單元綜合檢測(二)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(共15小題；每小題2分；滿分30分)AWhatwillpoweryourhouseinthefuture？Nuclear，wind，orsolarpower？AccordingtoscientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)intheUS，itmightbeleaves—butartificial(人造的)ones.Naturalleavesareabletochangesunlightandwaterintoisknownasphotosynthesis(光合作用)．Nowresearchershavefoundawaytoimitatethisseeminglysimpleprocess.TheartificialleafdevelopedbyDanielNoceraandhiscolleaguesatMITcanbeseenasaspecialsiliconchipwithcatalysts(催化劑)．Similartonaturalleaves，itcansplitwaterintohydrogenandoxygenwhenputintoabucketofhydrogenandoxygengasesarethenstoredinafuelcell，whichusesthosetwomaterialstoproduceelectricity，locatedeitherontopofahouseorbesidethehouse.Thoughtheleafisonlyabouttheshapeofapokercard，scientistsclaimedthatitispromisingtobeaninexpensivesourceofelectricityindevelopingcountries.“OnecanimaginevillagesinIndiaandAfricanotlongfromnowpurchasinganaffordablebasicpowersystembasedonthistechnology，”saidNoceraataconferenceoftheAmericanChemicalSociety.Theartificialleafisnotanewfirstartificialleafwasinventedin1997butwastooexpensiveandunstableforpracticalnewleaf，bycontrast，ismadeofcheapmaterials，easytouseandhighlylaboratorystudies，Nocerashowedthatanartificialleafprototype(原型)couldoperatecontinuouslyforatleast45hourswithoutadropinactivity.ThewonderfulimprovementscomefromNocera'srecentdiscoveryofseveralpowerful，newandinexpensivecatalystsmaketheenergytransformationinsidetheleafmoreefficientwithwaterandnow，thenewleafisabout10timesmoreefficientatcarryingoutphotosynthesisthananatural，thedevicecanruninwhateverwaterisavailable：thatis，itdoesn'tneedpureisimportantforsomecountriesthatdon'thaveaccesstopurewater.Withthegoalto“makeeachhomeitsownpowerstation”and“giveenergytothepoor”，scientistsbelievethatthenewtechnologycouldbewidelyusedindevelopingcountries，especiallyinIndiaandruralChina.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇科普文。文章介紹了科學家利用人造樹葉效仿光合作用進行發(fā)電這一新發(fā)明。1．Whichofthefollowingorderscorrectlyshowshowtheartificialleafisusedtoproduceelectricity?a．Artificialleavessplitwaterintohydrogenandoxygen.b．Thehydrogenandoxygengasesarestoredinafuelcell.c．Theartificialleavesareputinwater.d．Thefuelcelluseshydrogenandoxygentoproduceelectricity.A．c，b，a，d B．c，a，b，dC．b，c，a，d D．c，a，d，b【解析】細節(jié)理解題。文章的第三段提到人造樹葉發(fā)電的過程：先把它放在一桶水里，然后樹葉將水分解為氫氣和氧氣，而氫氣和氧氣被存儲于燃料電池里，隨后電池利用氫氣和氧氣的反應(yīng)發(fā)電?！敬鸢浮緽2．ThepurposeofthescientistsatMITindevelopingthenewartificialleafisto________．A．buildupmorepowerstationsintheworldB．providecheaperenergyfordevelopingcountriesC．offerpeopleindevelopingcountriesaccesstopurewaterD．gainadeeperunderstandingofthephotosynthesisprocess【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，人造樹葉發(fā)電這一技術(shù)可以幫助發(fā)展中國家獲得便宜的能源?！敬鸢浮緽3．Themainideaofthispassageis________．A．a(chǎn)nintroductiontothehistoryofartificialleavesB．a(chǎn)ninventioncopyingphotosynthesisC．