住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-西南林業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Hetopsamongthebestcarracingofthepastfiftyyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.projects

B.shows

C.displays

D.rates

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)projects“計(jì)劃；設(shè)計(jì)”；B選項(xiàng)shows“展示，表演”；C選項(xiàng)displays“顯示”；D選項(xiàng)rates“比率；等級(jí)”。句意：他在過去五十年最好的賽車比賽中名列前茅。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵短語thebestcarracing（最好的賽車比賽），B，C選項(xiàng)意思相近可以排除，A選項(xiàng)projects（設(shè)計(jì)）也可排除，D選項(xiàng)rates（等級(jí)）最符合詞義。

2.單選題

Itisawell-documentedfactthatwomenstilllivelongerthanmen.A1998studybyHarvardMedicalSchoolgeriatricianThomasPerlsofferstworeasons:oneistheevolutionarydrivetopassonhergenes;theotheristheneedtostayhealthyenoughtorearasmanychildrenaspossible.Aman’spurposeissimplytocarrygenesthatensurelongevityandpassthemontohischildren.

Okay,sothat'sthelegacyofourcave-dwellerpast.Butwhatisitaboutaman'slifestylethatreduceshislongevity?Asactionmoviemakersknowalltoowell,menaresuperchargedwithtestosterone.AsidefromforcingustowatchfrenziedmovieslikeTheMatrixReloaded,thetestes-producedhormonealsotriggersriskierbehaviorandaggression,andincreaseslevelsofharmfulcholesterol,raisingtheriskofheartdiseaseorstroke.Meanwhile,thefemalehormonechopsharmfulcholesterolandraises“good”cholesterol.

AsPerls’sstudypointsout:“Betweenages15and24,menarefourtofivetimesmorelikelytodiethanwomen.Thistimeframecoincideswiththeonsetofpubertyandanincreaseinrecklessandviolentbehaviorinmales.Researchersrefertoitasa“testosteronestorm”.Mostdeathsinthismalegroupcomefrommotorvehicleaccidents,followedbyhomicide,suicide...anddrowning.”

Whileallthisjumpingfromtallbuildingsmayresultinsomeaccidentaldeath,itstilldoesn'taccountfortheonsetoffatalillnessesatanearlierage.Statistically,menarecrippledmorequicklybyillnesseslikeheartdisease,strokeandcancer.ASingaporestudyfoundthatwhilemenwerediagnosedwithchronicillnesstwoyearsearlierthanwomen,womenwerealsodisabledbytheirillnessesfouryearslater.Menmoreoftenengageinriskierhabitslikedrinkingalcoholandusingrecreationaldrugs,aswellaseatingtoexcess.Andthestereotypeaboutmenbeingadversetoseeingadoctoronaregularbasis?Studieshaveshownit'strue.

Ifyourgoalistobecomethefirst100-year-oldmanonyourfamilytree,therearesomethingsyoucandotoboostyourodds.Oneistoexaminewhatcentenariansaredoingright.AccordingtotheongoingNewEnglandCentenarianStudy,thelargestcomprehensivestudyofcentenariansintheworld,theycanfendofforevenescapeage-associateddiseaseslikeheartattack,stroke,cancer,diabetesandAlzheimer's.Ninetypercentofthosestudiedwerefunctionallyindependentforthevastmajorityoftheirlivesupuntiltheageof92,and75%werejustasautonomousatanaverageageof95.“Centenariansdisprovetheperceptionthat‘theolderyouget,thesickeryouget.’Centenariansteachusthattheolderyouget,thehealthieryou’vebeen.”

1.Thispassagemainlydiscusses______.

2.AccordingtoThomasPerls,whichofthefollowingisamajorfactorcontributingtotherelativelongevityofwomenovermen?

3.Theauthormentions“thelegacyofourcave-dwellerpast”to______.

4.Accordingtothepassage,testosteroneisahormonethat______.

