Onemaninaboat獨(dú)坐孤舟catchv.抓到

v.捉住，逮住，捕獲Thepolicehavecaughtthethief.Haveyoucaughtanyfishtoday?catch的一些固定用法catchacold染上感冒catchone'sbreath摒住呼吸c(diǎn)atchsightof=see看見catchfire著火catchone'seyes吸引某人注意力catchthebus：趕車-----missthebus錯(cuò)過車catchphrase標(biāo)語(yǔ)，引人注意的句子★fishermann.釣魚人，漁民fish→fisherman(pl.fishermen)1)fish魚（pl.)單復(fù)數(shù)同形Theycaughtmanyfishthatmorning.2)fishes不同種類的魚HestudiesthefishesintheIndianOcean.drinklikeafish牛飲anoddfish奇怪的家伙fishingintroubledwater渾水摸魚fishforcompliments沽名釣譽(yù)

Itisjustlikeafish'sdrinkingwater,itknowsthewarmthorcoolness.

如魚飲水，冷暖自知。

★bootn.靴子apairofbootshaveone’sheartinone’sboots極為悲觀消沉haveone’sheartinone’smouth極為恐懼boots長(zhǎng)筒靴rubberboots橡膠長(zhǎng)靴runningshoes跑鞋tennisshoes網(wǎng)球鞋leathershoes皮鞋sandles涼鞋slipper拖鞋loafer平底便鞋sneakers輕便運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋(Am.)★realizev.意識(shí)到realadj.真的→realizev.意識(shí)到→realityn.現(xiàn)實(shí)1）認(rèn)識(shí)到，意識(shí)到（不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，人做主語(yǔ)。）realize(=beawareof)one'smistakeherealizedthathewaslying.2)v.實(shí)現(xiàn)（計(jì)劃等）（可用于主動(dòng)，也可用于被動(dòng)）

realizeone'shope/dream/planHerealizedhisdreamatlast.→Hisdreamwasrealizedatlast.Herworstfearswererealized.★wastevt./n.浪費(fèi)1)wastevt.浪費(fèi)Youarewastingtime.Don’twasteyourtime,moneyandenergy.2)wasten.浪費(fèi)awasteof對(duì)…的浪費(fèi)Itisawasteoftime/money/feeling/food.gotowaste變成廢物wasteaway(人，體力）衰弱wastebasket廢紙簍（美）wastepaperbasket廢紙簍（英）【課文講解】Fishingismyfavouritesport.動(dòng)詞＋ing(動(dòng)名詞)：做主語(yǔ)favouriteadj.最喜歡的無(wú)比較級(jí)，最高級(jí)RedandBlackismyfavouritebook.n.心愛的人(物)，最喜愛的東西Thatsongisoneofhisfavourites.Sheisheraunt’sfavourite.

Ioftenfishforhourswithoutcatchinganything.withoutprep.沒有prep+n./v.-ing/pron.Hewentoutwithoutsayinganything.Hewentoutandhedidn’tsayanything.

Butthisdoesnotworryme.worryv.使…擔(dān)心worrysb.使…擔(dān)心困擾某人Mylittledaughterworriedmealot.beworriedabout對(duì)…感到擔(dān)心

beanxiousabout:veryworriedIwasworriedaboutmylittledaughter.Insteadofcatchingfish,theycatcholdbootsandrubbish.

insteadof不做…而做…insteadof后面的詞一定是沒有做的，可以放在主句后面without強(qiáng)調(diào)沒有做某件事，insteadof強(qiáng)調(diào)這件事沒做成而做成了另外一件事我原準(zhǔn)備做……但是后來做了……Igotoschoolinsteadofstayingathome.Iboughtbooksinsteadofbuyingdresses.insteadof+n./pron./v.-ingrubbishn.垃圾apileofrubbishaheapofrubbisheg.Don’ttalkrubbish.別說廢話了。garbage1)（廚房里的）菜屑碎肉，殘羹剩肴，垃圾(Am.)

2)（口）不足取的東西，愚蠢的想法garbagecan垃圾桶(Am.)dustbin(Br.)garbagecollector垃圾收集清潔員dustman(Br.)garbagetruck垃圾車dustcart(Br.)