givingenergytothepoorD．a(chǎn)mixtureofwaterpowerandsolarenergy【解析】主旨大意題。綜觀全文可知，本文主要講述了人造樹葉模擬光合作用發(fā)電這一新發(fā)明?！敬鸢浮緽4．Theunderlinedword“imitate”inParagraph2canbereplacedby“________”．A．produce B．holdC．prevent D．copy【解析】詞義猜測題。畫線部分的前文介紹了什么是光合作用，后文介紹了利用人造樹葉效仿光合作用進行發(fā)電的內(nèi)容，所以該詞的含義應(yīng)該是“效仿”，故D項是最佳答案?！敬鸢浮緿B(2023·江西九江一中高二月考)Sometimesyou'llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'tloveothersuntilyouloveyou'llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'texpectsomeoneelsetoloveyouuntilyouloveway，you'vegottoloveyourselffirstandthiscanbeweallknowthatwe'retheappleofourparents'eyes，andthatourGrandmasthinkwe'regreattalentsandourUncleRobertsthinkthatwewillgotothesometimesit'salothardertothinksuchnicethoughtsaboutyoufindthatbelievinginyourselfisachallenge，itistimeyoubuildapositiveself-imageandlearntoloveyourself.Self-imageisyourownmind'spictureofimageincludesthewayyoulook，thewayyouact，thewayyoutalkandthewayyou，ourself-imageareoftenquitedifferentfromtheimagesothersholdabout，mostoftheseimagesaremorenegativethantheyshouldchangingthewayyouthinkaboutyourselfisthekeytochangingyourself-imageandyourwholeworld.Thebestwaytodefeatapassiveself-imageistostepbackanddecidetostressyouris，makealistifyouneedto，butwritedownallofthegreatthingsyoudoevery'tallowdoubtstooccurinit.Itverywellmightbethatyouareexperiencinganegativeself-imagebecauseyoucan'tmovepastoneflaworweaknessthatyouseeabout，rollupyoursleevesandmakeachangeofitasyourprimaryyouthinkyou'resillybecauseyouaren'tgoodatmath，findayouthinkyou'reweakbecauseyoucan'trunamile，gettothetrackandyouthinkyou'redullbecauseyoudon'twearthelatesttrends，buyafewnewremember，justbecauseyouthinkitdoesn'tmeanit'strue.Thebestwaytogetridofanegativeself-imageistorealizethatyourimageisfarfromobjective，andtoactivelyconvinceyourselfofyourpositivethewayyouthinkandworkingonthoseyouneedtoimprovewillgoalongwaytowardspromotingapositiveself-youcanpat(拍)yourselfontheback，you'llknowyou'rewellonyourluck!【語篇解讀】本文作者主要闡述如何消除否定的自我形象和如何建立肯定的自我形象。5．Youneedtobuildapositiveself-imagewhenyou________．A．daretochallengeyourselfB．feelithardtochangeyourselfC．a(chǎn)reunconfidentaboutyourselfD．haveahighopinionofyourself【解析】細節(jié)理解題。本題題眼在第一段最后一句。關(guān)鍵是理解“Ifyoufindthatbelievinginyourselfisachallenge”，“當你覺得自信是一種挑戰(zhàn)時”，也就是“當你不夠自信時”?！敬鸢浮緾6．Accordingtothepassage，ourself-images________．A．havepositiveeffectsB．a(chǎn)reprobablyuntrueC．a(chǎn)reoftenchangeableD．havedifferentfunctions【解析】細節(jié)理解題。由第四段最后一句和第五段第一句可知?！敬鸢浮緽7．Howshouldyouchangeyourself-imageaccordingtothepassage?A．Tokeepadifferentimageofothers.B．Tomakeyourlifesuccessful.C．Tounderstandyourownworld.D．Tochangethewayyouthink.【解析】細節(jié)理解題。由第二段最后一句“Thuschangingthewayyouthinkaboutyourselfisthekeytochangingyourself-imageandyourwholeworld.”可知。【答案】D8．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Howtoprepareforyoursuccess.B．