本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）/r/n北京市居住建筑采暖空調(diào)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)/r/n——/r/n基于建筑氣候設(shè)計(jì)原理工程設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐/r/nHeatingandairconditionalsystemdesignofresidential/r/nbuildinginBeijingcity/r/n——Basedonclimateconsiderationsinbuildingdesign/r/n學(xué)/r/n/r/n院（系）：/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n專/r/n/r/n業(yè)：/r/n/r/n建筑環(huán)境與設(shè)備工程/r/n/r/n學(xué)/r/n/r/n生/r/n/r/n姓/r/n/r/n名：/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n學(xué)/r/n/r/n號(hào)：/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n指/r/n/r/n導(dǎo)/r/n/r/n教/r/n/r/n師：/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n評(píng)/r/n/r/n閱/r/n/r/n教/r/n/r/n師：/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n完/r/n/r/n成/r/n/r/n日/r/n/r/n期：/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n大連理工大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）格式規(guī)范/r/n北京市居住建筑采暖空調(diào)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)——基于建筑氣候設(shè)計(jì)原理工程設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐/r/n-/r/nPAGE/r/nII/r/n-/r/n-/r/nPAGE/r/nI/r/n-/r/n摘/r/n/r/n要/r/n本設(shè)計(jì)為北京市某居住建筑采/r/n暖空調(diào)系統(tǒng)節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)。除完成建筑環(huán)境與設(shè)備工程常規(guī)設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容外，/r/n還與建筑學(xué)院進(jìn)行聯(lián)合畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，成立了聯(lián)合設(shè)計(jì)小組，/r/n其基本要求是最大限度地利用被動(dòng)式設(shè)計(jì)手法營(yíng)造全年室內(nèi)舒適性熱濕環(huán)境。/r/n首先，/r/n本次設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)三棟不同類型/r/n（/r/n多層、小高層和高層/r/n）/r/n的建筑進(jìn)行了負(fù)荷/r/n計(jì)算及/r/n特性分析，計(jì)算結(jié)果表明新風(fēng)冷負(fù)荷與日射得熱之和占總冷負(fù)荷的一半以上；而冬季通過(guò)門窗圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)傳熱和冷風(fēng)滲透形成的熱負(fù)荷占了大部分比例。/r/n經(jīng)過(guò)系統(tǒng)方案論證比較，最終選擇多聯(lián)機(jī)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)與熱水采暖系統(tǒng)相結(jié)合/r/n。本設(shè)計(jì)/r/n對(duì)空調(diào)風(fēng)系統(tǒng)及采暖管道進(jìn)行了水力計(jì)算，并對(duì)多聯(lián)機(jī)系統(tǒng)室內(nèi)機(jī)與室外機(jī)、新風(fēng)系統(tǒng)、熱回收裝置、風(fēng)機(jī)、氣流組織、散熱器、地板輻射加熱管等進(jìn)行了選擇。繪制了空調(diào)系統(tǒng)平面布置圖及系統(tǒng)圖，/r/n采暖系統(tǒng)平面布置圖及系統(tǒng)圖，防排煙系統(tǒng)圖等，/r/n撰寫(xiě)了設(shè)計(jì)施工說(shuō)明書(shū)。/r/n其次，/r/n本次/r/n聯(lián)合/r/n設(shè)計(jì)部分的主要內(nèi)容是根據(jù)北京地區(qū)的氣候特征，以優(yōu)先考慮冬季/r/n采暖需求/r/n設(shè)計(jì)、其次考慮夏季/r/n降溫需求/r/n為原則，在原有方案的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)/r/n設(shè)置/r/n附加陽(yáng)光間/r/n、/r/n增強(qiáng)通風(fēng)等被動(dòng)式策略，使最終方案節(jié)能率達(dá)到/r/n78.3%/r/n。/r/n最后，/r/n本次設(shè)計(jì)的個(gè)人重/r/n點(diǎn)是/r/n應(yīng)用/r/n了/r/nPHPP/r/n軟件進(jìn)行不同建筑設(shè)計(jì)方案全年能量需求的計(jì)算，并通過(guò)調(diào)研，重點(diǎn)研究了建筑節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)比較方法。/r/n關(guān)鍵詞：/r/n建筑氣候設(shè)計(jì)；空調(diào)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)；聯(lián)合畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)；技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)分析/r/n北京市居住建筑采暖空調(diào)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)——基于建筑氣候設(shè)計(jì)原理工程設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐/r/n-/r/nPAGE/r/nV/r/n-/r/nHeatingandairconditionalsystemdesignofresidential/r/nbuildinginBeijingcity/r/n——Basedonclimateconsiderationsinbuildingdesign/r/n /r/n /r/nAbstract/r/n/r/nThisprojectisaresidentialbuildingheatingandairconditioningsystemdesigninBeijing.Inadditiontotheconventionaldesignofthearchitecturalenvironmentandequipmentengineering,thisprojectisalsoajointgraduationdesignwiththeSchoolofArchitecture,establishingofajointdesignteam,whosebasicrequirementistomaximizetheuseofpassivedesigntechniquestocreateafull-yearindoorcomfortheatandmoistureenvironment./r/nFirstly,t/r/nhisprojectanaly/r/nz/r/nedtheloadcharacteristicsofthreetypeofbuildings,/r/nrespectivelymultilayer/r/n,smallhigh-riseandhigh-rise,andalsotheresultindicatedthatthen/r/newair-cooledloadwiththeins/r/nu/r/nlationheattookupmorethanhalfofthetotalwhiletheheattransferofdoorsandwindowsaccountedformostoftheproportioninwinter.Accordingtothecomparisonofthesystemsolutions,thisprojectultimatelychoseacombinationofmulti-connectedairconditionersystemandhotwaterheatingsystem.Thisprojectcarriedoutthehydrauliccalculationoftheairconditioningductandtheheatingpipes,chosetheindoor-outdoorsetofthemulti-connectedairconditioner,freshairsystem,heatrecoverydevice,blower,air-floworganization,radiatorandradiantfloorheatingpipes,drewtheplanofair-conditioningsystemaswellassystemdrawing,theplanofheatingsystemaswellassystemdrawing,smokecontrolsystemdrawingandsoon,wrotethedesignconstructionspecification./r/nAlso,a/r/nccordingtotheclimaticcharacteristicsofBeijingregion/r/n，/r/nthem/r/nai/r/nncontentofthecooperationistoconsidertheprincipleofprioritytothewinterdesignfollowedbythesummerdesignandthenbasedonthepreviousproposals,usethepassivestrategiessuchasaddingsunroom,enhancingventilationandsoontomaketheenergy-savingrateof78.3%finally/r/n./r/nLastly,t/r/nhedesignofthepersonalfocusistousePHPPsoftwareforthecalculationoftheannualenergyneedsofthedifferentarchitecturaldesignprogramand,throughresearch,mainlystudythetechnicalandeconomiccomparisonofbuilding./r/nKeyWords/r/n:/r/nBuildingclimatedesign/r/n;/r/nHVACdesign/r/n;/r/nCooperative/r/ngraduateproject/r/n;/r/nTechnicalandeconomicanalysis/r/n

/r/n目/r/n/r/n錄/r/n/r/n/r/n摘/r/n/r/n要/r/n /r/n/r/nI/r/n/r/nAbstract/r/n /r/n/r/nII/r/n/r/n引/r/n/r/n言/r/n /r/n/r/n1/r/n/r/n第一部分/r/n /r/n/r/n2/r/n/r/n1/r/n建筑概況/r/n /r/n/r/n3/r/n/r/n2/r/n/r/n設(shè)計(jì)原則及內(nèi)容/r/n /r/n/r/n5/r/n/r/n3/r/n設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算參數(shù)/r/n /r/n/r/n6/r/n/r/n3.1/r/n室外空氣計(jì)算參數(shù)/r/n /r/n/r/n6/r/n/r/n3.2/r/n室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)/r/n /r/n/r/n6/r/n/r/n3.3/r/n其他設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)/r/n /r/n/r/n6/r/n/r/n4/r/n冷負(fù)荷、熱負(fù)荷及濕負(fù)荷計(jì)算/r/n /r/n/r/n7/r/n/r/n4.1/r/n夏季冷負(fù)荷計(jì)算/r/n /r/n/r/n7/r/n/r/n4.2/r/n夏季濕負(fù)荷計(jì)算/r/n /r/n/r/n9/r/n/r/n4.3/r/n冬季熱負(fù)荷計(jì)算/r/n /r/n/r/n9/r/n/r/n4.4/r/n計(jì)算結(jié)果分析/r/n /r/n/r/n10/r/n/r/n4.4.1/r/n冷負(fù)荷結(jié)果分析/r/n /r/n/r/n10/r/n/r/n4.4.2/r/n熱負(fù)荷結(jié)果分析/r/n /r/n/r/n14/r/n/r/n5/r/n系統(tǒng)方案選擇/r/n /r/n/r/n16/r/n/r/n5.1/r/n/r/n冷熱源選擇/r/n /r/n/r/n16/r/n/r/n5.1.1/r/n/r/n冷源/r/n /r/n/r/n16/r/n/r/n5.1.2/r/n熱源/r/n /r/n/r/n16/r/n/r/n5.2/r/n夏季系統(tǒng)方案選擇/r/n /r/n/r/n16/r/n/r/n5.2.1/r/n多聯(lián)機(jī)系統(tǒng)論證/r/n /r/n/r/n16/r/n/r/n5.2.2/r/n新風(fēng)系統(tǒng)論證/r/n /r/n/r/n17/r/n/r/n5.3/r/n冬季系統(tǒng)方案選擇/r/n /r/n/r/n17/r/n/r/n6/r/n/r/n空調(diào)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)/r/n /r/n/r/n19/r/n/r/n6.1/r/n多聯(lián)機(jī)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)/r/n /r/n/r/n19/r/n/r/n6.1.1/r/n室內(nèi)機(jī)初步選擇/r/n /r/n/r/n19/r/n/r/n6.1.2/r/n多聯(lián)機(jī)系統(tǒng)劃分/r/n /r/n/r/n20/r/n/r/n6.1.3/r/n室外機(jī)型號(hào)初步選擇/r/n /r/n/r/n20/r/n/r/n6.1.4/r/n室內(nèi)外機(jī)重新選擇/r/n /r/n/r/n21/r/n/r/n6.1.5/r/n多聯(lián)機(jī)系統(tǒng)氣流組織設(shè)計(jì)/r/n /r/n/r/n23/r/n/r/n6.2/r/n熱回收式新風(fēng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)/r/n /r/n/r/n23/r/n/r/n6.2.1/r/n熱回收式新風(fēng)系統(tǒng)工作原理/r/n /r/n/r/n23/r/n/r/n6.2.2/r/n熱回收裝置選擇/r/n /r/n/r/n24/r/n/r/n6.2.3/r/n新風(fēng)機(jī)組選擇/r/n /r/n/r/n24/r/n/r/n6.2.4/r/n新風(fēng)系統(tǒng)風(fēng)管的水力計(jì)算/r/n /r/n/r/n24/r/n/r/n6.2.5/r/n新風(fēng)系統(tǒng)送回風(fēng)口的選擇/r/n /r/n/r/n25/r/n/r/n6.3/r/n風(fēng)機(jī)的選擇/r/n /r/n/r/n26/r/n/r/n6.4/r/n空調(diào)系統(tǒng)冷凝水管道設(shè)計(jì)/r/n /r/n/r/n26/r/n/r/n7/r/n采暖系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)/r/n /r/n/r/n27/r/n/r/n7.1/r/n散熱器采暖系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)/r/n /r/n/r/n27/r/n/r/n7.1.1/r/n散熱器選擇/r/n /r/n/r/n27/r/n/r/n7.1.2/r/n散熱器采暖系統(tǒng)水力計(jì)算/r/n /r/n/r/n28/r/n/r/n7.1.3/r/n膨脹水箱的選擇/r/n /r/n/r/n29/r/n/r/n7.2/r/n低溫地板輻射采暖系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)/r/n /r/n/r/n29/r/n/r/n7.2.1/r/n地板輻射采暖加熱管選擇與布置/r/n /r/n/r/n29/r/n/r/n7.2.2/r/n地板輻射采暖系統(tǒng)水力計(jì)算/r/n /r/n/r/n29/r/n/r/n8/r/n通風(fēng)及防排煙系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)/r/n /r/n/r/n30/r/n/r/n8.1/r/n防排煙系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)/r/n /r/n/r/n30/r/n/r/n8.2/r/n廚房及衛(wèi)生間通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)/r/n /r/n/r/n30/r/n/r/n第二部分/r/n/r/n與建筑學(xué)院聯(lián)合畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)/r/n /r/n/r/n31/r/n/r/n9/r/n總體要求/r/n /r/n/r/n32/r/n/r/n10/r/n北京地區(qū)氣候條件分析/r/n /r/n/r/n33/r/n/r/n11/r/n被動(dòng)式策略分析/r/n /r/n/r/n34/r/n/r/n12/r/n建筑學(xué)院同學(xué)方案設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程及方案分析/r/n /r/n/r/n36/r/n/r/n12.1/r/n聯(lián)合畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程/r/n /r/n/r/n36/r/n/r/n12.2/r/n設(shè)計(jì)各方案比較/r/n /r/n/r/n37/r/n/r/n12.2.1/r/n原方案/r/n /r/n/r/n37/r/n/r/n12.2.2/r/n方案一/r/n /r/n/r/n38/r/n/r/n12.2.3/r/n方案二/r/n /r/n/r/n40/r/n/r/n12.2.4/r/n方案三/r/n /r/n/r/n42/r/n/r/n12.3/r/n結(jié)論/r/n /r/n/r/n42/r/n/r/n第三部分/r/n/r/n個(gè)人重點(diǎn)/r/n /r/n/r/n44/r/n/r/n13/r/n用/r/nPHPP/r/n設(shè)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行全年能耗分析/r/n /r/n/r/n45/r/n/r/n13.1/r/n設(shè)計(jì)軟件與常規(guī)計(jì)算方法比較/r/n /r/n/r/n45/r/n/r/n13.1.1/r/n設(shè)計(jì)軟件計(jì)算方法/r/n /r/n/r/n45/r/n/r/n13.1.2/r/n兩種計(jì)算方法對(duì)比/r/n /r/n/r/n46/r/n/r/n13.2/r/n設(shè)計(jì)軟件與常規(guī)計(jì)算結(jié)果比較/r/n /r/n/r/n47/r/n/r/n14/r/n建筑節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)中的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)比較方法/r/n /r/n/r/n50/r/n/r/n結(jié)/r/n/r/n論/r/n /r/n/r/n51/r/n/r/n參/r/n/r/n考/r/n/r/n文/r/n/r/n獻(xiàn)/r/n /r/n/r/n52/r/n/r/n附錄/r/nA1/r/n冷負(fù)荷計(jì)算結(jié)果/r/n /r/n/r/n53/r/n/r/n附錄/r/nA2/r/n熱負(fù)荷計(jì)算結(jié)果/r/n /r/n/r/n90/r/n/r/n附錄/r/nB/r/n新風(fēng)管道水力計(jì)算表/r/n /r/n/r/n96/r/n/r/n附錄/r/nC1/r/n散熱器選擇計(jì)算表/r/n /r/n/r/n103/r/n/r/n附錄/r/nC2/r/n散熱器采暖系統(tǒng)水力計(jì)算表/r/n /r/n/r/n105/r/n/r/n附錄/r/nD1/r/n地板輻射采暖加熱管選擇計(jì)算表/r/n /r/n/r/n107/r/n/r/n附錄/r/nD2/r/n地板輻射采暖水力計(jì)算表/r/n /r/n/r/n108/r/n/r/n附錄/r/nE/r/n附加陽(yáng)光間的算法/r/n /r/n/r/n127/r/n/r/n致/r/n/r/n謝/r/n /r/n/r/n135/r/n大連理工大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）格式規(guī)范/r/n北京市居住建筑采暖空調(diào)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)——基于建筑氣候設(shè)計(jì)原理工程設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐/r/nPAGE/r/n2/r/n–/r/nPAGE/r/n131/r/n–/r/n引/r/n/r/n言/r/n隨著/r/n社會(huì)的進(jìn)步、科技的發(fā)展以及人口高度集中，進(jìn)入/r/n21/r/n世紀(jì)，人們將會(huì)追求更高的物質(zhì)文化生活水平，對(duì)室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)的要求也更高了，因此對(duì)建筑暖通空調(diào)的設(shè)計(jì)與施工我們應(yīng)該有新的認(rèn)識(shí)。/r/n本設(shè)計(jì)為北京市某居住建筑采暖空調(diào)系統(tǒng)節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)。北京市位于北緯/r/n39.8°/r/n，東經(jīng)/r/n116.47°/r/n，海拔高度/r/n31.3m/r/n，常年大氣壓/r/n101169Pa/r/n，屬于寒冷地帶。/r/n本次設(shè)計(jì)題目來(lái)源于科研項(xiàng)目，設(shè)計(jì)共分為兩個(gè)部分。第一部分為建筑環(huán)境與設(shè)備工程專業(yè)常規(guī)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，第二部分為與建筑學(xué)院聯(lián)合畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)。其/r/n具體目標(biāo)在于：學(xué)習(xí)和了解良好的建筑設(shè)計(jì)與降低設(shè)備系統(tǒng)能耗的關(guān)聯(lián)性，體驗(yàn)建筑師與設(shè)備工程師合作設(shè)計(jì)和協(xié)調(diào)的方法，學(xué)習(xí)如何充分地利用當(dāng)?shù)氐臍夂蛸Y源條件營(yíng)造舒適的低能耗生態(tài)建筑的方法；提高獨(dú)自調(diào)研、思考與研究的設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)新能力，注重超低能耗建筑系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案，以被動(dòng)式（利用自然條件和資源）采暖降溫方法為主。通過(guò)對(duì)具有相同建筑設(shè)計(jì)功能的既有建筑采暖空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)，提高采暖空調(diào)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的知識(shí)理解和應(yīng)用的水平，掌握國(guó)家節(jié)能規(guī)范及設(shè)計(jì)條文中相關(guān)要點(diǎn)與規(guī)定。/r/n/r/n本設(shè)計(jì)為與建筑學(xué)院的共同完成的探索性畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，其基本要求是最大限度地利用被動(dòng)式設(shè)計(jì)手法營(yíng)造全年室內(nèi)舒適性熱濕環(huán)境。通過(guò)/r/n進(jìn)行區(qū)域氣候分析，了解室外氣候條件與人的生理需求之間的關(guān)系，了解如何通過(guò)建筑設(shè)計(jì)合理運(yùn)用氣候調(diào)控手段。通過(guò)參加與建筑學(xué)院的聯(lián)合設(shè)計(jì)，熟悉了解在不同的建筑設(shè)計(jì)階段，通過(guò)能耗計(jì)算軟件的全年能量需求計(jì)算，如何盡可能地降低冷熱負(fù)荷的需求。/r/n本/r/n設(shè)計(jì)的個(gè)人重點(diǎn)為：學(xué)會(huì)應(yīng)用/r/nPHPP/r/n軟件進(jìn)行不同建筑設(shè)計(jì)方案全年能量需求的計(jì)算及應(yīng)用天正暖通軟件進(jìn)行施工圖設(shè)計(jì)；通過(guò)調(diào)研，重點(diǎn)研究建筑節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)比較方法。通過(guò)/r/nPHPP/r/n軟件的全年能耗分析，并與建筑學(xué)院同組學(xué)生進(jìn)行溝通研究，考慮了合適的設(shè)計(jì)方案。最終通過(guò)分析建筑節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)中的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)比較選定了最終方案。/r/n

