideasthatcouldhavebeenremarkable.

Britain'sresearch-fundingsystemhasalwaysbeenelitist（精英主義的）.Itshould

staythatway.

Thegovernment'sfirstmoveinboostinginnovationwastheannouncementofa

planforanAdvancedResearchandInventionAgency（ARIA）.ARIA'spurposeisto

fundhigh-risk,high-rewardresearch.Butmoneyisnotallthatmatters.The

successfultranslationoflifescienceresearchintotreatmentsduringthepandemic

suggestssomeinexpensivemeasuresthatcanalsomakeadifference.

Oneistospeedupgovernmentalprocesses.TherapiditywithwhichBritain's

medicalregulatormovedduringthepandemicisonereasonwhythevaccinerollout

isracingthroughthepopulation.Urgencyisnotuniquetopandemics.Getting

thingsdonequicklycanmakeaninvestmentworthwhileanddeterminewherea

businessmanchoosesasabase.

Anotherusefulmeasurethegovernmentshoulduseisitsuniqueabilityto

overcomebarriers.Atthebeginningofthepandemic,Covid-19researcherswere

unabletogainaccesstodifferentstrandsofhealthservicedata.Thegovernment

easedrestrictionsonexistingdataandallowedresearcherstoaskpeoplewhohad

testedpositiveforCovid-19tojointrials.Bothwerecrucialtotheeffort.

Alastprincipleisthevalueofconnectionsbetweenthegovernmentandthe

privatesector.KateBingham,aventurecapitalistwholedthevaccine-purchase

effort,understoodhowtodealwithdrugcompanies.Manyofthecivilservants

workingwithherhadcommercialexperience.Thegovernment'sclosenesstobusiness

duringthepandemichasbeencriticized.Butwithoutit,thevaccineeffortwould

nothavesucceeded.

Innovationtookhumanbeingsfromcavestocomputers.Goodeducation,awelcoming

immigrationpolicyandafriendlybusinessenvironmentwilldomosttotendit.But

afewsensibleprinciplescanhelpkeeptheflameburning.

（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"inParagraph2referto?_A

A.Investinginsufficientmoneyininnovation.

B.Promotinginnovationintechnology.

C.Applyingscienceresultstopracticaluses.

D.Distributingfundstoweakinstitutions.

（2）What'sthepossibleconsequenceoftheBritishgovernment，sattempttoz/level

up〃poorerareas?_C

A.Britain，sresearch-fundingsystemwillremainelitist.

B.Weakinstitutionsaremorelikelytoproduceremarkableresults.

C.Theoutstandinguniversitieswillbeunabletoexhibitremarkableideas.

D.Bothpoorandrichareasinthecountrywilldevelopinabalancedway.

（3）Whatcanbeinferredfromthethreeprinciplesputforwardbythewriter?

A

A.Abusinessmanismorewillingtosetupbusinesswheregovernmentsshowhigh

efficiency.

B.Theadministrativeabilitiesaresouniquetothegovernmentthattheyactually

yieldlittlefruit.

C.Thegovernmentceasedthecooperationwithprivatesectorsforthecritici