初三英語(yǔ)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)1.問(wèn)職業(yè)：Whatbe+主語(yǔ)？=Whatdoes/do+主語(yǔ)+do?/What‘sone'sjob?eg.Heisateacher.（提問(wèn)）2.It’snicetalkingtoyou.與你談話真高興。3.表方式的短語(yǔ)1）onfoot2）by+交通名詞單數(shù)（無(wú)冠詞）=in/ona（the;物主代詞；名詞所有格）eg.1）bybike/plane/train/bus=onabike/plane/train/busbycar=inacar2）Hegoestoworkbyabikeeveryday.（改錯(cuò)）fmust:個(gè)人主觀上認(rèn)為“必須”（無(wú)時(shí)態(tài)變化）haveto:有外部條件強(qiáng)加的客觀上的“不得不”（存在各種時(shí)態(tài)）eg.1）Istoponthewaybecauseoftherain.I_stopbecauseI’malittletired.△5.提建議Shallwe「?答肯定：Goodidea/OK/Let's… AllrightWhynot…?語(yǔ)否定：No,let's…?肯定：Certainly/Yes,please/另外還可回答為Yes,Ithinkso/I,dloveto否定：No,Idon'tthinkso/I'mafraidnot.rputon強(qiáng)調(diào)“穿”的動(dòng)作：穿上，戴上后接△6..wear是puton之后的結(jié)果：穿著 “衣服”=bein 名詞dresssb/oneself/color:給某人穿衣eg.1)You,dbettermoreclotheswhenyougoout.It'scoldoutside.A.wear B.dress C.putonD.takeoff2)Theboycanhimselfnow.A.wear B.dress C.putonD.takeoffTomiswearingaredshirttoday.A.isonB.isinC.isputtingon△7.在具體的某樓前用oneg.Helivesonthefifteenthfloor.△8.Howdoyoulike…?你覺(jué)得 怎么樣？=Whatdoyouthinkof…?eg.Howdoyouthenewfilm?=Whatdoyou thenewfilm?你覺(jué)得這部新電影怎么樣？9.alittle=abit 但注意：1)alittle+名詞=abitof+名詞)eg.Thereisalittle(abitof)waterintheglass2)notalittle=venotabit=notatall△10.quite:quitea(an)+形+名very:avery+形+名eg.Thisisaveryinterestingbook.=Thisisquiteaninterestingbook.11.inahurry:匆忙地/hurryupeg.1)Heisinahurryallday.2)Shewenttoschoolinahurry.另夕卜：hurryto…=goto…inahurry12.marrysb=bemarriedtosb.與某人結(jié)婚getmarried=bemarried已婚；結(jié)婚(但getmarried是“短命”動(dòng)詞，要指“結(jié)婚多久”應(yīng)用bemarried)eg.1)Shemarriedwithadoctor俄錯(cuò))2)Shehasgotmarriedfortenyears(找錯(cuò))△13.leavesth+地點(diǎn)：把某物忘在某地forgetsth:忘記某事eg.1)Hethedriver,slicenseyesterday.2)Imyumbrellainthetrainjustnow.△14.感嘆句What(a,an)+形+名(+主+謂)！(注:?但名詞為不可數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，則不用a/an)How+形/副(+主+謂)！eg.1)badweather! 2)hardtheyareworking!goodgirlsheis! 4)beautifulflowerstheyare!!“雨大，雪大“heavyiheavily/hard△15.“風(fēng)大"strong---strongly“太陽(yáng)大"bright---brightly注意以上詞的形、副區(qū)別eg.1)Therewasarainyesterday.2)Itblewlastnight.3)Thesunisshining.4)Look!It,sraining.