/r/n第一部分/r/n/r/n建筑環(huán)境與設(shè)備工程常規(guī)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)/r/n

/r/n/r/n本/r/n設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)源于工程實(shí)例及教育部博士點(diǎn)基金項(xiàng)目/r/n--"/r/n基于建筑氣候?qū)W理論室內(nèi)環(huán)境自然調(diào)節(jié)方法的研究/r/n"/r/n中工程實(shí)踐部分。/r/n1/r/n建筑概況/r/n本設(shè)計(jì)包括/r/n3/r/n棟不同類型的建筑，即多層建筑、小高層建筑和高層建筑，分別編號(hào)為/r/n1#/r/n樓、/r/n2#/r/n樓和/r/n3#/r/n樓。/r/n1#/r/n樓：共/r/n3/r/n層，一二層為裙房公建部分，三層為住宅部分，建筑高度/r/n12/r/nm/r/n，總建筑面積為/r/n8560/r/n./r/n75/r/nm/r/n2/r/n，/r/n公建/r/n面積/r/n4660.27m/r/n2/r/n，/r/n住宅面積/r/n1570.35/r/nm/r/n2/r/n，/r/n地下/r/n層面積/r/n2330.13/r/nm/r/n2/r/n；/r/n2#/r/n樓：共/r/n11/r/n層，一層為公寓大堂，二至十一層為公寓式房間，建筑高度/r/n37.85m/r/n，總建筑面積/r/n8605.85m/r/n2/r/n，/r/n公建面積/r/n589.55m/r/n2/r/n，/r/n公寓/r/n面積/r/n7297.26/r/nm/r/n2/r/n，/r/n地下層面積/r/n719.12m/r/n2/r/n；/r/n3#/r/n樓：/r/n26/r/n層，一二層為公建部分，其余為住宅部分，建筑高度/r/n84.45m/r/n，總建筑面積/r/n1/r/n3391.4/r/nm/r/n2/r/n，公建面積/r/n1194.44/r/n/r/nm/r/n2/r/n，住宅面積/r/n11636.4/r/n/r/nm/r/n2/r/n，地下層面積/r/n560.56/r/n/r/nm/r/n2/r/n。/r/n該建筑圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)說(shuō)明見(jiàn)表/r/n1.1/r/n表/r/n1.1/r/n建筑圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)說(shuō)明/r/n/r/n名稱/r/n傳熱系數(shù)/r/n外墻/r/n聚合物砂漿加強(qiáng)面層外保溫/r/n1-2-/r/n聚苯板/r/n90/r/n0.42/r/n北面及東西面外窗/r/n斷熱鋁合金低輻射中空玻璃/r/n2/r/n南外窗/r/n斷熱鋁合金普通中空玻璃/r/n3.3/r/n北面及東西面外門/r/n雙層金屬門板/r/n,/r/n中間填充/r/n15/r/n～/r/n18/r/n厚玻璃棉板/r/n2/r/n南外門/r/n雙層金屬門板/r/n,/r/n中間填充/r/n15/r/n～/r/n18/r/n厚礦棉板/r/n3.3/r/n屋面/r/n非上人屋面/r/n-/r/n擠塑型聚苯板/r/n70/r/n0.44/r/n設(shè)置集中采暖的居住建筑應(yīng)嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行《民用建筑節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（采暖居住建筑部分）》（/r/nJGJ26—95/r/n）。北京市采暖居住建筑各圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)傳熱系數(shù)不應(yīng)超過(guò)表/r/n1.2/r/n規(guī)定的限制。/r/n表/r/n1.2/r/n北京市采暖居住建筑各部分圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)傳熱系數(shù)/r/nK/r/n限值/r/n[W//r/n(/r/nm/r/n2/r/n·/r/n℃/r/n)/r/n]/r/n/r/n屋頂/r/n外墻/r/n無(wú)采暖樓梯間/r/n窗戶/r/n外門/r/n地板/r/n體型系數(shù)/r/n≤0.3/r/n體型系數(shù)/r/n>0.3/r/n體型系數(shù)/r/n≤0.3/r/n體型系數(shù)/r/n>0.3/r/n隔墻/r/n戶門/r/n接觸室外空氣/r/n無(wú)采暖地下室頂板/r/nK/r/n限值/r/n0.8/r/n0.6/r/n0.9/r/n0.55/r/n1.83/r/n2/r/n4.7/r/n_/r/n0.5/r/n0.55/r/n從表/r/n1.1/r/n及表/r/n1.2/r/n可以看出，本次設(shè)計(jì)的三棟既有建筑圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)傳熱系數(shù)均符合《民用建筑節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（采暖居住建筑部分）》（/r/nJGJ26—95/r/n），均屬于節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)。/r/n

/r/n2/r/n/r/n設(shè)計(jì)原則及內(nèi)容/r/n本工程采暖空調(diào)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)根據(jù)甲方提供的設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū)，并參照現(xiàn)行國(guó)家頒發(fā)的有關(guān)規(guī)范、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，具體有：/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）/r/n/r/n《采暖通風(fēng)與空氣調(diào)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》/r/nGB50019-2003/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）/r/n/r/n《公共建筑節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》/r/nGB500189-2005/r/n（/r/n3/r/n）/r/n/r/n《實(shí)用供熱空調(diào)設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)》第二版/r/n（/r/n4/r/n）/r/n/r/n《通風(fēng)與空調(diào)工程施工質(zhì)量驗(yàn)收規(guī)范》/r/nGB50243-2002/r/n（/r/n5/r/n）/r/n/r/n《采暖通風(fēng)與空氣調(diào)節(jié)制圖標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》/r/nGB/T50114-2001/r/n（/r/n6/r/n）/r/n/r/n《地面輻射供暖技術(shù)規(guī)程》/r/nJGJ142-2004/r/n（/r/n7/r/n）/r/n/r/n《多聯(lián)機(jī)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)工程技術(shù)規(guī)程》/r/nJGJ174-2010/r/n本工程暖通空調(diào)的設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容主要包括：多聯(lián)機(jī)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)、散熱器采暖系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)、低溫地板輻射采暖系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)。/r/n

