高頻語法講練第一章定語從句

△定語從句講解△一、定語從句的三個基本概念1．先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞、代詞或整個句子。2．關(guān)系詞：代替先行詞，用來連接先行詞和定語從句，同時在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等成分。3．定語從句：放在先行詞之后，用來修飾先行詞的句子?！纠?】Thisistheboy________wearelookingfor.A．whatB．whichC．thatD．whose答案C二、判斷關(guān)系詞的方法1．看是限制性定語從句還是非限制性定語從句。2．看先行詞指人還是指物。3．根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在從句中所作的成分?！纠?】Theperson________oftencomestohelpmeismyfather.A．whoB．whomC．whatD．which答案A【例3】I'llneverforgetthoseyears________Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers，________hasagreateffectonmylaterlife.A．inwhich；that B．when；whichC．which；that D．when；who答案B三、關(guān)系詞的基本用法1．關(guān)系代詞that的用法先行詞是人或物，that在從句中作主語、賓語、表語?！纠?】Thestudent________isstudyingEnglishoftengivesmebooks________Iwantverymuch.A．that；that B．which；whichC．that；what D．which；that答案A【例5】Chinaisn'tthecountry________itusedtobe.A．whichB．thatC．a(chǎn)sD．where答案B2．關(guān)系代詞which的用法先行詞是物，which在從句中作主語、賓語?！纠?】InfacttheSwededidn'tunderstandthethreequestions________wereaskedinFrench.A．whereB．whoC．inwhichD．which答案D3．關(guān)系代詞who/whom的用法先行詞是人，who在從句中作主語或賓語，whom只作賓語?！纠?】I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool________ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.

(2010·湖南)A．whoB．whereC．whenD．which答案A【例8】Doyouknowthewoman________wemetatthegate?A．whichB．whatC．whomD．where答案C4．．關(guān)系系代代詞詞whose的的用用法法先行詞詞是是人或物，whose在在從從句句中中作作定語。。whose＋＋n.＝＝the＋＋n.＋＋ofwhich/whom＝＝ofwhich/whom＋＋the＋＋n.【例9】Hisparentswouldn'tlethimmarryanyone________familywaspoor.A．ofwhomB．whomC．ofwhoseD．．whose答案A【例10】Pleasepassmethedictionary________coverisblack.A．ofwhichB．．whichC．ofwhoseD．．whose答案D5．關(guān)系副詞when的用法法先行詞是時間，when在在從句中作時時間狀語。【例11】That'stheday________myfatherwasborninAmerica.A．thatB．whenC．whereD．which答案B6．關(guān)系副詞where的用用法先行詞是是地點(diǎn)，where在在從句句中作作地點(diǎn)點(diǎn)狀語。【例12】】—CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?—Youshouldtrythebarber's________Igo.It'sonly15.(2010·天天津)A．a(chǎn)sB．whichC．．whereD．that答案C7．關(guān)系副副詞why的用用法先行詞是是reason，why在在從句句中作作原因因狀語?！纠?3】】Doyouknowthereason________hewaslatefortheparty?A．thatB．whenC．whyD．．how答案C8．關(guān)系代代詞but的用用法先行詞是否定，but本本身也也是否定且在從從句中中一般般只作作主語。but＝＝that...not【例14】】Intheworldthereisnoone________hasafewfaults.A．thatB．butC．．whoD．whom答案B四、定定語從從句的的注意意事項(xiàng)項(xiàng)1．限限制性性定語語從句句和非非限制制性定定語從從句的的比較較限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句形式其前無逗號其前有逗號翻譯譯在先行詞前(即：從句譯作先行詞的定語)譯成與主句并列的一個分句(即：譯作兩句)功能修飾名詞或代詞可修飾名詞或代詞，也可修飾整個主句關(guān)系詞可用that引導(dǎo)；作賓語的關(guān)系代詞常可省不可用that引導(dǎo)；關(guān)系詞一律不省意義起限制作用(若被省去，原句意義不完整)起補(bǔ)充說明作用(若被省去，原句意義不受影響)【例15】】Hehasastrangecharacter，，________makeshimhardtogetalongwith.A．whoB．．whichC．thatD．what答案B【例16】】ThatisTom'sfather________worksinChuangxin.A．whomB．whoC．．thatD．．what答案B2．注注意定定語從從句謂謂語動動詞的的形式式關(guān)系代詞作定定語從句的的主語時，從句句的謂語動動詞必須與與先行詞保持一致致。【例17】】Hewho________reachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.A．don'tB．doesn'tC．isn'tD．a(chǎn)ren't答案B下列兩種情情況須特別別注意(1)在“oneof＋復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)名詞”后面，定語語從句的謂謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。(2)在“the(only)oneof＋復(fù)數(shù)名名詞”后面，定語語從句的謂謂語用單數(shù)?！纠?8】】Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe'stheonlyoneofthewomenwho________eveningdress.(2010·全國Ⅱ)A．wearB．．wearsC．haswornD．haveworn答案B3．關(guān)系詞詞?？墒÷月缘那闆r(1)關(guān)系代詞在限制制性定語從從句中作賓語時；(2)先行行詞是某些些表示時間的名詞(如如time等)時；；(3)先行行詞theway后面的關(guān)關(guān)系詞作狀語時(可理理解為省略略關(guān)系詞that或inwhich)?！纠?9】】It'stime________wewenttoschool.A．whenB．．a(chǎn)sC．．不填D．．