5.Comparedwithwomen,menasawhole______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whywomenleadahealthierlifethanmen

B.howwomencanlivelongerandstayhealthy

C.whatkeepsmenfromenjoyingalongerlifespan

D.whethermen'slifestyleleadstotheirearlydeath

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theirnaturalurgetoremainhealthy

B.Theirgreaternaturaldrivetopassongenes

C.Theirneedtobearhealthyoffspring

D.Theirdesiretohavemorechildren

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.supporttheargumentaboutwomen'sroleinrearingchildren

B.summarizeapossiblecauseofdifferentlifeexpectancies

C.challengethetheoryaboutourancestors'behaviorpatterns

D.illustratethehistoryofhumanevolutionprocess

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.increasesasmengrowolder

B.reducesriskfactorsinmalebehavior

C.leadstoaggressivebehaviorandheartdisease

D.accountsforwomen’sdislikeforviolentfilms

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.sufferfromdepressionmoreoften

B.sufferfromdiseaseslaterthanwomen

C.arereluctanttohavephysicalcheckups

D.arenotaffectedbyviolentmovies

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干，通讀全文，以及定位到文章首段第一句“Itisawell-documentedfactthatwomenstilllivelongerthanmen.”中文翻譯為：女人仍然比男人活得長(zhǎng)，這是一個(gè)有據(jù)可查的事實(shí)。A選項(xiàng)“為什么女性比男性生活得更健康?！蔽恼轮须m提及，但并不是文章的主要內(nèi)容。C選項(xiàng)“是什么讓男人不能享受更長(zhǎng)的壽命呢?！痹谖恼碌牡诙斡兴w現(xiàn)，但這篇文章不能簡(jiǎn)單地概括為“男人不能享受更長(zhǎng)的壽命?！盌選項(xiàng)的意思跟C選項(xiàng)大體一致，也可排除。由此可知B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“ThomasPerls”可以定位到原文第一段“oneistheevolutionarydrivetopassonhergenes;theotheristheneedtostayhealthyenoughtorearasmanychildrenaspossible.”中文翻譯為：一個(gè)是遺傳基因的進(jìn)化動(dòng)力；另一個(gè)是需要保持足夠的健康來?yè)狃B(yǎng)盡可能多的孩子。因此可知B選項(xiàng)“她們天生就有傳遞基因的動(dòng)力”符合題意。

3.作者意圖題。由題干關(guān)鍵句“thelegacyofourcave-dwellerpast”可定位到原文第二段“Okay,sothat'sthelegacyofourcave-dwellerpast”，中文翻譯為：好吧，這就是過去穴居人留下的遺產(chǎn)。根據(jù)后文轉(zhuǎn)折，可以得知C選項(xiàng)“挑戰(zhàn)關(guān)于我們祖先行為模式的理論”為正確答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“testosterone”可定位到原文第二段“thetestes-producedhormonealsotriggersriskierbehaviorandaggression,andincreaseslevelsofharmfulcholesterol,raisingtheriskofheartdiseaseorstroke.”，中文翻譯為：測(cè)試產(chǎn)生的荷爾蒙還會(huì)引發(fā)更危險(xiǎn)的行為和攻擊性，增加有害膽固醇的水平，增加患心臟病或中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?？芍狢選項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致攻擊性行為和心臟病”正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。通過題干可以定位到第四段最后一句“Andthestereotypeaboutmenbeingadversetoseeingadoctoronaregularbasis?Studieshaveshownit’true.”中文大意：還有關(guān)于男人不喜歡經(jīng)?？瘁t(yī)生的刻板印象?研究表明這是真的。由此可知C選項(xiàng)“與女性相比，男性總體上不愿意做身體檢查”正確。

3.單選題

Inresponsetothesignals,therobotarmsmakescribblesonwhitecanvaswiththreecoloredmarkersattachedtotheendofthearms.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.images

B.scripts

C.scratches

D.characters

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)images“圖像；影像；肖像”；B選項(xiàng)scripts“原稿”；C選項(xiàng)scratches“刮傷；刮花”；D選項(xiàng)characters“特性；人物角色”。句意：作為對(duì)信號(hào)的回應(yīng)，機(jī)器人手臂會(huì)在白色畫布上涂鴉，手臂末端有三個(gè)彩色標(biāo)記。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞markers“記號(hào)”，得知B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Congressdelegateswaited___forthecongratulatorytelegramfromMoscowwhenthenewpartywasformed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.interms

B.inthelongrun

C.inview

D.invain

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組。A選項(xiàng)interms“明確地；毫不含糊地；焦急地”；B選項(xiàng)inthelongrun“長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)；終究”；C選項(xiàng)inview“在視野范圍內(nèi)；在考慮中的；作為目標(biāo)”；D選項(xiàng)invain“徒然；無效”。句意：當(dāng)新政黨成立時(shí)，國(guó)會(huì)代表們焦急地等待來自莫斯科的賀電。結(jié)合句意，判斷出選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。

5.單選題

Tescoispreparingalegalbattletoclearitsnameofinvolvementinthedairyprice-fixingscandalthathascostconsumers￡270million.Failuretoprovethatithadnopartincollusionwithothersupermarketsanddairyprocessorsmaylanditwithafineofatleast￡80million.TheOfficeofFairTrading(OFT)saidyesterdaythatAsda,Sainsbury’sandtheformerSafeway,plusthedairycompaniesWiseman,DairyCrestandCheeseCompany,hadadmittedbeinginacarteltofixpricesformilk,butterandcheese.Theywerefinedatotalofjustover￡116millionaspartofaleniencydealofferedbythewatchdogtocompaniesthatownedupquicklytoanti-competitivebehavior.