/r/n3/r/n設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算參數(shù)/r/n3.1室外/r/n空氣計(jì)算參數(shù)/r/n依據(jù)《采暖通風(fēng)與空氣調(diào)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》（/r/nGB50019-2003/r/n），北京室外計(jì)算參數(shù)如下：/r/n夏季：空調(diào)室外計(jì)算（干球）溫度/r/n33.2/r/n℃/r/n，空調(diào)室外計(jì)算（濕球）溫度/r/n26.4/r/n℃/r/n，通風(fēng)室外計(jì)算（干球）溫度/r/n30/r/n℃/r/n，室外平均風(fēng)速/r/n1.9m/s/r/n，室外大氣壓/r/n99.86kPa/r/n；/r/n冬季：空調(diào)室外計(jì)算（干球）溫度/r/n-12.0/r/n℃/r/n，采暖室外計(jì)算（干球）溫度/r/n-9.0/r/n℃/r/n，通風(fēng)室外計(jì)算（干球）溫度/r/n-5.0/r/n℃/r/n，室外平均風(fēng)速/r/n2.8m/s/r/n，室外大氣壓/r/n102.04kPa/r/n。/r/n3.2室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)/r/n參數(shù)/r/n/r/n本設(shè)計(jì)室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)見(jiàn)表/r/n3.1/r/n。/r/n表/r/n3.1/r/n室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)/r/n主要房間類型/r/n夏季室內(nèi)計(jì)算參數(shù)/r/n冬季室內(nèi)計(jì)算參數(shù)/r/n干球溫度/r/n℃/r/n相對(duì)濕度/r/n%/r/n干球溫度/r/n℃/r/n相對(duì)濕度/r/n%/r/n公建/r/n26/r/n60/r/n18/r/n60/r/n衛(wèi)生間/r/n28/r/n60/r/n16/r/n60/r/n廚房/r/n28/r/n60/r/n16/r/n60/r/n臥室/r/n26/r/n60/r/n18/r/n60/r/n起居室/r/n26/r/n60/r/n18/r/n60/r/n書(shū)房/r/n26/r/n60/r/n18/r/n60/r/n3.3其他設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)/r/n各功能房間其它設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)見(jiàn)表/r/n3.2/r/n。/r/n表/r/n3.2/r/n各功能房間照明等設(shè)備功率及人數(shù)/r/n參數(shù)名稱/r/n數(shù)值/r/n房間人數(shù)/r/n10m/r/n2/r/n//r/n人/r/n設(shè)備功率/r/n10W/m/r/n2/r/n燈光功率/r/n10W/m/r/n2/r/n新風(fēng)量/r/n30m/r/n3/r/n//r/n（/r/nh·/r/n人）/r/n

/r/n4冷負(fù)荷、熱負(fù)荷及濕負(fù)荷計(jì)算/r/n本設(shè)計(jì)采用冷負(fù)荷系數(shù)法計(jì)算空調(diào)設(shè)計(jì)冷負(fù)荷。設(shè)計(jì)/r/n冷負(fù)荷主要包括圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)冷負(fù)荷（外墻和屋面瞬變傳熱引起的冷負(fù)荷、外玻璃窗瞬變傳熱引起的冷負(fù)荷、外窗日射得熱冷負(fù)荷、內(nèi)圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)冷負(fù)荷），室內(nèi)熱源散熱冷負(fù)荷（人員、照明散熱和設(shè)備散熱）。/r/n根據(jù)《采暖通風(fēng)與空氣調(diào)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》（/r/nGB50019—2003/r/n）規(guī)定，冬季熱負(fù)荷包括圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的基本耗熱量、附加耗熱量和通過(guò)門窗縫隙的冷風(fēng)滲透耗熱量?jī)刹糠?。圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)附加耗熱量考慮朝向修正、風(fēng)力附加、高度附加。/r/n4.1夏季冷負(fù)荷計(jì)算/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）外墻和屋面/r/n逐時(shí)/r/n傳熱形成的冷負(fù)荷/r/n在日射和室外氣溫綜合作用下，外墻和屋面逐時(shí)傳熱形成的冷負(fù)荷可按下式計(jì)算：/r/nQ/r/nc(τ)/r/n=/r/nAK/r/n[/r/nK/r/nρ/r/nK/r/nα/r/n(/r/nT/r/nc(τ)/r/n+/r/nT/r/nd/r/n)-/r/nT/r/nr/r/n]/r/n/r/n/r/n（/r/n4-1/r/n）/r/n式中，/r/nQ/r/nc(/r/nτ/r/n)/r/n―/r/n外墻和屋面逐時(shí)傳熱形成的冷負(fù)荷，/r/nW/r/n；/r/n/r/n/r/nA/r/n—/r/n外墻和屋面的面積，/r/nm/r/n2/r/n；/r/n/r/nK/r/nρ/r/n—/r/n吸收系數(shù)修正值，外墻取/r/n0.94/r/n，屋面取/r/n0.88/r/n；/r/n/r/nK/r/nα/r/n—/r/n放熱系數(shù)修正值，取/r/n1.0/r/n；/r/n/r/nK/r/n—/r/n傳熱系數(shù)，外墻/r/n0.42W/(m/r/n2/r/n·/r/n℃/r/n)/r/n，屋面為/r/n0.44W/(m/r/n2/r/n·/r/n℃/r/n)/r/n；/r/n/r/nT/r/nc(τ)/r/n—/r/n冷負(fù)荷計(jì)算溫度的逐時(shí)值，/r/n℃/r/n；/r/n/r/nT/r/nr/r/n—/r/n室內(nèi)計(jì)算溫度，/r/n26/r/n℃/r/n；/r/n/r/nT/r/nd/r/n—/r/n地點(diǎn)修正值，/r/n℃/r/n，北京為/r/n0/r/n℃/r/n。/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）外玻璃窗/r/n逐時(shí)/r/n傳熱形成的冷負(fù)荷/r/n在室內(nèi)外溫差作用下，通過(guò)外玻璃窗傳熱形成的冷負(fù)荷可按下式計(jì)算：/r/nQ/r/nc(τ)/r/n=/r/nc/r/nw/r/n/r/nKA/r/n(/r/nT/r/nc(/r/nτ/r/n)/r/n+/r/nT/r/nd/r/n-/r/nT/r/nr/r/n)/r/n（/r/n4-2/r/n）/r/n式中，/r/nQ/r/nc(τ)/r/n―/r/n外玻璃窗/r/n逐時(shí)/r/n傳熱形成的冷負(fù)荷，/r/nW/r/n；/r/nA/r/n―/r/n窗口面積，/r/nm/r/n2/r/n；/r/nc/r/nw/r/n―/r/n外玻璃窗傳熱系數(shù)修正值，雙層金屬窗框、/r/n80%/r/n玻璃，取/r/n1.2/r/n；/r/nK/r/n―/r/n外玻璃窗的傳熱系數(shù)，南向取/r/n3.3W/(m/r/n2/r/n·/r/n℃/r/n)/r/n，北東西向取/r/n2W/(m/r/n2/r/n·/r/n℃/r/n)/r/n；/r/nT/r/nc(/r/nτ/r/n)/r/n―/r/n外玻璃窗冷負(fù)荷計(jì)算溫度的逐時(shí)值，/r/n℃/r/n；/r/nT/r/nr/r/n―/r/n室內(nèi)計(jì)算溫度，/r/n26/r/n℃/r/n；/r/nT/r/nd/r/n―/r/n地點(diǎn)修正值，/r/n℃/r/n，北京為/r/n0/r/n℃/r/n。