Howtofacechallengesinyourlife.C．Howtobuildapositiveself-image.D．Howtodevelopyourgoodqualities.【解析】主旨大意題。第一段最后一句中有“buildapositiveself-image，”第三段首句的“Thebestwaytodefeatapassiveself-imageisto...，”最后一段的首句“Thebestwaytogetridofanegativeself-imageisto...”都是說明如何建立肯定的自我形象的?！敬鸢浮緾C(2023·江西吉安一中高二下段考)TheNetherlandsonMondayintroduceditsfirst-everintelligentbicycle，fittedwithelectronicdevicestohelpbringdownthehighaccidentrateamongelderlycyclistsinthebicycle-madcountry.DevelopedforthegovernmentbytheNetherlandsOrganizationforAppliedScientificResearch(TNO)，theintelligentbicyclerunsoncommercial-availablebicycleisexpectedtobeonthemarketinthenexttwoyearsandshouldsellforbetween1，700to3，200eurosperbicycle.Thedevicesonthebikearelinkedthroughanonboardcomputerwithavibrating(震動的)warningsystemfittedinthebicycle'ssaddleandhandlebarstowarncyclistsofthecomingdanger.Thesaddlevibrateswhenothercyclistsapproachfrombehind，while，thehandlebarsdothesamewhenbarriersappearahead.“Accidentsoftenhappenwhencyclistslookbehindthemorgetafrightwhentheyarepassedathighspeed，”saidMauriceKwakkernaat，oneofTNO'sresearchscientistsinvolvedintheproject.“Theonboardsystemtechnologyhasalreadybeenatworkinthecarindustry，”hesaid.“Moreandmoreelderlypeopleareusingabicycle，notonlyforshortdistances，butalsoforlongerdistances，”DutchEnvironmentandInfrastructureMinisterMelanieSchultzvanHaegentoldAFP.“ThistypeofbicycleistrulyneededintheNetherlandsbecauseitwillhelpusbringdownthenumberofelderlypeoplewhoareinjuredeveryyearandallowthemtocontinuetoenjoycycling，”shesaid.IntheNetherlands，bicyclesoutnumberthepopulationof17millionbyatleastonemillionandtherearesome25，000kmofbicyclepathinthestatisticsaresettogrowasmoreandmorepeopletaketotwo-wheeledtransportLastyear，184cyclistsdiedinthecountry，ofwhich124,or67%，wereolderthan65，accordingtotheCentralStatisticsyearbefore，200cyclistsdied，themajorityofvictimsalsobeingelderly.Thecurrentmodelweighs25kilogramsbutresearchersareworkingonmakingtheonboardsystemssmaller.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇科普文，主要介紹了一種新型的、靈巧的自行車。9．Theintelligentbicycleisaimedto________．A．protecttheenvironmentB．helpreducetrafficpressureC．popularizetheuseofbicyclesD．improvesafetyforelderlycyclists【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一句“TheNetherlandsonMondayintroduceditsfirst-everintelligentbicycle，fittedwithelectronicdevicestohelpbringdownthehighaccidentrateamongelderlycyclistsinthebicycle-madcountry.”可知，這種自行車是為了提高年齡較大的騎行者騎車的安全性。故選D項。【答案】D10．Whichpartoftheintelligentbicyclewillvibratewhenothercyclistswassuddenlyfoundahead?A．Thehandlebars.B．Thewheels.C．Thesaddle.D．Theonboardcomputer.【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段的“Thesaddlevibrateswhenothercyclistsapproachfrombehind...”可知選A項?！敬鸢浮緼11．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________．A．theelderlyridebicycleswherevertheygoB．theaccidentrateamongelderlycyclistsishighC．thenumberofelderlycyclistsisdecreasingD．theelderlyareplanningtogiveupcycling【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段的“Lastyear，184cyclistsdiedinthecountry，ofwhich124，or67%，wereolderthan65，accordingtotheCentralStatisticsOffice.”可知選B項。【答案】B12．Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．ATestBicycleB．ElderlyCyclistsC．ASmartBicycleD．ABicycle-madCountry【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了一種新型的適合老年人騎行的、靈巧的自行車。故選C項?！敬鸢浮緾D“Ifyouwanttoseesomethingwell，reachoutandtouchit！”Thatmayseemastrangethingtotouchingthingscanhelpyoutoseethembetter.Youreyescantellyouthataglassballisbyholdingitinyourhands，youcanfeelhowsmoothandcooltheballcanfeelhowheavytheglassyoufeelalltheseabouttheball，youreallyseeit.Withyourskin，youcanfeelexample，yourfingerscantellthedifferencebetweentwocoinsinyourcanfeelalittledropofwateronthebackofyourhand，too.Youcanevenfeelsoundsagainstyouryoueverwantedtoknowwhysomepeoplelikeveryloudmusic？Theymustliketofeelthesoundsofmusic.Allchildrensoonlearnwhat“Don'ttouch！”hearitmostofuskeepontouchingthingsaswegrowshops，weoftenhavetotouchthingsbeforewebuythem.Thebottomsofourfeetcanfeelthings，knowthiswhenyouwalkonwarmsand，coolgrassorahardfeeldifferentunderyourfeet.Therearewaysoflearningtoseewellbywayistocloseyoureyesandtrytofeeleverythingthatistouchingyourtheshoesonyourfeet，theclothesonyourbody，theaironyourskin...Mostmuseumsarejustfortodaysomemuseumshavesomethingstosignssay，“Dotouch！”Thereyoucanfeeleverythingonshow.【語篇解讀】本文主要講了如果你想更好的看事物，就要去觸摸，這樣才能真正的了解和認識事物。13．Bytouchingthings，________．A．youwillhaveastrangefeelingB．youwilllearnhowtoreachoutC．youcanseethingsbetterD．youcantellwhatcolorstheyare【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Butbyholdingitinyourhands，youcanfeelhowsmoothandcooltheballcanfeelhowheavytheglassyoufeelalltheseabouttheball，youreallyseeit.”第四段“Withyourskin，youcanfeelbetter.”可知通過觸摸，我們可以了解更多關(guān)于所見物品的信息，故C正確。【答案】C14．Whichofthefollowingbestservesasthebesttitleofthestory?A．TouchingbyFeelingB．ToSeeortoFeelC．SeeingbyFeelingD．SeeingIsBelieving【解析】主旨大意題。文章主要講的就是關(guān)于能更好的了解事物的方法——觸摸。故C正確?！敬鸢浮緾15．Whenpeoplebuythingsinshops，theyoften________．A．trythemonfirstB．puttheirrighthandonthemC．justhavealookD．feelandtouchthem【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一行“Mostmuseumsarejustfortodaysomemuseumshavesomethingstotouch.”說明現(xiàn)在的博物館里游客已經(jīng)可以觸摸展覽品了，故D說法正確?！敬鸢浮緿Ⅱ.閱讀填句(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)(2023·河北邢臺一中高二下月考)Ofthemanyunpleasantemotionswecanexperience，fearmaytoptheFearcanalsokeepusfrompursuingthethingsinlifethatreallymatter—likefollowingourdreams，anddevelopingimportanthavesomeideas，though，ofhowtobefreefromfear.