OfficialsattheOFTadmittedprivatelythattheydidnotthinktheywouldeverdiscoverwhichcompanyorindividualhadinitiatedthepricingformulA.Butthewatchdogrecognizesthatatthetimesupermarketswereunderpressurefrompoliticiansandfarmerstoraisethecostofmilktosavedairyfarming,thoughitisnotcertainthatmoneyfounditswaytofarmers.TheOFTclaimedinSeptemberthatithadfoundevidencethattheretailchainshadpassedfuturemilkpricestodairycompanies,whichthenreachedafixedpriceamongthemselves.

Theaveragecosttoeachhouseholdisthoughttobe￡11.25over2002and2003.Priceswentupanextra3ponapintofmilk,15ponaquarterofapoundofbutterand15ponahalf-poundofcheese.Thereisnodirectrecompenseforconsumers,however,andthemoneywillgototheTreasury.TheNationalConsumerCouncilgavewarningthattheadmissionswoulddentconsumerconfidenceinleadinghighstreetnamesandthatpeoplewouldbecomeskepticaloftheirclaims.FarmersforAction,thegroupoffarmersthathasledprotestsoverlowmilkpricessince2000,isseekinglegaladviceonwhetheritcannowbringaclaimforcompensation.

TheOFTinvestigationiscontinuing,however,inrelationtoTesco,MorrisonandthedairygroupLactalisMcLelland,andanylegalactionisexpectedtobedelayeduntilthatiscompleted.

Tescowasdefiantandsaidthatitwaspreparingarobustdefenseofitsactions.LucyNeville-Rolfe,itsexecutivedirector,said:“Aswehavealwayssaid,weactedindependentlyandwedidnotcolludewithanyone.Ourpositionisdifferentfromourcompetitorsandwearedefendingourowncasevigorously.Ourphilosophyistogiveagooddealtocustomers.”

MorrisonhassupportedtheOFTininquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusinessthatittookover,butinastatementsaidthatitwasstillmaking“strongrepresentations”initsdefense.AspokeswomanforLactalisMcLellandsaidthatthecompanywas“co-operating”withtheOFT.IndustryinsiderssuggestedthatthethreecompaniesweredeliberatelystallingtheOFTinvestigation,

Sainsbury’sadmittedyesterdaythatithadagreedtopay￡26millioninfines,butdeniedthatithadsoughttoprofiteer.JustinKing,thechiefexecutive,saidhewasdisappointedthatthecompanyhadbeenpenalizedforactionsmeanttohelpfarmersbutrecognizedthebenefitofaspeedysettlement.Asdadeclinedtosayhowmuchitwouldpayinfinesandalsosaidthatitsintentionhadbeentohelpfarmersunderseverefinancialpressure.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wemayinferthat______.

2.Whoismostprobablytheinitiatorofthepricingformula?

3.Theword“defiant”inPara.5mostprobablymeans______.

4.WemayinferfromMorrison’sstatementthat______.

5.Thewriter’sattitudetoTescocanbesaidtobe______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tescoisthemostresoluteamongalltheretailerstodefenditsreputation

B.itisalreadyprovedthatTescohascolludedwithAsda,Wiseman,DairyCrestandCheeseCompanyinfixingthedairyprice

C.Tescoistryingitsbesttoproveitsinnocenceofthescandal

D.Tescoisofferedaleniencydealof￡80millionbecauseofitsquickresponsetotheanti-competitivebehaviors

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Retailchains

B.Farmers

C.Dairycompanies

D.Politicians

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.confident

B.angry

C.deficient

D.challenging

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.MorrisonturnouttobethemostdefensivewhendealingwithOFT

B.MorrisonisreluctanttosupporttheinquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusiness

C.industryinsiderssuggestthatMorrisonwastryingtodelaytheOFTinvestigationwithnon-cooperation