/r/n（/r/n3/r/n）內(nèi)圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)/r/n逐時(shí)/r/n傳熱形成的冷負(fù)荷/r/n在室內(nèi)外溫差作用下，通過(guò)內(nèi)圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)傳熱形成的冷負(fù)荷可按下式計(jì)算：/r/nQ/r/nc(τ)/r/n=/r/nK/r/ni/r/nA/r/ni/r/n(/r/nT/r/no·m/r/n+/r/nT/r/na/r/n-/r/nT/r/nr/r/n)/r/n（/r/n4-3/r/n）/r/n式中，/r/nQ/r/nc(τ)/r/n―/r/n內(nèi)圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)/r/n逐時(shí)/r/n傳熱形成的冷負(fù)荷，/r/nW/r/n；/r/nA/r/ni/r/n―/r/n窗口面積，/r/nm/r/n2/r/n；/r/nK/r/ni/r/n/r/n―/r/n內(nèi)圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的傳熱系數(shù)，內(nèi)墻/r/n1.02W/(m/r/n2/r/n·/r/n℃/r/n)/r/n，內(nèi)門/r/n1.5W/(m/r/n2/r/n·/r/n℃/r/n)/r/n；/r/nT/r/no·m/r/n―/r/n夏季空調(diào)室外計(jì)算日平均溫度，北京為/r/n28.6/r/n℃/r/n；/r/nT/r/na/r/n―/r/n附加升溫，/r/n1/r/n℃/r/nT/r/nr/r/n―/r/n室內(nèi)計(jì)算溫度，/r/n26/r/n℃/r/n；/r/n（/r/n4/r/n）外玻璃窗日射得熱形成的冷負(fù)荷/r/n透過(guò)玻璃窗進(jìn)入室內(nèi)的日射得熱形成的逐時(shí)冷負(fù)荷按下式計(jì)算：/r/nQ/r/nc(τ)/r/n=/r/nAC/r/na/r/nC/r/ni/r/nC/r/ns/r/n/r/nD/r/nj.max/r/nC/r/nlq/r/n（/r/n4-4/r/n）/r/n式中，/r/nQ/r/nc(/r/nτ/r/n)/r/n―/r/n外玻璃窗日射得引起的冷負(fù)荷，/r/nW/r/n；/r/n/r/n/r/nA/r/n―/r/n窗口面積，/r/nm/r/n2/r/n；/r/n/r/nC/r/na/r/n―/r/n外玻璃窗的有效面積系數(shù)，雙層鋼玻璃窗取/r/n0.75/r/n；/r/n/r/nC/r/ni/r/n―/r/n窗內(nèi)遮陽(yáng)設(shè)施的遮陽(yáng)系數(shù)，設(shè)活動(dòng)百葉內(nèi)遮陽(yáng)設(shè)施，取/r/n0.6/r/n；/r/n/r/nC/r/ns/r/n―/r/n窗玻璃的遮陽(yáng)系數(shù)，/r/n雙層/r/n3mm/r/n厚/r/n，取/r/n0.86/r/n；/r/nD/r/nj.max/r/n―/r/n日射得熱因數(shù)，/r/nW/m/r/n2/r/n，東西向/r/n599/r/n，南向/r/n302/r/n，北向/r/n114/r/n，；/r/n/r/nC/r/nlq/r/n―/r/n窗玻璃的冷負(fù)荷系數(shù)。/r/n（/r/n5/r/n）人員散熱引起的冷負(fù)荷/r/n人員散熱引起的冷負(fù)荷分為顯熱負(fù)荷和潛熱負(fù)荷。/r/nQ/r/nc(/r/nτ/r/n)/r/n＝/r/nQ/r/nl/r/n+/r/nQ/r/nq/r/n=/r/nα/r/n(/r/nC/r/nlq/r/nq/r/ns/r/nΦn/r/n+/r/nq/r/nl/r/nΦn/r/n)/r/n（/r/n4-5/r/n）/r/n式中，/r/nQ/r/nl/r/n―/r/n人體顯熱散熱引起的冷負(fù)荷，/r/nW/r/n；/r/nQ/r/nq/r/n―/r/n人體潛熱散熱引起的冷負(fù)荷，/r/nW/r/n；/r/nC/r/nlq/r/n―/r/n人體顯熱散熱的冷負(fù)荷系數(shù)，/r/n見(jiàn)《暖通空調(diào)》附錄/r/n2-23/r/n；/r/n/r/nq/r/ns/r/n―/r/n不同室溫和勞動(dòng)性質(zhì)成年男子顯熱散熱量，/r/nW/r/n，見(jiàn)《暖通空調(diào)》表/r/n2-13/r/n；/r/n/r/nq/r/nl/r/n―/r/n不同室溫和勞動(dòng)性質(zhì)成年男子潛熱散熱量，/r/nW/r/n，見(jiàn)《暖通空調(diào)》表/r/n2-13/r/n；/r/nn/r/n―/r/n室內(nèi)全部人數(shù)；/r/nΦ/r/n―/r/n群集系數(shù)，取/r/n0.93/r/n；/r/nα/r/n—/r/n房間人員逐時(shí)在室率，見(jiàn)《公共建筑節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》續(xù)表/r/nB.O.6-1/r/n。/r/n（/r/n6/r/n）照明及設(shè)備散熱引起的冷負(fù)荷/r/n室內(nèi)照明方式為熒光燈暗裝。/r/nQ/r/nc/r/n＝/r/nC/r/nlq/r/nn/r/n1/r/nn/r/n2/r/nN/r/n/r/n（/r/n4-6/r/n）/r/n式中，/r/nQ/r/nc(τ)/r/n―/r/n照明及設(shè)備散熱引起的冷負(fù)荷，/r/nW/r/n；/r/nC/r/nlq/r/n―/r/n照明及設(shè)備散熱的冷負(fù)荷系數(shù)；/r/nn/r/n1/r/n―/r/n鎮(zhèn)流器的功率系數(shù)，暗裝熒光燈取/r/n1.0/r/n；/r/nn/r/n2/r/n―/r/n燈罩隔熱系數(shù)，取/r/n0.6/r/n；/r/nN/r/n―/r/n照明燈具及設(shè)備功率，/r/nW/r/n。/r/n（/r/n7/r/n）新風(fēng)冷負(fù)荷/r/nQc/r/n＝/r/nM/r/no/r/n(h/r/no/r/n-h/r/nr/r/n)/r/n（/r/n4-7/r/n）/r/n式中，/r/nQ/r/nc/r/n―/r/n夏季新風(fēng)冷負(fù)荷，/r/nkW/r/n；/r/nM/r/no/r/n/r/n―/r/n新風(fēng)量，/r/nkg/s/r/n；/r/nh/r/no/r/n―/r/n室外空氣的焓值，/r/n82kJ/kg/r/n；/r/nh/r/nr/r/n―/r/n室內(nèi)空氣的焓值，/r/n58.8kJ/kg/r/n。/r/n夏季冷負(fù)荷計(jì)算結(jié)果見(jiàn)附錄/r/nA1/r/n。/r/n4.2夏季濕負(fù)荷計(jì)算/r/n人體散濕量可按下式計(jì)算：/r/nm/r/nw/r/n=0.278nΦg×10/r/n-6/r/n/r/n（/r/n4-8/r/n）/r/n式中，/r/nm/r/nw/r/n—/r/n人體散濕量，/r/nkg/s/r/n；/r/ng/r/n—/r/n成年男子的小時(shí)散熱量，/r/ng/h/r/n，見(jiàn)《暖通空調(diào)》表/r/n2-13/r/n；/r/nn/r/n—/r/n室內(nèi)全部人數(shù)；/r/nΦ/r/n―/r/n群集系數(shù)，取/r/n0.93/r/n。/r/n4.3冬季熱負(fù)荷計(jì)算/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)溫差傳熱形成的熱負(fù)荷/r/n/r/nQ/r/nj/r/n=/r/nKF/r/n（/r/nt/r/nn/r/n-/r/nt/r/nw/r/n）/r/na/r/n/r/n（/r/n4-9/r/n）/r/n式中，/r/nQ/r/nj/r/n—/r/n通過(guò)供暖房間某一面圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的基本耗熱量/r/n,W/r/n；/r/n/r/nK/r/n—/r/n圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的傳熱系數(shù)，/r/nW/(m/r/n2/r/n·/r/n℃/r/n)/r/n；/r/n/r/nF/r/n—/r/n圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的散熱面積，/r/nm/r/n2/r/n；/r/n/r/nt/r/nn/r/n—/r/n室內(nèi)空氣計(jì)算溫度，/r/n℃/r/n；/r/n/r/nt/r/nw/r/n—/r/n室外供暖計(jì)算溫度，/r/n-7.5/r/n℃/r/n；/r/n/r/na/r/n—/r/n溫差修正系數(shù)，見(jiàn)《暖通空調(diào)》表/r/n2-4/r/n；/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）/r/n附加耗熱量/r/n/r/nQ/r/n1/r/n=/r/nQ/r/nj/r/n(1+/r/nβ/r/nch/r/n+/r/nβ/r/nf/r/n)(1+/r/nβ/r/nf·g/r/n)/r/n（/r/n4-10/r/n）/r/n式中，/r/nQ/r/n1/r/n—/r/n考慮各項(xiàng)附加后，圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的耗熱量，/r/nW/r/n；/r/n/r/nQ/r/nj/r/n—/r/n通過(guò)供暖房間某一面圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的基本耗熱量/r/n,W/r/n；/r/n/r/nβ/r/nch/r/n—/r/n朝向修正率，/r/n%/r/n，見(jiàn)《實(shí)用供熱空調(diào)設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)》表/r/n4.1-5/r/n；/r/n/r/nβ/r/nf/r/n—/r/n風(fēng)力附加率，/r/n%/r/n，見(jiàn)《