which答案C4．由“介詞＋whom/which”引出的定定語從句句介詞的選用用：(1)看介介詞和從從句中的的動詞、形容詞的習(xí)慣慣搭配；；(2)看看介詞和和前面先行詞的習(xí)慣慣搭配；；(3)看看從句謂謂語部分分與前面面先行詞之間的的搭配；；(4)表表示“所所有關(guān)系系”或整整體中的的一部分分時常用用of。(注意意：該結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)中的的關(guān)系代代詞一般般不用that/who，，且其中中的whom/which不可省。)【例21】Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people，，manyof________lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.(2010··浙江)A．whomB．whichC．themD．those答案A【例22】Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy________wemayreturninthenearfuture.(2010·上海海)A．onwhichB．．bywhichC．towhichD．fromwhich答案C【例23】Isthisthedictionary________youspentfivedollars?A．towhichB．forwhichC．onwhichD．．that答案C5．先行詞指“物”時，用that一般不用用which的情況(1)先行詞是不定代詞all，，none，，little，much，everything，nothing等時；(2)先行詞詞被形容詞最高級修飾時；(3)先行詞詞被序數(shù)詞或thelast，，theonly，thevery修飾時時；(4)先行詞詞既有人又有物時；(5)關(guān)系代代詞在限制性性定語從句中中作表語時?！纠?4】Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething________wassomeoneelse'sfault.(2010·全國國Ⅱ)A．whoB．thatC．a(chǎn)sD．what答案B【例25】Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschoolinthepast.A．whichB．．thatC．whomD．what答案B【例26】Shewastheonlypersoninheroffice________wasinvitedtotheball.A．whoB．thatC．whereD．．which答案A/B6．a(chǎn)s和which引導(dǎo)非非限制性定語語從句的比較較相同點(diǎn)：(1)先行詞都都可指代整個個主句；(2)都可可在從句中作作主語、賓語或表語。不同點(diǎn)：(1)as引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)的從句可位位于句首，而which則不行；；(2)as有有“正如……”之意，而which表示示“這一點(diǎn)”?！纠?7】________isknowntoeveryone，，themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A．ItB．AsC．WhichD．What答案B【例28】Myfatherhasreturnedfromabroad，，________makesourfamilyveryhappy.A．thatB．whichC．itD．a(chǎn)s答案B7．與thesame連用用的關(guān)系詞比較thesame...as與thesame...that：：一般說來，，前者表“同類”，后者表“同一”?！纠?9】】Tomtookawaythecamerabecauseitwasjustthesamecamera________helostlastweek.A．a(chǎn)sB．likeC．whichD．．that答案D8．先行詞表示示時間、地地點(diǎn)或原因因時，關(guān)系系詞用that或which的情況有時，先行行詞雖表時時間、地點(diǎn)點(diǎn)或原因，，但關(guān)系詞詞在從句中中作主語、賓語等而不是是作狀語，這時，，不用when，where或why，要用that或which。【例30】】Icanneverforgettheday________weworkedtogetherandtheday________wespenttogether.A．when；whichB．which；whenC．what；thatD．．onwhich；when答案A【例31】】Thisisthereason________preventedusfromcoming.A．whyB．forwhichC．thatD．what答案C五、“似是而非”定語從句第一組①Itwasthesmallcity________Ionceworked.②Itwasinthesmallcity________Ionceworked.A．whereB．whichC．thatD．onwhich答案①A②C強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可以以還原：若若將Itis/was和that/who去去掉而句中中不缺缺成分分，，結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)完整整，說說明明原原句句是是強(qiáng)強(qiáng)調(diào)調(diào)句句型型；；若若結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)不完整整，，則則說說明明原原句句可可能能為為定定語語從從句句。。第二二組組①Sheissuchaprettygirl________Idaren'tlookdirectlyat.②Sheissuchaprettygirl________Idaren'tlookdirectlyather.A．．a(chǎn)sB．．likeC．．whichD．．that答案案①A②D比較such...as與與such...that：：前前者者引引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)的的是是定語從從句句，，as須須作作主語、、賓語、、表語等等；；后后者者引引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)的的是是結(jié)結(jié)果果狀語從從句句，，that不作成成分分。。第三三組組①Istilllive________Iwasborn.②Istillliveinthetown________Iwasborn.③Istillhaveaquestion________Iwasborn.A．whereB．．inwhichC．．A&B答案①A②C③Awhere引導(dǎo)定語語從句句時，，其前前須有地點(diǎn)名名詞，，where常?？捎谩敖榻樵~＋＋which””取代代；where引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)的從從句前前如無地點(diǎn)名名詞，，則不是定語從從句，，where就就不可用“介介詞＋＋which””取代代。第四組組①________isknowntoeveryone，themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.②________isknowntoeveryonethatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.③________isknowntoeveryoneisthatthemoontravelsr