書信建議信道歉信抱怨信感謝信邀請信段一，寫信原因makingasuggestion/makingarequest/maikinganapology段二，說明對方做了什么并對自己產(chǎn)生了什么影響、帶來了什么等段三，提出自己希望的效果、方案、建議等，并細(xì)化段四，希望盡快得到回音建議DearSir/Madam:IamdelightedtolearnthatyourlibraryistakingstepstoupgradeitsequipmentandIamwritingthislettertooffersomesugestions.Asisknowntoallithisneighborhood,yourlibraryhasnotonlybeenhelpfulforthlocalstudents,butalsoplaysanimportantroleintheworkandleisureofthelocalprofessionals.Therefore,yourlibrarysholdbeequippedwithawiderangeofelectronicdevicesandfacilities,including.....(projectors,reordingequipment,videocollectionsandmulti-mediarooms)Morecomputerswithaccesstotheinternetshouldalsobeavailableinyourlibrary.Tomygreatdisapoointment,onlyonecomputerinyourlibraryhasinternetaccess.Thissituationshouldbechangedimmediately,otherwisemorelocalresidentswouldendupfeelingdisappointedwiththislibrary.Iwouldbegratefulindeedifyoucantakemyproposalsintoseriousconsideration.落款yourssincerely+name抱怨Iamwritingtocomplainaboutaproductmadebyyour.....AfewmonthsagoIpurchaseda......by....AfterafewweeksIfoundthatithadseriouslydamaged.......NowIwanttoaskyoutochange....IamquiteannoyedbythefacythatsometimeswhenI.....Pleasechange......for....thatwillnot...Otherwise,Iwouldaskyoutogivemymoneyback,orIwouldcomplaintotheConsumers'Association.I'mwritingtobringtoyourattentiontheunprofessionalattitudeofoneofthemembersofyourstaffI'msorrytoinformyouthat...I'mwritingtoexpressmydissatisfactionwith..(人，事，物）Iwouldliketosuggestthat...Itseemstomethatyoucould...Iamverygladtohearthat...,soIamwritingthislettertooffermysuggestions.Iwouldreallyappreciateitifyoutakemyproposalsintoseriousconsideration.圖標(biāo)作文五種類型：Table表格LineGraph線圖BarChart柱狀圖PieChart餅狀圖ProcessDiagram流程圖三個核心1、Objectivity（客觀性）2、Accuracy（精確性）3、Thoroughness（詳盡性）開頭ThepiechartsshowunitsofelectricityproductionbyfuelsourceinAustraliaandFrancein1980and20000.ThechartscomparethesourcesofelectricityinAustraliaandFranceintheyears1980and2000ThegraphshowsthequantitiesofgoodstransportedintheUKbetween1974and2002byfourdifferentmodesoftransport.ThegraphillustratesthequantitiesofgoodstransportedintheUKbyfourdifferentmodesoftransportbetweenthetimeperiodof1974and2002.主體段