實(shí)用供熱空調(diào)設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)》表/r/n4.1-5/r/n；/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/nβ/r/nf·g/r/n—/r/n高度附加率，/r/n%/r/n，/r/nβ/r/nf·g/r/n=0.02(h-4)/r/n≤15%/r/n；/r/n（/r/n3/r/n）門窗縫隙滲入冷空氣的耗熱量/r/n/r/nQ/r/ni/r/n=0.278/r/nc/r/np/r/nVρ/r/nw/r/n(/r/nt/r/nn/r/n-/r/nt/r/nw/r/n)/r/n（/r/n4-11/r/n）/r/n式中，/r/nQ/r/ni/r/n—/r/n加熱門窗縫隙滲入的冷空氣耗熱量，/r/nW/r/n；/r/n/r/n/r/nc/r/np/r/n—/r/n空氣定壓比熱，/r/nc/r/np/r/n=1kJ/(kg/r/n·/r/n℃/r/n)/r/n；/r/n/r/nρ/r/nw/r/n—/r/n采暖室外計(jì)算溫度下的空氣密度，/r/nkg/m/r/n3/r/n；/r/n/r/nV/r/n—/r/n滲透冷空氣量，/r/nm/r/n3/r/n/h/r/n；/r/n/r/nt/r/nn/r/n—/r/n室內(nèi)空氣計(jì)算溫度，/r/n℃/r/n；/r/n/r/nt/r/nw/r/n—/r/n室外采暖計(jì)算溫度，/r/n-7.5/r/n℃/r/n；/r/n冬季熱負(fù)荷計(jì)算結(jié)果見(jiàn)附錄/r/nA2/r/n。/r/n4.4計(jì)算結(jié)果分析/r/n4.4.1冷負(fù)荷結(jié)果分析/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）設(shè)計(jì)冷負(fù)荷逐時(shí)分布情況/r/n1#/r/n樓設(shè)計(jì)冷負(fù)荷逐時(shí)分布情況見(jiàn)表/r/n4.1/r/n及圖/r/n4.1/r/n。/r/n表/r/n4.11#/r/n樓設(shè)計(jì)冷負(fù)荷逐時(shí)分布情況表/r/n時(shí)刻/r/n冷負(fù)荷/r/n/W/r/n時(shí)刻/r/n冷負(fù)荷/r/n/W/r/n時(shí)刻/r/n冷負(fù)荷/r/n/W/r/n0:00/r/n80324.2/r/n8:00/r/n97091.8/r/n16:00/r/n191383.1/r/n1:00/r/n70426.7/r/n9:00/r/n154205.1/r/n17:00/r/n184402.2/r/n2:00/r/n65872.7/r/n10:00/r/n188861.3/r/n18:00/r/n176684.0/r/n3:00/r/n62080.0/r/n11:00/r/n206865.5/r/n19:00/r/n139199.6/r/n4:00/r/n59263.7/r/n12:00/r/n223452.3/r/n20:00/r/n109637.0/r/n5:00/r/n56245.8/r/n13:00/r/n227811.8/r/n21:00/r/n89497.0/r/n6:00/r/n76663.1/r/n14:00/r/n215322.9/r/n22:00/r/n83693.0/r/n7:00/r/n84854.5/r/n15:00/r/n203398.9/r/n23:00/r/n79560.7/r/n圖/r/n4.11#/r/n樓設(shè)計(jì)冷負(fù)荷逐時(shí)分布圖/r/n2#/r/n樓設(shè)計(jì)冷負(fù)荷逐時(shí)分布情況見(jiàn)表/r/n4.2/r/n及圖/r/n4.2/r/n。/r/n表/r/n4.22#/r/n樓設(shè)計(jì)冷負(fù)荷逐時(shí)分布情況表/r/n時(shí)刻/r/n冷負(fù)荷/r/n/W/r/n時(shí)刻/r/n冷負(fù)荷/r/n/W/r/n時(shí)刻/r/n冷負(fù)荷/r/n/W/r/n0:00/r/n106708.1/r/n8:00/r/n112839.1/r/n16:00/r/n125887.3/r/n1:00/r/n105517.9/r/n9:00/r/n119482.0/r/n17:00/r/n121352.4/r/n2:00/r/n103847.9/r/n10:00/r/n132375.8/r/n18:00/r/n116094.1/r/n3:00/r/n102464.7/r/n11:00/r/n139801.5/r/n19:00/r/n118351.1/r/n4:00/r/n101584.1/r/n12:00/r/n146972.8/r/n20:00/r/n115136.5/r/n5:00/r/n100296.9/r/n13:00/r/n147217.8/r/n21:00/r/n111413.7/r/n6:00/r/n104612.4/r/n14:00/r/n140252/r/n22:00/r/n109401.8/r/n7:00/r/n105925.2/r/n15:00/r/n132751.7/r/n23:00/r/n108299.2/r/n圖/r/n4.22#/r/n樓設(shè)計(jì)冷負(fù)荷逐時(shí)分布圖/r/n3#/r/n樓設(shè)計(jì)冷負(fù)荷逐時(shí)分布情況見(jiàn)表/r/n4.6/r/n及圖/r/n4.3/r/n。/r/n表/r/n4.63#/r/n樓設(shè)計(jì)冷負(fù)荷逐時(shí)分布情況表/r/n時(shí)刻/r/n冷負(fù)荷/r/n/W/r/n時(shí)刻/r/n冷負(fù)荷/r/n/W/r/n時(shí)刻/r/n冷負(fù)荷/r/n/W/r/n0:00/r/n141466.0/r/n8:00/r/n178409.4/r/n16:00/r/n245080.5/r/n1:00/r/n136028.4/r/n9:00/r/n207470.0/r/n17:00/r/n228758.7/r/n2:00/r/n130675.1/r/n10:00/r/n238072.0/r/n18:00/r/n202065.2/r/n3:00/r/n125770.5/r/n11:00/r/n257151.4/r/n19:00/r/n172226.4/r/n4:00/r/n123075.5/r/n12:00/r/n276149.2/r/n20:00/r/n166322.2/r/n5:00/r/n119571.2/r/n13:00/r/n283943.5/r/n21:00/r/n156889.7/r/n6:00/r/n141268.3/r/n14:00/r/n274738.9/r/n22:00/r/n151255.2/r/n7:00/r/n153961.4/r/n15:00/r/n260569.7/r/n23:00/r/n146484.4/r/n圖/r/n4.33#/r/n樓設(shè)計(jì)冷負(fù)荷逐時(shí)分布圖/r/n由圖/r/n4.1~/r/n圖/r/n4.3/r/n可知：最大設(shè)計(jì)冷負(fù)荷均出現(xiàn)在/r/n13/r/n：/r/n00/r/n，因?yàn)槿丈涞脽嵩谶@個(gè)時(shí)刻比較明顯，而日射得熱占房間冷負(fù)荷的比重很大，故最大設(shè)計(jì)冷負(fù)荷出現(xiàn)在此時(shí)刻；/r/n5/r/n：/r/n00/r/n時(shí)刻設(shè)計(jì)冷負(fù)荷最小，此時(shí)圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)散熱形成的冷負(fù)荷相對(duì)較小，日射得熱量也相對(duì)較小，故在此時(shí)刻出現(xiàn)最小設(shè)計(jì)冷負(fù)荷。/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）設(shè)計(jì)冷負(fù)荷中各分項(xiàng)冷負(fù)荷分布情況及其所占比例/r/n/r/n設(shè)計(jì)冷負(fù)荷中各項(xiàng)冷負(fù)荷分布情況見(jiàn)圖/r/n4.4-/r/n圖/r/n4.6/r/n。/r/n圖/r/n4.41#/r/n樓設(shè)計(jì)冷負(fù)荷中各分項(xiàng)冷負(fù)荷分布情況圖/r/n圖/r/n4.52#/r/n樓設(shè)計(jì)冷負(fù)荷中各分項(xiàng)冷負(fù)荷分布情況圖/r/n圖/r/n4.63#/r/n樓設(shè)計(jì)冷負(fù)荷中各分項(xiàng)冷負(fù)荷分布情況圖/r/n由圖/r/n4.4~/r/n圖/r/n4.6/r/n可知：/r/n夏季新風(fēng)冷負(fù)荷與日射得熱之和占夏季總冷負(fù)荷的一半以上。因此，在設(shè)計(jì)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)時(shí)，應(yīng)采用熱回收系統(tǒng)來(lái)減少新風(fēng)冷負(fù)荷；同時(shí)，建筑設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中應(yīng)注意采用遮陽(yáng)措施和控制窗墻比的方法來(lái)減少門窗冷負(fù)荷。