●Experiencefear.IusedtobeveryafraidofspeakinginfrontofwouldgetsweatypalmsandmystomachwouldbesotriedupthatIwouldn'tbeableto，eachtimeIspoke，Inoticedafterwardsthatitwasn'tthatIfearareneverasbadinrealityasImakethemoutinmy●Createspace.Thefirstandmostimportantsteptobeingfearlessistocreatesomespacebetweenourselvesandtheemotionofisn'taccomplishedbyignoringthefear，ortryingtotalkourselvesoutofInfact，arecentresearchshowsthatbysimplyadmittingtheemotionweactuallybegintoreversethe“fightorflight(逃避)”responseinthebody.●Controlthebreathandfeelthefear.Onceweacknowledgethepresenceoffear，thesecondstepistocontrolthebreathingsothatitbecomesslowerandtrytomakethebreathjustalittlebitlonger，andfeelhowfearmanifests(展現(xiàn))intheWithpractice，wecancreateenoughspacebetweenusandtheemotionoffearsothatwe'reabletoreplaceafearfulthoughtwithapositiveForinstance，beforeIgetuptospeakinfrontofagroupofpeople，IimaginethattheaudienceispositivelyimpressedbywhatIsayandthatImanagetocompletethespeechsuccessfully.A．Wecanimagineapositiveoutcomeforwhateverwe'reabouttodo.B．Spaceiscreatedonlywhenwecanhonestlyacknowledgethatfearexists.C．Fear，ifleftuncontrolled，canevendestroyourlife.D．Aswepayattentiontothephysicalsymptomsoffear，wecanseefearobjectively.E．Whenwecanseeapositiveoutcomeinourmind，fearnolongerholdsusback.F．Butfearismorethanjustphysicallyunpleasant.G．Soonewaytogetridoffearistosimplypushourselvestodothingsthatwefear.【答案】16－20FGBDAⅢ.完形填空(共20小題；每小題分，滿分30分)IwassurethatIwastobebecameterriblyreachedinmypocketstoseeiftherewereanycigarettes，whichhad__21__theirfound__22__andbecauseofmyshakinghands，Icould__23__getittomyIhadnomatches，theyhadtakenlooked__24__thebarsatmydidnotmakeeyecontactwith__25__outtohim“Haveyougotalight？”Helookedatme，shruggedandcameovertolightmyhecamecloseandlitthematch，hiseyesinadvertentlylockedwiththatmoment，I__27__．Idon'tknowwhyIdiditwas__28__，perhapsitwasbecause，whenyougetvery，onetoanother，itisvery__29__nottothatinstant，itwas__30__asparkjumpedacrossthegapbetweenourtwohearts，ourtwohumanknowhedidn'twantto，butmysmileleapedthroughthebarsandgeneratedsmileonhislips，litmycigarettebut__31__，lookingatmedirectlyintheeyesandcontinuingtosmile.I__32__smilingathim，nowawareofhimasa(n)__33__andnotjustahislookingatmeseemedtohaveanew__34__too.“Doyouhavekids？”heasked.“Yes，here，here.”Itookoutmywalletandnervouslyfumbledforthe__35__ofmy，too，tookoutthepicturesofhisfamilyandbegantotalkabouthisplansandhopesforeyesfilledwithsaidthatIfearedthatI'dneverseemyfamilyagain，neverhavethechancetoseethemgrowcametohiseyes，withoutanotherword，he__37__mycell(牢房)andsilentlyledmeofthejail，quietlyandbybackroutes，outofthe，attheedgeoftown，hereleasedwithoutanotherword，heturnedbacktowardthetown.“Mylifewas__38__byasmile.”Yes，thesmile—theunaffected，unplanned__39__connectionbetweenreallybelievethatifthatpartofyouandthatpartofmecould__40__eachother，wewouldn'tbecouldn'thavehateorenvyorfear.【語篇解讀】《微笑》是法國作家安東尼·圣艾修伯里的作品，圣艾修伯里是名飛行員，二次大戰(zhàn)對抗納粹時被擊落身亡，之前他也曾參加西班牙內(nèi)戰(zhàn)打擊法西斯分子。他根據(jù)這次經(jīng)驗寫了一篇精彩的故事——《微笑》。他的代表作《小王子》是美國人都很熟悉的童話故事。21． B．givenC．escaped D．reached【解析】此處的escapedtheirsearch字面上就表示出“(煙)逃離了他們的搜查”，也就是“沒有被他們搜走(的煙)”?！