5）Whatawind!jhowlong:多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間（問(wèn)時(shí)間段）△16.howoften:多久一次（問(wèn)頻率）howsoon=when:何時(shí)（in+短時(shí)間）howfar距離多長(zhǎng)howfar距離多長(zhǎng)eg.1）--doeshegohome?-Onceaweek.2）--wereyouawayfromschoollastyear?--Lessthanaweek.3）--willhecomeback?--Intwodays.^7^a:副詞（句首、句末）'insteadof:介詞短語(yǔ)（后接名動(dòng)名/代詞）taketheplaceof動(dòng)詞詞組（謂語(yǔ)）eg.1）Ididn’tgthtcinema.Iwenttothelibraryyesterday.2）Wewouldliketostayatschoolgoingtothecinematoday.△18.so句型:so+be（助、情）+主語(yǔ)：“也如此”so+主語(yǔ)+be（助、情）：“的確如此”eg.1）IwatchedTVlastnight,andsodidshe.昨晚我看了電視，她也看了。2)IwatchTVeveryday,andsodoeshe.我每天看電視，他也如此。3)Icanswim,soIcan.我會(huì)游泳，真的是這樣。注意：表示“也不如此"用neither/noreg.Ididn’twatchTVlastnight,neitherdidshe△19.指路與問(wèn)路問(wèn)路1)Excuseme.Couldyoutellme…jhowIcangetto….howtogetto…thewayto…2)Excuseme.Whichisthewayto…指路1)Godown/up/alongthisroadand…go還可替換為walk 2)Godown/up/alongtotheend.3)Goonuntilyoureachtheend.4)Takethe…turningontheleft.=Turnleftatthe…turning.

5)Goacrossthebridge△20.[sick:“生病的"(作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ))卜〃“生病的”(只作表語(yǔ))eg.1)He'ssick/illinhospital.2)Anurse(A)musttake(B)good(C)careofill(D)men.(選錯(cuò))△21.Jmaybe“也許是"(作謂語(yǔ))[maybe"也許”=夕e?a夕酢狀語(yǔ))eg.1)heisastudent.△22.△22.inhospital:在住院inthehopital:在醫(yī)院atschool/work:在上學(xué)，上課intheschool:在學(xué)校類(lèi)似結(jié)構(gòu)Iattable:在吃飯《一一一———atthetable:在桌旁inbed/onthebed:躺在床上reach^地點(diǎn)△23reach^地點(diǎn)△23.到達(dá).：in+大地點(diǎn)后接here,there,arrive\at+小地點(diǎn)home時(shí)省介詞getto+地點(diǎn)但當(dāng)后不接地點(diǎn)時(shí)，只能用arriveeg.1)SheShanghailastnight.A.reachedtoB.gotC.arrivedinD.arrivedat2)Theythereintimeatlast.A.reachedtoB.arrivedC.gottoD.arrivedat