D.Morrisonindeedrefusestoadmititsinvolvementinthescandal

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.objective

B.biased

C.sympathetic

D.optimistic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段。A選項(xiàng)“特易購(gòu)是所有零售商中最堅(jiān)決捍衛(wèi)自己聲譽(yù)的?！蓖茰y(cè)其他的零售商勾結(jié)，并沒有體現(xiàn)出捍衛(wèi)自身的聲譽(yù)，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)已經(jīng)證明，特易購(gòu)與阿斯達(dá)、懷斯曼、乳品佳潔士和奶酪公司串通操縱乳品價(jià)格?！崩斫忮e(cuò)誤，特易購(gòu)要證明自己并沒有與其他零售商勾結(jié)。C選項(xiàng)“特易購(gòu)正盡力證明自己在丑聞中的清白?！庇深}干定位到第一句“Tescoispreparingalegalbattletoclearitsnameofinvolvementinthedairyprice-fixingscandalthathascostconsumers￡270million”中文翻譯：特易購(gòu)正準(zhǔn)備打一場(chǎng)法律戰(zhàn)，以澄清自己卷入這起導(dǎo)致消費(fèi)者損失2.7億英鎊的奶制品價(jià)格操縱丑聞的名聲。符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。D選項(xiàng)“由于特易購(gòu)對(duì)反競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為的快速反應(yīng)，特易購(gòu)獲得了8000萬英鎊的寬大處理?！崩斫忮e(cuò)誤，如果Tesco不能證明自己的清白，將面臨8000萬英鎊的罰款。D選項(xiàng)可排除。綜上所述，C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干，A選項(xiàng)“Retailchains”（零售連鎖店），文中所說的零售商只是將奶制品的價(jià)格提供給公司，不符合題意，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“Famers”（農(nóng)民），文中所說的不確定農(nóng)民是否得到了錢。C選項(xiàng)“Dairycompanies”（乳制品公司），文中所說乳制品公司操縱了的價(jià)格，符合題意，C選項(xiàng)正確。D選項(xiàng)“Politicians”（政治家），文中所說，財(cái)政部獲得了補(bǔ)償，因此，也可排除。綜上所述，C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.詞義辨析題。由題干可以定位到文章第五段第一句“Tescowasdefiantandsaidthatitwaspreparingarobustdefenseofitsactions”，中文翻譯為：特易購(gòu)對(duì)此不以為然，并表示正準(zhǔn)備為自己的行為進(jìn)行強(qiáng)有力的辯護(hù)。A選項(xiàng)“自信的”，特易購(gòu)正準(zhǔn)備為自己的行為進(jìn)行辯護(hù)，可推測(cè)他對(duì)行為很自信。A選項(xiàng)最符合詞義。B選項(xiàng)“生氣的”，文中沒有體現(xiàn)特易購(gòu)生氣，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“不足的，有缺陷的”，不符合題意，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“挑戰(zhàn)性的”，不符合題意，可排除。綜上所述，A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第六段MorrisonhassupportedtheOFTininquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusinessthatittookover,butinastatementsaidthatitwasstillmaking“strongrepresentations”initsdefense.AspokeswomanforLactalisMcLellandsaidthat

thecompanywas“co-operating”withtheOFT.IndustryinsiderssuggestedthatthethreecompaniesweredeliberatelystallingtheOFTinvestigation.中文翻譯為：莫里森支持OFT對(duì)其接管的前Safeway業(yè)務(wù)的調(diào)查，但在一份聲明中表示，莫里森仍在為OFT進(jìn)行“強(qiáng)有力的辯護(hù)”。LactalisMcLelland的發(fā)言人表示，該公司正在與OFT“合作”。業(yè)內(nèi)人士暗示，這三家公司是在故意拖延OFT的調(diào)查。判斷出C選項(xiàng)“業(yè)內(nèi)人士暗示，莫里森是在試圖以不合作的方式拖延OFT的調(diào)查”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在處理OFT時(shí)，莫里森是最具防御性的”，這里并沒有體現(xiàn)莫里森具有防御性，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“莫里森不愿支持對(duì)前西夫韋公司的調(diào)查”，文中所說，莫里森支持對(duì)前Safeway公司的調(diào)查，因此，B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“莫里森公司確實(shí)拒絕承認(rèn)與丑聞?dòng)嘘P(guān)”，文中并沒有提及，可排除。綜上所述，C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。通讀全文，A選項(xiàng)“objective”（客觀的），文中作者對(duì)Tesco的態(tài)度比較客觀，符合題意，A選項(xiàng)正確；B選項(xiàng)“biased”（有偏見的），文中并沒有體現(xiàn)作者對(duì)于Tesco的偏見，可排除；C選項(xiàng)“sympathetic”（同情的），不符合題意，可排除；D選項(xiàng)“optimistic”（積極的），不符合題意，可排除。綜上所述，A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Theexaminationquestiontotallyperplexedher.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fascinated