主體段首句Itcanbeseenfromthegraphthatthequantitiesofwaterusedforagricultural,industrialanddomesticpurposesallincreasedthroughoutthecentury.Aswecanseefromthelinegraph,thesizeoftheaudiencefluctuatedoverthe24hoursThepiechartshowsthattherearefourmaincausesoffarmlandbecomingdegradedintheworldtoday.主體段常用詞表示上升：goup/increase/rise/growItisexpectedtomaintainthisleveluntil2030,whiletheothersshouldriseslightlyafter2025.表示下降：decline/fall/drop/decreaseWorkers'salariessawafallfrom28%in1981toonly15%ofspendingin2001.表示由....組成的bemadeupof/becomposedof/consistof表示穩(wěn)定在某一水平上的remainstableat表示經(jīng)歷了某種變化：see、experience、witnessThecostoffurnitureandequipmentsawanoppositetrend/TheunemploymentrateinEuropeexperiencedasharpincreasefrom2.5%toapproximately9%inthelate1970s.主體段常用詞表示占多少份額accountfor/makeup/represent/consituteItrepresented23%oftheschoolbudget.Commercialbuildingsaccountedfor32%oftotalenergyconsumptionin2007.表示急劇的形容詞：sharp/rapid/dramatic表示持續(xù)的形容詞：gradual/continuous/steady/consistent表示顯著的，大幅度的significant/substantial/considerable/noticeable/markedsignificantlyhigher/considerablyfaster表示很小幅度的形容詞：slight表示大約的副詞:about/around/approximately表示分別的副詞：respectivelyGlobally,65%ofdegradationiscausedbytoomucanimalgrazingandtreeclearance,constituting35%and30%respectively.圖表題同義詞代換show:giveinformationabout......./illustrate/compareproportion:percentagecategories(種類）:kinds/typesinformation:datathenumberof+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式thefigurefor+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式/不可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)e.g.Nearly17%ofthelocalpopulationwasfromminorityethniccommunities,withthefigureforchildrenunderfifteenconsiderablyhigherat21.6%.influence:affect/effect結(jié)尾段Itisevidentthatcollegestudentsspendthemajorityoftheirtimeonnewspapers,butmuchlessontherestofreadingmaterials.Itisobviousthatthemajorityofcollegestudents'timeisspentonnespapers,withmuchlessontherestofreadingmaterials.Themostseriousoneisthatcollegestudentsspendlessandlesstimereadingclassics,whicharetheessenceofliterature,Themostdisturbingoneisthatthecollegestudents'timespentonreadingclassics,theessenceofliterature,isdiminishing.Themostserousoneisthatcollegestudentsspendincreasinglylesstimereadingclassics,whicharetheesseneofliterature.Collegestudents'choiceofreadingmaterials1、描述餅狀圖表達(dá)的內(nèi)容2、說明大學(xué)生選擇不同閱讀材料的原因3、提出自己的觀點用詞相對正式、表達(dá)連貫時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r第四套題翻譯

canbetracedback

reflects/notion/symbolize

Dishes/placedat

inparticular/particularly/addsto

Arecentbook/practice第四套題翻譯Chineseliketoeattogether,whichisatraditionthat

canbetracedback

alongtimeago.

It

reflects

theChinesenotionofunionversusdivisionroundtables,rounddishes,androundbowlsallsymbolizeunionandperfection.Dishesareusuallyplacedat

thecenterofthetablesothateveryonearoundthetablecansharethem.Ahotpot,

inparticular,addstotheatmosphereofharmonyandunion.Friendsalsoliketoeatandlivetoghther.

Arecentbook

byanAmericanSinologistheldthattheChinesecollectivetraditiondevelopedoutofthepracticeofeatingtogether.近似話題翻譯中國的餐桌一般來說是圓形的，大家能平等交談,餐桌會擺放空碗、盤子和筷子。菜肴放在中間，大家一起分享。中國食物基本都很健康，并且擺放美觀。廚師注重菜肴的色、香、味甚至比營養(yǎng)更重要。請客吃飯是顯示對客人的尊重和熱情。喝酒是生意的一部分,你需要喝得跟別人一樣多。如果你不能喝酒，一開始就需要表明。

AChinesediningtableisusuallyroundallowingeveryonetoengageequallyinconversation.Itwillbesetwithemptybowls,plates,sanchopsticksforeachperson.Cookeddishesareplacedintothecentreofthetabletobesharedbetweeneveryone.