1)I,llringyouupassoonashe(到達(dá)).'alone:1)adj指“形體上的孤單”(只作表語(yǔ)) eg.1)She iS歿［ 2)adv=勿onese1r獨(dú)自地，單獨(dú)地" ,4.|lonely:adj指“精神上的孤獨(dú)，寂寞(作表語(yǔ)、、定語(yǔ)) girl.2)Doyoufeelwhenyouare?3)Theoldmanliveinahouse.geton:上車(chē)(train;bus)getoff:下車(chē)(train;bus)25.r ;getinto:上(car;lift)getoutof:下(car;lift)“十止'job:可數(shù)名詞26.工作， ,X小work:不可數(shù)名詞eg.Ihave(A)many(B)worktodo(C)△27；…o+形/副「太…”too many+△27；money.young.toomuch+不可數(shù)："太多"money.young.eg.1)Hegaveus2)Sheis △ 'bring:帶來(lái)，拿來(lái)(靠近說(shuō)話者)28.1take:帶走，拿走(遠(yuǎn)離說(shuō)話者)^carry:搬，運(yùn)，抬(不具方向性)eg.1)Pleaseyourexercisebookheretomorrow.2)Meimeioftenhelpstheoldmanwater.somewhere:某地（用于肯定句）anywhere:任何地方（否、疑句）.1every-where:到處；處處（用于肯定句）=hereandthereeg.--Ilookedformypen,butIcouldn'tfindit.---Don9tworry.Soonerorlateryou,llfindit.30.toone’ssurprise使某人吃驚的是 類(lèi)似結(jié)構(gòu)：toone’sjoy使某人高興的是……eg.Toourgreatsurprise,shecouldswimintheriver.使我們驚奇的是，他能在河里游泳。32.agreewith:同意某人（或某人所說(shuō)的）agreeto:同意某事eg.l）Heagreemyplan.2）Iagreewhatyousaid.32.beon…team:參力口 隊(duì)；是 的隊(duì)員eg.Heisonthecitybasketballteam.他是市籃球隊(duì)隊(duì)員?！?3.teachsb+科目（當(dāng)sb是人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí)應(yīng)用賓格）eg.HeteachesourEnglish微錯(cuò)）△34.the100-metrerace100米賽跑100-metre作定語(yǔ)，修飾race,注意metre用單數(shù)。類(lèi)似結(jié)構(gòu)：①atwo-thousand-wordletter一封兩千字的信②an18-year-oldgirl一位18歲的女孩另外有時(shí)還可用所有格形式來(lái)表達(dá)：100-metrerace=100metres'racetwo-monthholiday=twomonths’holiday但當(dāng)前面有a/an;物主代詞；所有格時(shí)。則只能用復(fù)合形容詞來(lái)表示：eg.WhatdidtheheadmastersayaboutJim's.A.twomonthsholidayB.Twomonths'holidayC.two-monthholidayD.twomoth’blem與question[question:指人們主觀上產(chǎn)生而提出等待回'答的問(wèn)題。常與ask,answer連用problem:指客觀上存在等待解決的問(wèn)題著重指“難題"。常與solve,workout連用WemustfindoutagoodwaytosolvetheYoucananswertheinyourownwords.?borrow:借進(jìn)borrow…from從…借△36.lend:借出lendsbsth=lendsthtosb把某物借給某人keep:保存；借（多久）（與時(shí)間段連用）

1)Jackmehisbikelastweek.2)Youcanthebookfromme,butyoucanitforonlyoneweek.△37.It’s+adj+of/forsbtodosth.當(dāng)形容詞用于修飾人時(shí)，介詞用of.常見(jiàn)的此類(lèi)形容詞有：kind;good;clever;careful;polite;right;wrong.其余情況用It’s+adj.+for.sb.+todosth1)It'sverycleveryoutodothat.2)It,shard.△38.more2)It,shard.△38.more:另外的；額外的（放在數(shù)量詞之后）other+數(shù)量詞剩余的another:再一（另一…）（放在數(shù)量詞之前）apples?onebook?apples?onebook?usedto+動(dòng)原：過(guò)去常常做…beusedto+動(dòng)原：被用于做…be/getusedtosth:習(xí)慣于某事2)The1)Heusedtobelateforschool.knifeisusedtocutthings.2)The3)Heisuesdtohardwork.other:放在被修飾詞之前1）other

students別的學(xué)生△40.else:放在被修飾詞之后，一般修飾不定代詞和疑問(wèn)詞2)anybodyelse.其它任何人whatelse.別的什么△41.so+形/副such+形+名但注意：so+形+a/an+單名=sucha/an+形+單名2)so(many/much/few/little)+名3)so…that;such…that如此…以致…Itwasbadweather.Therearemanypoorinthecountry.fewanimalseatmuchgrass.Thiscityisold,you,dbettervisitit.“5have/hashave/hasIt,simportantpartyIcan'tmissit.“5have/hashave/has已經(jīng)去了…h(huán)ave/hasbeenin:已在…（多久）注意：1）后接地點(diǎn)副詞here,there,home時(shí)應(yīng)省介詞2）與時(shí)間段連用只用have/hasbeenin①--Where’sTom?--HeBeijing.IBeijingseveraltimes.SheChengdufortwoyears.Hetheretwice.△43.“短命”動(dòng)詞 “長(zhǎng)命”動(dòng)詞buy~have;borrow_keep;die_bedead;leave_beaway(from);comeback_beback;fallasleep—beasleep;open-beopen;catchacold-haveacold;go/getout-beout;arrive(reach/getto/cometo)+地點(diǎn)-bein+地點(diǎn)；join—bein+集體(或be+成員)；turnon-beon;turnoff-beoff;getaletterfrom-havealetterfrom.end/finish-beover;getup-beup;1)Hehas(A)bought(B)thefridge(C)for(D)twoyears. 2)Howlong(A)may(B)Iborrow(C)the(D)book? 3)Thefilm(A)hasbegun(B)forfiveminutes(C).4)Tomhasgot(A)theletter(B)from(C)Jimfor