B.confused

C.enlightened

D.saddened

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)fascinated“著迷的；被深深吸引的”；B選項(xiàng)confused“困惑的；混亂的；糊涂的”；C選項(xiàng)enlightened“開明的；文明的；有知識(shí)的；覺悟的”；D選項(xiàng)saddened“難過的；悲傷的”。句意：考題把她完全難住了。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞question（問題），得知B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

TheFrenchwordrenaissancemeansrebirth.Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesMicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventuallybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning1450-1600.TheconceptofrebirthwasappropriatetothisperiodofEuropeanhistorybecauseoftherenewedinterestinancientGreekandRomanculturethatbeganinItalyandthenspreadthroughoutEurope.ScholarsandartistsofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturieswantedtorestorethelearningandidealsoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRome.Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohumanasopposedtospiritual-values.Fulfillmentinlife—asopposedtoconcernaboutanafterlife—becameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingthepleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrownedon.

Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellasreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed,experienced,discussed,anddisseminateD.Theycouldseethearchitecturalmonuments,sculptures,plays,andpoemsthatwerebeingrediscovered,buttheycouldnotactuallyhearancientmusic—althoughtheycouldreadthewritingsofclassicalphilosophers,poets,essayists,andmusictheoriststhatwerebecomingavailableintranslation.Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.Forexample,theinfluentialreligiousleaderBernardinoCirilloexpresseddisappointmentwiththelearnedmusicofhistime.Heurgedmusicianstofollowtheexampleofthesculptors,painters,architects,andscholarswhohadrediscoveredancientartandliterature.

ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf-thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.WhatdoestheauthormeanbyusingthewordeventuallyinPara.1?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthinkersoftheRenaissancewereseekingarebirthof___.

4.Accordingtothepassage,RenaissanceartistsandwritershadallofthefollowingintentionsEXCEPT___.

5.WhichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasareasonfortheabsenceofasingleRenaissancemusicalstyle?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThemusicalcompositionsthatbestillustratethedevelopmentsduringtheEuropeanRenaissance

B.ThemusicaltechniquesthatwereinuseduringtheEuropeanRenaissance

C.TheEuropeanRenaissanceasaculturaldevelopmentthatincludedchangesinmusicalstyle

D.TheancientGreekandRomanmusicalpracticesusedduringtheEuropeanRenaissance

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thatmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”aftertheotherhistoriansdid

B.Thatmostmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”

C.Theterm“Renaissance”becamewidelyusedbyarthistoriansbutnotbymusichistorians

D.Thatmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”verydifferentlythanithadbeenusedbyJulesMichelet

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.communicationamongartistsacrossEurope

B.spiritualityineverydaylife

C.aculturalemphasisonhumanvalues

D.religiousthemesinartthatwouldaccompanythetraditionalsecularthemes

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.tousereligiousthemes

B.toportrayonlythepleasantpartsofhumanexperience

C.toproduceartthatpeoplewouldfindattractive

D.tocreateworksthatwereeasilyunderstood

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThemusicalRenaissancewasdefinedbytechniqueratherthanstyle