敬鸢浮緾22． B．itC．that D．one【解析】one指代前文中的一支煙?！敬鸢浮緿23． B．quicklyC．possibly D．likely【解析】因為“手抖”，所以“好不容易地”把煙放進嘴里。【答案】A24． B．throughC．a(chǎn)t D．up【解析】bars指監(jiān)獄的鐵窗，透過鐵窗的間隙看著獄卒，下文也有提示。【答案】B25． B．explainedC．called D．repeated【解析】根據(jù)下文的(獄卒)“cameover”判斷我們隔著些距離，應(yīng)該是“大聲叫道”。【答案】C26． B．BeforeC．After D．Until【解析】當他靠近的時候。【答案】A27． B．shookC．refused D．smiled【解析】那一刻，我微笑了。也正是這一微笑，消除了他們之間的隔閡?！敬鸢浮緿28． B．nervousnessC．bitterness D．sympathy【解析】可能是因為緊張，這是對一位蹲監(jiān)獄的人的一種合乎邏輯的推測?！敬鸢浮緽29． B．hardC．ridiculous D．embarrassing【解析】當你如此靠近另一個人，你很難不對他微笑?！敬鸢浮緽30． B．a(chǎn)swellasC．a(chǎn)sthough D．a(chǎn)slongas【解析】微笑如同火花般，打破了我們心靈間的隔閡?！敬鸢浮緾31．a(chǎn)way B．droppedoutC．leftbehind D．stayednear【解析】根據(jù)“l(fā)ookingatmedirectlyintheeyes”可判斷出。【答案】D32． B．stoppedC．began D．forgot【解析】獄卒朝我微笑，我自然也微笑，認識到他不僅僅是一名獄卒。【答案】A33． B．enemyC．opponent D．person【解析】認識到他不僅僅是一名獄卒，也是一個有血有肉有感情的人。【答案】D34． B．suggestionC．impression D．concept【解析】下文他突然問及孩子，所以這里是有了另外一個念頭?！敬鸢浮緼35AC．pictures D．wallet【解析】根據(jù)下文“He，too，tookoutthepicturesofhisfamily...”可知?！敬鸢浮緾36． B．UnconsciouslyC．Unwillingly D．Suddenly【解析】獄卒聽作者說他的家庭和孩子，不禁觸及他內(nèi)心柔軟的部分令他落淚，“突然”二話不說打開門讓他逃走。【答案】D37． B．unlockedC．uncontrolled D．undefended【解析】unlock打開(牢房)。【答案】B38． B．destroyedC．saved D．ignored【解析】是微笑“救了”他的命?！敬鸢浮緾39． B．naturalC．different D．frequent【解析】微笑是人與人之間最自然、真摯的溝通方式?！敬鸢浮緽40． B．a(chǎn)dmireC．notice D．recognize【解析】如果我們能用心靈去認識彼此，世間就不會有結(jié)怨成仇的憾事：恨意、嫉妒、恐懼也會不復存在?！敬鸢浮緿Ⅳ.語法填空(共10小題；每小題分，滿分15分)Onedayanantwasdrinkingatasmallstreamandfellmadedesperateefforts(reach)theside，butmadenoprogressatpoor(exhaust)antwasstillbravelydoingherbestwhenadovesawbyher(determine)andperseverance，thebirdthrewherabladeofgrass，supportedherlikearaft，andthustheantreachedthebankshewasrestinganddrying(she)inthegrass，she(hear)amancomewaswalkingalongbarefootedaguninhissoonashesawthedove，hewishedtokillwouldcertainlyhavedoneso，buttheantbithiminthefootjustasheraisedhisguntostoppedtoseehadbithim，andthedove(immediate)flewwasananimalmuch(weak)thathadsavedherlife.【答案】41．toreach根據(jù)句意，可知此處要用不定式表目的，故填toreach。42．exhausted根據(jù)文意，可知此處要用一個形容詞修飾其后的名詞ant，故用exhausted。43．determination分析句意，可知空格前是一個形容詞性物主代詞，故其后用名詞determination。44．which分析句子，可知這是一個非限制性定語從句，在從句中缺主語。由于先行詞是空格前的abladeofgrass，可知要用關(guān)系代詞which。45．herself由于空格前的drying在本句中是一個及物動詞，故其后應(yīng)該用賓語，根據(jù)句意，故填herself。46．heard根據(jù)文意，整篇文章都是以一般過去時的時態(tài)敘述整件事的，故動詞用過去式。47．with根據(jù)句意，可知此處要用一個介詞表伴隨，根據(jù)介詞的性質(zhì)，可知要用with。48．what分析句子，可知本句是一個賓語從句，在從句中缺少主語，要填what。49．immediately分析句子，可知空格處應(yīng)該用一個副詞來修飾其后面的動詞flew，故用immediately。50．weaker分析句子，可知空格前是much，故可知空格處應(yīng)該用形容詞的比較級。根據(jù)句意，故填weaker。Ⅴ.短文改錯(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)【導學號：73450038】The“onlychild”policyhasbeenchangedinourispossiblethatsomeofusmayhaveabrotherandasurveyabouttheacceptanceofasibling，mostofmyclassmatesayareverygladtohaveacompanionathome，withwhichtheywillnolongerfeel，theycanlearntoofferhelpto，thefewwhosaynoisafraidt