twodays(D).5)Ihave(A)caught(B)acoldsincetwoyearsago(C). 6)Hehas(A)cometo(B)Beijingfortenyears(C)7)Mybrother(A)hasjoined(B)thearmy(C)for(D)fiveyears.幅except:除…以外(不包括除去的部分)besides:除了…，還有…(包括除去的部分)nothing/nobodybut1)WegotoschooleverydayexceptSunday.該句意味著： WegotoschoolfromMondaytoSaturday.2)WeallwenttotheparkbesidesLiLei.該句意味著： Wewenttothepark,andLiLeiwent,too.主語(yǔ)ttake:Ittakesbsometimetodosth.主語(yǔ)onsth]spend(timdmoney(in)doingsth〔pay(money)forsth〔pay(money)forsth是人buysthfor+moneycost:sthcostsb+money主語(yǔ)是物1)Itenyuanonthebook.2)I1)Itenyuanonthebook.2)Itenyuanforthebook.3)Thebookmetenyuan. 4)Ithebookfortenyuan.5)Itmeanhourtodothemathsproblemsometime:某時(shí)(與將來(lái)時(shí)連用)△46sometimes:有時(shí)(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))sometime:一些時(shí)候(表時(shí)間段)sometimes:幾次eg.1)He(go)toBeijingsometimenextweek.2)I(be)toBeijingsometimes..MustI ?No,Youneedn’t/don’thaveto.MayI ?No,Youmusts’t/can't..計(jì)量：表事物的“長(zhǎng)、寬、高、深、遠(yuǎn)、厚用“l(fā)ong;wide;high/tall;deep;away;thick.1)MrGreenisnearlytwometres2)Theiceisaboutonemetre.3)Ourclassroomisabouttwelvemetresandeightmetres.△49.population:不可數(shù)名詞指人口的多少用

“l(fā)arge/big或small”；詢(xún)問(wèn)人口的多少用what.1)What'sthepopulationofGermany?德國(guó)的人口是多少?2)Chinahasalargepopulation.中國(guó)人口眾多3)Thepopulation(A)of(B)Japanisless(C)thanthat(D)ofIndia.另外注意：表示“有…人口"用haveapopulationof.NowChinahasapopulationofmorethanoneeg.makeroombillion.現(xiàn)在中國(guó)有十億多人口。eg.makeroom_ .1）房間（可數(shù)名詞）,room2）空間（不可數(shù)名詞）for:為…騰出空間51.seem的用法:1)seem+adj=seemtobe+adjHeseemsveryangry=Heseemstobeangry.2)seemtodo Itseemstoraintomorrow.明天似乎要下雨。3)Itseems+that從句 Itseemsthatyouareright.你似乎是對(duì)的。them5to3.beat:1)beatsb(比賽中)打敗某人\?7them5to3.A52.< 2)beat+一個(gè)集體(eamclass)1 [win:后接“比賽、獎(jiǎng)品等”2)Intheendwetheerested;excited;surprised/pleased主語(yǔ)是人指某 J△53.人對(duì)…感興趣/感到興奮/感到驚奇（只作表語(yǔ)）interesting;excited;surprising/pleasant主語(yǔ)是物。指某物有趣/令人興奮/使人驚奇（可作定、表語(yǔ)）1）It'sanfootballgame.2）I'minmusic.r 1）作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，用于否、疑句54」eed2）作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞needtodo（表主動(dòng)）needdoing（表被動(dòng)）1）Youneedn'tgohomenow.2）Thebikeneedsmending.3）Ineedtogohomenow.55.alive:活著的；在世的（常作后置定語(yǔ)）living:活著的；沒(méi)死的（常作前置定語(yǔ)）1）Bothplantsandanimalsarething.2）Noonewillbelieveit.56.否定前移的動(dòng)詞：think,believe,expect,suppose.1）Ididn’texpecttheirteamwouldwin.我希望他們的對(duì)不會(huì)贏。2）Idon'tthinkhewillcometomorrow.我認(rèn)為明天他不會(huì)來(lái)。lookat:（有意識(shí)地）看…△57.see:（lookat之后的結(jié)果）看見(jiàn)read:看（書(shū)、報(bào)等）watch:看（電視、比賽等）另外注意：1）seeafilm看電影2）seeadoctor看醫(yī)生1）Ioftennewspaperaftersupper.2）Hethepicture,andsometreesinit.△58.listento:（有意識(shí)地）聽(tīng)…h(huán)ear:（listento之后的結(jié)果）聽(tīng)見(jiàn)Hewasverysorrytothebadnews.rlookfor:（強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”的動(dòng)作）尋找△59.find:（lookfor之后的結(jié)果）找到findout:（經(jīng)過(guò)努力、周折）查出，找出（真相等）Theyaretheirlosthorse.A.findingB.lookingforC.findingout△60.hope:（可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的）愿望