B.ThemusicalRenaissancewastooshorttogiverisetoanewmusicalstyle

C.RenaissancemusiciansadoptedthestylesofbothGreekandRomanmusicians

D.DuringtheRenaissance,musicneverremainedthesameforverylong

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干，通讀全文，以及定位到文章尾段第一句“ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.”，中文翻譯為：歐洲音樂復(fù)興與其說是一套特定的音樂技巧，不如說是一場(chǎng)普遍的文化運(yùn)動(dòng)和一種精神狀態(tài)?？梢耘袛郈選項(xiàng)“歐洲文藝復(fù)興是一種包括音樂風(fēng)格變化在內(nèi)的文化發(fā)展。”正確。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“eventually”可以定位到原文第一段“Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesMicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventuallybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning1450-1600.”，中文翻譯為：1855年，歷史學(xué)家朱爾斯?米歇萊(JulesMichelet)在他的《法國(guó)歷史》中首次使用了這個(gè)詞，隨后被文化歷史學(xué)家、藝術(shù)歷史學(xué)家和音樂歷史學(xué)家采用，所有這些歷史學(xué)家都在1450-1600年的150年間將其應(yīng)用于歐洲文化。關(guān)鍵詞“eventually”意為“最后；終于”因此可知A選項(xiàng)：音樂歷史學(xué)家在其他歷史學(xué)家之后才使用“文藝復(fù)興”這個(gè)詞正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“thatthinkersoftheRenaissance”可定位到原文第一段“Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohumanasopposedtospiritual-values.”，中文翻譯為：對(duì)這些學(xué)者來說，這意味著回歸人類，而不是靈魂價(jià)值。判斷C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)人類價(jià)值的文化強(qiáng)調(diào)”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A選項(xiàng)“使用宗教主題”，C選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)作出人們會(huì)覺得有吸引力的藝術(shù)作品”以及D選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)作容易理解的作品”可定位到原文第二段“Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellasreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.”，中文翻譯為：藝術(shù)家和作家現(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)向世俗和宗教題材，力求使他們的作品易于理解和吸引人?？芍狟選項(xiàng)“只描繪人類經(jīng)歷中令人愉快的部分”未提及，符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文尾段“Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf-thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.”，中文翻譯為：此外，音樂在這一個(gè)半世紀(jì)里變化如此之快，盡管在不同的國(guó)家以不同的速度變化——我們不能定義一個(gè)單一的文藝復(fù)興風(fēng)格。判斷出D選項(xiàng)“在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，音樂從未長(zhǎng)時(shí)間保持不變?！闭_。

8.單選題

Hemadea______speechthatcausedagreatdealofargument.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.successful

B.provocative

C.touching

D.hostile

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)successful“成功的；一帆風(fēng)順的”；B選項(xiàng)provocative“刺激的；挑撥的；煽動(dòng)的”；C選項(xiàng)touching“動(dòng)人的，令人同情的”；D選項(xiàng)hostile“敵對(duì)的；敵方的；懷敵意的”。句意：他做了一個(gè)……演講引起了一番爭(zhēng)論。根causedagreatdealofargument（引起大量的爭(zhēng)論）可推測(cè)B選項(xiàng)與其意思對(duì)應(yīng)正確，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

9.單選題

Therearemanywaystorecycleusedmaterials,forexample,___rubberfromoldtires.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.detecting

B.declaring

C.reclaiming

D.requiring

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)detect“察覺；發(fā)現(xiàn)；探測(cè)”；B選項(xiàng)declare“宣布，聲明；斷言，宣稱”；C選項(xiàng)reclaim“開拓；回收再利用；改造某人，使某人悔改；抗議，喊叫”；D選項(xiàng)require“需要；要求；命令”。句意：有很多方法回收使用過的材料，例如，從舊輪胎中回收橡膠。結(jié)合此處語境，C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Itwasalreadyknownthatatleastsomegeneticabnormalitiesarecausedbytheabsenceofspecificproteins.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.irregularities

B.similarities

C.activities

D.qualities

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)irregularity“不規(guī)則；無規(guī)律；不整齊”；B選項(xiàng)similarity“類似；相似點(diǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)activity“活動(dòng)；活動(dòng)區(qū)；活動(dòng)性”；D選項(xiàng)quality“質(zhì)量，[統(tǒng)計(jì)]品質(zhì)；特性；才能”。句意：人們已經(jīng)知道，至少有些基因異常是由缺乏特定蛋白質(zhì)引起的。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞abnormalities“異常；畸形”，得知A為正確答案。

11.單選題

Inasense,thenewprotectionismisnotprotectionismatall,atleastnotinthetraditionalsenseoftheterm.Theoldprotectionismreferredonlytotraderestrictingandtradeexpandingdevices,suchasthetarifforexportsubsidy.Thenewprotectionismismuchbroaderthanthis:itincludesinterventionsintoforeigntradebutisnotlimitedtothem.Thenewprotectionism,infact,referstohowthewholeofgovernmentinterventionintotheprivateeconomyaffectsinternationaltrade.Theemphasisontradeisstillthere,thuscametheterm“protection.”Butwhatisnewistherealizationthatvirtuallyallgovernmentactivitiescanaffectinternationaleconomicrelations.