Iamevenlesslucky.even甚至more/lessluckyless+原級(jí)(消極比較級(jí)):Aisless...thanBA比B更不...Iamlesshappythanbefore.Thisstoryislessinterestingthanthatone.notso/as...as不及，不如Iamnotsohappyasbefore.Thisstoryisnotsointerestingasthatone.Afterhavingspentwholemorningsontheriver,Ialwaysgohomewithanemptybag.

after(conj.)+從句，從句主語(yǔ)必須是主句的主語(yǔ)才能換成下面一種形式after(prep.)+名詞／動(dòng)詞的ing形式AfterIgotoschool,Ilearnedalotofknowledge.Aftergoingtoschool,Ilearnedalotofknowledge.Afterthestudentshandedintheirpapers,theteacherleft.

spendtime/money/energyonsth.spendtime/money/energy(in)doingsth.'Youmustgiveupfishing!'myfriendssay.'It'sawasteoftime.'

giveupgiveupfishing/smoking/fightinggiveout分發(fā)，發(fā)出；公布，發(fā)表；用盡，精疲力竭givein

v.屈服；讓步；交上giveaway

泄露；分發(fā)；出賣it’s與its的區(qū)別it’s是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，its是形容詞物主代詞It’sacoldday.Itisrainingtoo.Thecatdrankitsmilk.Thisenginehaslostitspower.I'mnotreallyinterestedinfishing.Iamonlyinterestedinsittinginaboatanddoingnothingatall!beinterestedinsth./doingsth.Eeresting令人感興趣的（一般物做主語(yǔ)）Fishingisnotinteresting.excited/excitingsurprised/surprisingdisappointed/disappointingsitinaboat坐在船上beinthesameboat同舟共濟(jì)burnone’sboatbehindoneself破釜沉舟rocktheboats（因意見不同）攪局搗亂misstheboat錯(cuò)失良機(jī)notatall在否定句中起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用根本不Thereisnothingtoeatatall.Idon’tlikethatrudefellowatall.關(guān)鍵句型—?jiǎng)用~1）動(dòng)名詞是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語(yǔ)形式；2）v.+ing形式;3)它在句中起名詞的作用，可單獨(dú)或引起短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)，或介詞的賓語(yǔ)以及定語(yǔ)。）

V-ing形式作主語(yǔ)往往表示抽象、籠統(tǒng)的動(dòng)作或泛指某動(dòng)作或行為。如：

a.)Gettingupearlyisagoodhabit. b.)FishingisTom’sfavoritehobby. c.)Cryingoverspiltmilkisnouse. d.)Arguingwithhimisawasteoftime.Subject注：動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)與不定式作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：

動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)通常表示抽象的或泛指的動(dòng)作，一般不與特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起；不定式作主語(yǔ)通常表示具體的動(dòng)作或行為，往往與特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起，如：It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(抽象)Herealizedthattogoonlikethiswasnouse.(具體)

在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中，一般可以互換，差異不大。但在下列幾種情況中不能互換：

a.當(dāng)表語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，主語(yǔ)也要用動(dòng)名詞；當(dāng)表語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，主語(yǔ)也要用不定式，如：Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.b.動(dòng)名詞和不定式作主語(yǔ)，一般都可以使用形式主語(yǔ)it，而將動(dòng)名詞或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中，一般宜用動(dòng)名詞，不宜用不定式來代替：It’snousedoing…It’snogooddoing…It’sawasteoftimedoing…例如：It’snousegoingtheretoday;hewon’tbeathome.It’sawasteoftimearguingaboutit.

而在It’simportant…/It’snecessary…/It’sessential…/It’sfitting…這類句型中，只能用不定式，如：It’simportanttolearnforeignlanguages.It’squitenecessarytoreaditmanytimes.2)V-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)

a.)Shesattherewithoutspeaking. b.)Davidisinterestedindriving.

c.)DoyoumindturningontheTV? d.)Bettyenjoyslisteningtopopmusic.Object★

能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有兩類：一類是只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，其中有：avoid,admit,consider,delay,advise,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,mind等，如：Maryisconsideringchangingherjob.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Wouldyoumindringingmeuptomorrow?另一類是既可以用動(dòng)名詞，又可以用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，其中有：continue,forget,hate,intend,like,love,plan,prefer,propose,regret,remember,start,try,want,need,can’tafford等。

B.

在need,want,deserve等后，可用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)含義，或用不定式的被動(dòng)式，意義上無(wú)差別。但用動(dòng)名詞較為普遍，（這時(shí)主語(yǔ)一般是物），如：Thedoorneedsoiling/tobeoiled.