中考語法精講——被動(dòng)語態(tài)

我吃了一個(gè)蘋果，那現(xiàn)在蘋果怎樣了？蘋果被…蘋果被我吃了。正如漢語中的被字句，英語中的“被字句”我們稱之為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。一：英語的謂語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)WespeakEnglish.主語謂語賓語主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。謂語speak的動(dòng)作是由主語we執(zhí)行的，即主語是是謂語動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。兩種語態(tài)Englishisspokenbymanypeople.主語謂語賓語被動(dòng)語態(tài)主語English是謂語動(dòng)詞speak所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.我們每天打掃教室。

主動(dòng)語態(tài)Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.我們的教室每天被打掃。

被動(dòng)語態(tài)英語的語態(tài)是通過動(dòng)詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成：

be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（be+done)be隨著人稱，時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化而變化

1）.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

am/is/are+done

Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.Heputonacoat.Acoatwasputonbyhim.

2）.一般過去時(shí)

was/were+doneHemadethekite.Thekitewasmadebyhim.3）.一般將來時(shí)

shall/will/begoingto+bedone

Theywillplanttreestomorrow.TreeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrowHeisgoingtowritealettertohismother.Aletterisgoingtobewrittentohismotherbyhim.4）.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

has/have+beendoneJimhasfinishedthework.TheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.

5）.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)can/may/must/should+bedoneIcanfindhim.Hecanbefoundbyme.三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法1.不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。Thewindoewasbrokenlastnight.RiceisgrowninthesouthofChina.Manytreesshouldbeplantedeveryyear.每年都應(yīng)該種更多的樹。2.強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。世界上越來越多的人說漢語。Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.3.動(dòng)作不是由人發(fā)出的。許多房屋被沖走了。Manyhouseswerewashedawaybytheflood.四、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法WespeakEnglish.主語謂語賓語Englishisspokenbyus.主語謂語賓語賓變主,主變賓,前加by主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)

1.Tom

broke

thewindow.

Thewindow

wasbroken

byTom.

2.He

broke

thewindows.

Thewindows

werebroken

byhim.

Be要隨著主語變邏輯主語by來引Exercise:Heridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday.Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday.Exercise:WecallthesnowmanMr.Strong.ThesnowmaniscalledMr.Strong.

Exercise:He

boughtsomefruitsyesterday.Somefruitswereboughtyesterday.主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法

（主語）（賓語）主動(dòng)語態(tài)：動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者+謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式+動(dòng)作的承受者被動(dòng)語態(tài)：動(dòng)作的承受者+謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式+動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者（主語）（賓語）說明：（1）要將主動(dòng)句里的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語，若主動(dòng)句中的賓語為人稱代詞，要將賓格變成主格。（2）把主動(dòng)句中的主語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的賓語，主格變賓格，并由by引導(dǎo)。（3)謂語動(dòng)詞變成相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)形式。主動(dòng)語態(tài)中，使役動(dòng)詞（make,let,have）,感官動(dòng)詞（see,hear,watch,feel,notice）后面跟省略to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，要加上不定式符號(hào)to.Isawhimopenthedoorjustnow.剛才我看見他進(jìn)屋了（主動(dòng)語態(tài)）Hewasseentoopenthedoorjustnow.補(bǔ)充部分2.主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)意義①open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,cut,drive等詞作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，它們的主語為物，可以用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表被動(dòng)意義。Thiskindofshirtsellswell.Thepenwritessmoothly.②cost,fit,agreewith(氣候，食物等適合于）使用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。Thebookcostsmetwentyyuan.3.系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)形式look,sound,taste,smell,feel等系動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)意義。例：Itsmellswonderful.Mooncakestastedelicious.3.在beworthdoing中,doing表被動(dòng)意義。例：Thisbookisworthreading.4.want/need/require+doing=want/need/require+tobedone

例：Mybikeneedsrepairing.=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.

我的自行車需要修理。

happen,takeplace,breakout,have,belongto.課堂練習(xí)（一）改寫句子1.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear._________________byusinspringeveryyear.2.Shepostedtheletteryesterday.____________________byheryesterday.3.MrTurnergavemeabirthdaypresent._______________abirthdaypresentbyMrTurner.5.Youmayhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.______________________________byyoutomorrow.6.Sheisgoingtowritealetter.__________________________byher.TreesareplantedTheletterwaspostedIwasgivenYourhomeworkmaybehandedinAletterisgoingtobewritten

1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．

A．a(chǎn)renotkept；willhaveto

B．a(chǎn)renotkept；have

C．donotkeep；willhaveto

D．donotkeep；haveto

2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,____andperfectednow.

A.developedB.havedeveloped

C.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped

3.____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．

Yes，italldependsontheweather．

A．I'vebeentold

B．I'vetold

C．I'mtold

D．Itold

ACA4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.

A.hascompleted

B.completes

C.hasbeencompleted

D.iscompleted

5.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.

A.cut

B.arecut

C.arebeingcut

D.hadbeencut

6.Thenewbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.

A.hasbeendesigned

B.hadbeendesigned

C.wasdesigned

D.wouldbedesigned

7.Whenpartofapencilisinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.

A.breaks

B.hasbroken

C.wasbroken

D.hadbeenbroken

DCBC8.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.

A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetup

B.havetakenplace;havebeensetup

C.havetakenplace;havesetup

D.weretakenplace;weresetup

9.Thatsuit__over60dollars.

A.hadcosted

B.costedC.iscostedD.cost

10.Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.

What’stheprettysmallhousethat__for?

A.isbeingbuilt

B.hasbeenbuilt

C.isbuilt

D.isbuilding

11.Doyoulikethecloth?

Yes,it___verysoft.

A.isfeeling

B.felt

C.feels

D.isfelt

BDAC12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese．

A．write

B．towrite

C．tobewritten

D．written

13.Ihavenomoreletters____，thankyou．

A．totype

B．typing

C．tobetyped

D．typed

14.Takecare!Don’tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit__easily.

A.won’twashout

B.won’tbewashedout

C.isn’twashedout

D.isn’twashingout

15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto___.

A.beputup

B.givein

C.beturn