TheemergenceofthenewprotectionismintheWesternworldreflectsthevictoryoftheinterventionist,orwelfareeconomyoverthemarketeconomy.JabTumilerwrites,“Theoldprotectionism...coexisted,withoutanyapparentintellectualdifficultywiththeacceptanceofthemarketasanationalaswellasaninternationaleconomicdistributionmechanism-indeed,protectionistsaswellas(ifnotmorethan)freetradersstoodforlaissezfaire.Now,asinthe1930s,protectionismisanexpressionofaprofoundskepticismastotheabilityofthemarkettodistributeresourcesandincomestosocieties’satisfaction.”Itispreciselythisprofoundskepticismofthemarketeconomythatisresponsiblefortheprotectionism.Inamarketeconomy,economicchangeofvariouscolorsimpliesredistributionofresourcesandincomes.Thesameopinioninmanycommunitiesapparentlyisthatsuchredistributionsoftenarenotproper.Therefore,thegovernmentintervenestobringaboutamoredesiredresult.

ThevictoryofthewelfarestateisalmostcompleteinnorthernEurope.InSweden,Norway,Finland,Denmark,andtheNetherlands,governmentinterventioninalmostallaspectsofeconomicandsociallifeisconsiderednormal.InGreatBritainthisisonlysomewhatlesstrue.GovernmenttraditionallyhasplayedaveryactiveroleineconomiclifeinFranceandcontinuedtodoso.OnlyWestGermanydarestogoagainstthetidetowardsexcessiveinterventionisminWesternEurope.ItalsohappenstobethemostsuccessfulWesternEuropeaneconomy.

ThewelfarestatehasmadesignificantprogressintheUnitedStatesaswellasinWesternEurope.Socialsecurity,unemploymentinsurance,minimumwagelaws,andrentcontrolarebynowtraditionalwelfarestateelementsontheAmericanscene.

1.Thispassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing______.

2.Theword“virtually”(ParA.1)isclosestinmeaningto______.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTacharacteristicofawelfarestatementionedinthispassage?

4.Whichofthefollowinginferencesistrue,accordingtothispassage?

5.Thepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedefinitionofthenewprotectionism

B.thedifferencebetweennewandoldprotectionism

C.theemergenceofthenewprotectionismintheWesternworld

D.thesignificanceofthewelfarestate

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.genuinely

B.really

C.nearly

D.particularly

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Freeeducationisavailabletoachild

B.Lawsaremadetofixtheminimumwage

C.Ajoblesspersoncanbeinsured

D.Thereareregulationsforrent

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theeconomydevelopedfasterinwelfarestatesthaninnon-welfarestates

B.Inthe1930s,protectionismbegantorise

C.Thenewprotectionismissocalledmainlybecauseitisthelatest

D.GovernmentplaysamoreactiveroleineconomiclifeinNorthernEuropethaninGreatBritain

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Whendidthenewprotectionismarise

B.WhyisthenewprotectionismsopopularinnorthernEuropeancountries

C.Whydoesthegovernmentinterveneineconomiclife

D.DoestheAmericangovernmentplayamoreactiveroleineconomiclifethantheBritishgovernment

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。通讀全文，可知是“新保護(hù)主義”的出現(xiàn)以及產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。A選項(xiàng)“新保護(hù)主義的定義”過于片面，不符合題意，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“新舊保護(hù)主義的區(qū)別”也是講述了一個(gè)方面，也可排除。D選項(xiàng)“福利國(guó)家的意義”也不符合題意，可排除，因此C選項(xiàng)“西方新保護(hù)主義的興起”正確。