Chinesefoodisgenerallyhealthyandoftenbeautifullypresented.Chinesediningisaboutshowingrespectandhospitalityfortheguests.Drinkingisoftenapartofdoingbusinessanditisexpectedthatyou’llkeepupwithothers.Ifyoudonotwanttodrinkalcohol,makeitclearbeforeyoustart.翻譯1中國的面子是指某個人在他人眼中的社會地位和名聲。中國人一生都用言語和行動維護(hù)和提升面子。中國的關(guān)系，本質(zhì)上就是個人利益的聯(lián)系。“互相幫忙，互相恩惠”。這跟西方社會的人際網(wǎng)絡(luò)類似。家人、朋友和商業(yè)伙伴的關(guān)系經(jīng)常緊密交織。中國的中庸之道(theDortrineoftheMean)是指個人保持跟群體的一致與和諧。中國人最理想的生活狀態(tài)就是既中庸又能實現(xiàn)個人目標(biāo)。工作中也是如此，員工要做到既不野心勃勃，又不懶惰懈怠。referto/mean/involve/canbedescribedas....maintainandenhance/bothwordsandactions/speechhelpeachotherformutualinterest/Youscratchmyback,I'llscratchyourscanbecomparedto/besimilartocloselyinterwoven(weave:wove,woven)maintainconformityandasenseofharmony/comformVneither....nor......例文Theconceptof“face”canbedescribedassomeone’ssocialstatusorreputationintheeyesofothers.ThroughoutaChineseperson’slife,itmustbemaintainedandenhancedbybothwordsandactions.Guanxiliterallymeans“connections”or“relationship”forpersonalinterests.“Youscratchmyback,I’llscratchyours”.ItcanbecomparedwiththeideaofnetworkingintheWest.Relationshipsbetweenfamily,friendsandbusinessassociatesareoftencloselyinterwoven.KnownastheDoctrineoftheMean,thisconceptinvolvesbalancingone’spositionamongagrouptomaintainconformityandasenseofharmony.Todothiswhilestillachievingone’spersonalobjectivesisconsideredbytheChinesepeopletheidealwayofliving.Thiscanbeappliedtotheworkplace,whereoneshouldbehaveinawaywhichisseentobeneitherambitiousnorlazyatthesametime.翻譯2中歐經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易合作取得了可喜的成果。歐盟巳經(jīng)成為中國的重要經(jīng)貿(mào)伙伴，是中國最大的技術(shù)供應(yīng)方、第三大貿(mào)易伙伴和第五大實際投資方。2001年，中歐貿(mào)易達(dá)到766億美元，比上一年增長11%，尤其是中國從歐盟的進(jìn)口增長了15.8%。我非常贊賞歐中貿(mào)協(xié)(Europe-ChinaBusinessAssociation)與比中經(jīng)貿(mào)理事會(Belgium-ChineseEconomicandCommercialCouncil)為發(fā)展中歐關(guān)系所做出的努力。中歐經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易合作具有廣闊的前景。中歐經(jīng)濟(jì)具有很強(qiáng)的互補(bǔ)性，在貿(mào)易、投資、科技等領(lǐng)域具有很大的合作潛力。EU=EuropeanUnion，表示歐盟;“結(jié)果，取得成果”yieldfruit，bringgoodresults/achievegratifyingresults/yieldhearteningfruits/promising(有前途的)“最大”thelargest;“第幾大”可譯為the+序數(shù)詞+largest，第三大”譯為thethirdlargest;“貿(mào)易伙伴”譯為economicandtradepartner;“實際投資方”譯為actualinvestor。2001年：一般過去時；之前時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時Theyhavebeennegotiatingabilateral（雙邊）tradedeal.他們一直在商談一項雙邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定.reach/achieve/importfrom/76.6billiondollars;billion意為“10億”;“1億”onehundredmilliongrewby15.8%/increasedby15.8%。increase的反義詞為decrease，二者用法相同relathionship/tie表示的“關(guān)系”比relationship的情感色彩更強(qiáng)烈一些，;意為“緊密關(guān)系”非常贊賞：highlyapprechiate..../speachhighlyof努力：efforts可譯為arestronglycomplimentarytoeachother,complimentary意為“互補(bǔ)的”?！熬哂小眅njoy生動，帶有較強(qiáng)的感情色彩;enjoy/havehugepotentialforcooperationin....areas/infieldslike.....例文：China-EUeconomicandtradecooperationhasyieldedhearteningfruits.TheEUhasnowbecomeanimportanteconomicandtradepartnerofChina,workingasthelargesttechnologysupplier,thethirdlargesttradingpartnerandthefifthlargestactualinvestorinChina.Bilateraltradereached76.6billiondollarsin2001,achievingan11%increasecomparedtothepreviousyear.Inparticular,China’simportsfromtheEUgrewby15.8%