wish:(難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的)愿望另外注意：1)wishtodosth=hopetodosth()I

time.2)wishsbtodosth( )hopesbtodosth(X)youtocometoschoolearliernext()I

time.2)wishsbtodosth( )hopesbtodosth(X)youtocometoschoolearliernextA.wishB.hopeC.wants，①enough：放在形、副之后.goodenough61.②修飾不定代詞(something,anything,nothing）的詞應(yīng)后置。③else修飾不定代詞和疑問(wèn)詞應(yīng)后置)1)Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.2)Hedidn,trunfastenoughtocatchupwithTom.hadbetter+動(dòng)原否定hadbetternot+動(dòng)原2Will?Wouldyouplease+動(dòng)原？Will/Wouldyoupleasenot+動(dòng)原？Willyoupleasenottalkinclass?.What,sthelweatherlike…？…的天氣=How’stheweather…? 怎么樣?△64.find+賓+形：覺(jué)得…怎么樣findit+形+todo:覺(jué)得做…怎么樣

類(lèi)似用法還有make,think等1)Ifindthequestion(容易).2)IthinkitimportanttolearnEnglis.6j5.anumberof+復(fù)名：許多，一些（作主為復(fù)）thenumberof:…的數(shù)目/號(hào)碼（作主為三單）Thenumberofthestudentsinourclassis50.rtoo:句末 用于肯定句66.also:句中“也”either:否定句末“也不”fourteen.1)Idon’tlikereading,shedoesn't,fourteen.2)Tomisfourteen.Jimis67.already,just:肯助后yet:否、疑末1)Ihavealreadyhadlunch.2)Ihaven’thadlunchyet.live:（長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的）居住stay:（短時(shí)間的）居住eg.HelivesinChangsha,buthe'sgoingtostayinShanghaiforafewdays.57個(gè)中考必備句型57個(gè)中考必備句型1assoonas2(not)+(once/twice/threetimes/twothirds)as/so as/as…asassoon/much…aspossibleasksb.forsth.5ask/tellsb.(how)todosth.6ask/tellsb.(not)todosth.beafraidofdoing/that/todobebusydoingsthJwithsthbefamous/late/ready/sorryfor?…begladthat….begladtodosthgive/show/bring/lend/send/pass/teU^sth.tosb. buysthforsb.buy/give/show/bring/lend/send/pass/tellsb.sth.either.??or 37neither.?.norenjoy/hate/like/finish/stop/mind/keep/goon/practice/consider,lookforwardto/payattentionto/ma