/r/n照明設(shè)備冷負(fù)荷占了/r/n10%/r/n以上。因此，設(shè)計(jì)中應(yīng)注意自然采光問(wèn)題。/r/n人員冷負(fù)荷占/r/n10%/r/n左右。因此，應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)通風(fēng)措施。/r/n通過(guò)圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)傳熱形成的冷負(fù)荷也占了/r/n10%/r/n左右。因此，應(yīng)注意采用具有保溫隔熱的材料。/r/n4.4.2熱負(fù)荷結(jié)果分析/r/n設(shè)計(jì)熱負(fù)荷中各分項(xiàng)熱負(fù)荷分布情況見(jiàn)圖/r/n4.7/r/n。/r/n/r/n/r/n圖/r/n4.7/r/n設(shè)計(jì)熱負(fù)荷中各項(xiàng)熱負(fù)荷分布情況（從左到右分別為/r/n1#/r/n樓、/r/n2#/r/n樓、/r/n3#/r/n樓）/r/n由圖/r/n4.7/r/n可知：/r/n冷風(fēng)滲透與門窗耗熱量占了冬季熱負(fù)荷約/r/n3/4/r/n的比例，因此在設(shè)計(jì)中應(yīng)盡量減小窗墻比，并盡可能減少開(kāi)口設(shè)計(jì)。/r/n外墻和屋面熱負(fù)荷也占了比較大的比重，故應(yīng)注意圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)傳熱系數(shù)的選擇。/r/n1#/r/n樓由于占地面積很大，故地面?zhèn)鳠崃空剂思s/r/n20%/r/n。因此，當(dāng)建筑占地面積大時(shí)，應(yīng)格外注意地板材料的選擇。/r/n

/r/n5系統(tǒng)方案/r/n選擇/r/n5.1/r/n/r/n冷熱源選擇/r/n5.1.1/r/n/r/n冷源/r/n通常，空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的冷源首先應(yīng)考慮采用天然冷源。對(duì)大、中型空調(diào)系統(tǒng)，當(dāng)無(wú)條件采用天然冷源時(shí)，可采用人工冷源，即利用制冷機(jī)制取冷量，通過(guò)冷媒輸送至空調(diào)系統(tǒng)中。采用人工冷源時(shí)，制冷方式的選擇應(yīng)根據(jù)建筑物的性質(zhì)、制冷容量、供水溫度、電源、熱源和水源等情況，通過(guò)技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)比較來(lái)確定。民用建筑應(yīng)采用電動(dòng)壓縮式和溴化鋰吸收式制冷。/r/n本設(shè)計(jì)由于缺乏天然冷源的條件，/r/n又屬于普通民用建筑，故/r/n可采用/r/n電動(dòng)壓縮式制冷/r/n或溴化鋰吸收式制冷/r/n。/r/n溴化鋰吸收式制冷機(jī)是以熱能為動(dòng)力，可利用廢熱、余熱等低品位的熱能作其熱源，以達(dá)到變廢為利的節(jié)能效果。但本設(shè)計(jì)由于缺乏可利用的熱能，故采用電動(dòng)壓縮式制冷。/r/n5.1.2熱源/r/n冬季采暖一般采用方式有電采暖、空調(diào)采暖及熱水或蒸汽集中供熱采暖。根據(jù)建筑區(qū)域熱源條件，/r/n市政管網(wǎng)會(huì)提供/r/n80/r/n℃/r/n/60/r/n℃/r/n熱水/r/n，從節(jié)能、安全、經(jīng)濟(jì)性及管理等方面/r/n綜合考慮/r/n，選擇外網(wǎng)提供的熱水集中供熱采暖。/r/n5./r/n2/r/n夏季系統(tǒng)方案/r/n選擇/r/n/r/n本設(shè)計(jì)夏季采用多聯(lián)機(jī)/r/n+/r/n新風(fēng)系統(tǒng)，具體方案論證如下：/r/n5./r/n2/r/n.1多聯(lián)機(jī)系統(tǒng)論證/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）公建部分/r/n對(duì)于/r/n1#/r/n樓一二層，/r/n2#/r/n樓一層及/r/n3#/r/n樓一二層的公建部分來(lái)講，由于其場(chǎng)所空間大，人員集中，且使用時(shí)間一致，故傳統(tǒng)來(lái)講一般采用集中式全空氣系統(tǒng)。但近幾年來(lái)，多聯(lián)機(jī)系統(tǒng)已成為了幾百到上萬(wàn)平方米空調(diào)區(qū)域工程中的新型空調(diào)方式。本設(shè)計(jì)選擇多聯(lián)機(jī)系統(tǒng)主要是基于以下幾點(diǎn)：/r/n1./r/n多聯(lián)機(jī)的造價(jià)雖然較全空氣系統(tǒng)高，但只用/r/n“/r/n電/r/n”/r/n這一種能源，不用設(shè)置機(jī)房就可以解決全部問(wèn)題；而全空氣系統(tǒng)還需專門占用空間設(shè)置機(jī)房，再加上冷熱源機(jī)組、空氣處理機(jī)組等其他設(shè)備，全空氣系統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益并不比多聯(lián)機(jī)好；/r/n2./r/n由于公建部分作出租用，各店鋪的使用時(shí)間不可能完全一致，或多或少會(huì)有差異，如果用多聯(lián)機(jī)系統(tǒng)，室內(nèi)機(jī)可單獨(dú)控制，則可根據(jù)使用者的要求控制室內(nèi)機(jī)的開(kāi)關(guān)，從而減少不必要的能源浪費(fèi)；/r/n3./r/n各出租店鋪應(yīng)實(shí)行分別計(jì)量、分別計(jì)費(fèi)的原則，以免引起不必要的糾紛，單從這一點(diǎn)上來(lái)講，多聯(lián)機(jī)系統(tǒng)較全空氣系統(tǒng)就有明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)。/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）住宅部分/r/n對(duì)于住宅部分來(lái)講，現(xiàn)在家用空調(diào)多采用分體式空調(diào)，但由于以下原因，本設(shè)計(jì)采用變頻多聯(lián)機(jī)系統(tǒng)：/r/n1./r/n舒適性：家用中央空調(diào)（/r/n變頻多聯(lián)機(jī)）/r/n解決了分體式空調(diào)風(fēng)直接吹到人身上的缺點(diǎn)，能使室內(nèi)空氣更好的循環(huán)起來(lái)，房間內(nèi)各個(gè)角落的溫差極小，再加上家用中央空調(diào)采用了電子膨脹閥技術(shù)，能夠精確控制房間內(nèi)的溫度變化，大大提升了空調(diào)舒適性。/r/n2./r/n美觀度：一般家庭都采用低靜壓風(fēng)管機(jī)做側(cè)出下回，其室內(nèi)機(jī)安裝在吊頂內(nèi)，既節(jié)省了空間又提升了房間的裝修檔次。/r/n3./r/n節(jié)能：家用中央空調(diào)采用的是變頻壓縮機(jī)，一般的調(diào)頻范圍都在/r/n30%-130%/r/n，其壓縮機(jī)可以根據(jù)室內(nèi)機(jī)開(kāi)啟數(shù)量及冷量需求來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)速，避免了大馬拉小車現(xiàn)象，相對(duì)分體式空調(diào)大約能再節(jié)能/r/n30%-40%/r/n。/r/n/r/n雖然家用中央空調(diào)的成本較高，但從舒適性、美觀度、節(jié)能等方面來(lái)講，它對(duì)于分體式空調(diào)確實(shí)具有一定的優(yōu)勢(shì)，而現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多的住戶在選擇上已經(jīng)不局限于價(jià)格，而更多的在乎性能方面，故本設(shè)計(jì)采用變頻多聯(lián)機(jī)系統(tǒng)。/r/n5./r/n2/r/n.2新風(fēng)系統(tǒng)論證/r/n雖然多聯(lián)機(jī)系統(tǒng)有諸多優(yōu)勢(shì)，但其最大的不足就是對(duì)新風(fēng)的處理能力較差，一二層的公建部分由于人員流動(dòng)量大，使得所需新風(fēng)量大；而三層由于是住宅，新風(fēng)需求量小，從節(jié)能省錢方面考慮，三層可通過(guò)開(kāi)窗措施來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)新風(fēng)量。故一二層的空調(diào)設(shè)計(jì)需加上新風(fēng)系統(tǒng)。本設(shè)計(jì)采用直接蒸發(fā)式全新風(fēng)