2.詞義辨析題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“therealizationthatvirtuallyallgovernmentactivitiescanaffectinternationaleconomicrelations.”中文翻譯為：幾乎所有政府活動(dòng)都會(huì)影響國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)“真誠(chéng)地；真正地”，B選項(xiàng)“真正地”，C選項(xiàng)“幾乎”，D選項(xiàng)“尤其”。根據(jù)“政府的一切活動(dòng)都會(huì)影響國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系”，這句話太過于絕對(duì)，可排除A、B選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)與題意不符，也可排除，由此可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“awelfarestate”可定位到文中最后兩段，中文翻譯：福利國(guó)家的勝利在北歐幾乎已經(jīng)完成。在瑞典、挪威、芬蘭、丹麥和荷蘭，政府對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)生活幾乎所有方面的干預(yù)都被認(rèn)為是正常的。在英國(guó)，這只是稍微有點(diǎn)不真實(shí)。在法國(guó)，政府傳統(tǒng)上在經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中扮演著非常積極的角色，并將繼續(xù)這樣做。只有西德膽敢逆著西歐過度干預(yù)主義的潮流而動(dòng)。它也是最成功的西歐經(jīng)濟(jì)體。福利國(guó)家在美國(guó)和西歐都取得了重大進(jìn)展。社會(huì)保障、失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)、最低工資法和租金管制現(xiàn)在都是美國(guó)社會(huì)的傳統(tǒng)福利要素。A選項(xiàng)“兒童可以接受免費(fèi)教育”不符合上述列表。B選項(xiàng)“最低工資法”、C“失業(yè)者投?！?、D選項(xiàng)“租房有規(guī)定”均符合美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)福利要素。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。通讀全文，A選項(xiàng)“福利國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)比非福利國(guó)家發(fā)展得更快”，文中并未提及，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)30年代，保護(hù)主義開始興起”。與句中“在20世紀(jì)30年代，保護(hù)主義是對(duì)市場(chǎng)分配資源和收入以使社會(huì)滿意的能力的一種深刻懷疑的表現(xiàn)”不符，也可排除。C選項(xiàng)“所謂新保護(hù)主義，主要是因?yàn)樗亲钚碌摹保斫忮e(cuò)誤，不符合題意，也可排除。D選項(xiàng)“在北歐，政府在經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中扮演著比英國(guó)更積極的角色”，可定位到文中第三段“InSweden,Norway,Finland,Denmark,andtheNetherlands,governmentinterventioninalmostallaspectsofeconomicandsociallifeisconsiderednormal.InGreatBritainthisisonlysomewhatlesstrue.”中文翻譯：在瑞典、挪威、芬蘭、丹麥和荷蘭，政府對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)生活

幾乎所有方面的干預(yù)都被認(rèn)為是正常的。在英國(guó)，這只是稍微有點(diǎn)不真實(shí)?？赏茰y(cè)，英國(guó)對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)的干涉較少。因此可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。通讀全文，A選項(xiàng)“新的保護(hù)主義是什么時(shí)候出現(xiàn)的？”，文章第一段對(duì)“新保護(hù)主義的興起”一筆帶過，可排除A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)“為什么新的保護(hù)主義在北歐國(guó)家如此流行？”，理解片面，排除。C選項(xiàng)“政府為什么要干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)生活？”，可定位到文中第一段“Thenewprotectionism,infact,referstohowthewholeofgovernmentinterventionintotheprivateeconomyaffectsinternationaltrade”中文翻譯：新保護(hù)主義指的是政府對(duì)私營(yíng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的整體干預(yù)如何影響國(guó)際貿(mào)易。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。D選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)政府在經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中的作用是否比英國(guó)政府更為積極？”理解片面，可排除。綜上所述，C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

12.單選題

Thematerialsupportandadvisoryservicesofferedbytheseprojects______thewillofthepoortohelpthemselvesandenablethemtoleadself-sufficientlives.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prolong

B.enforce

C.reinforce

D.inform

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)prolong“延長(zhǎng)；拖延”；B選項(xiàng)enforce“實(shí)施，執(zhí)行；強(qiáng)迫，強(qiáng)制”；C選項(xiàng)reinforce“加強(qiáng)，加固；強(qiáng)化；補(bǔ)充”；D選項(xiàng)inform“通知；告訴；報(bào)告”。句意：這些項(xiàng)目提供的物質(zhì)支持和咨詢服務(wù)……了窮人自助的意愿，使他們能夠過上自給自足的生活。根據(jù)Thematerialsupportandadvisoryservicesbytheseprojects（這些項(xiàng)目提供的物質(zhì)支持和咨詢服務(wù)）可推測(cè)這些項(xiàng)目對(duì)……來說是有利的，A選項(xiàng)不符合題意，可排除。B選項(xiàng)含貶義也可排除。D選項(xiàng)不符合題意，可排除。結(jié)合句意，C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Sheisveryresourceful,andshecanalwaysfindawayaroundanyproblem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.delightful

B.responsible

C.industrious

D.smart

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)delightful“可愛的，可喜的；討人喜歡的；令人愉快的”；B選項(xiàng)responsible“負(fù)責(zé)的，可靠的；有責(zé)任的”；C選項(xiàng)industrious“勤勉的”；D選項(xiàng)smart“聰明的；巧妙的；敏捷的；厲害的；瀟灑的；劇烈的；時(shí)髦的”。句意：她足智多謀，總能找到解決任何問題的辦法。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞resourceful“足智多謀的；機(jī)智的”，得知D為正確答案。

14.單選題

Thereareover6,000differentcomputerandonlinegamesintheworldnow.Asegmentofthemareconsideredtobebotheducationalandharmlesslyentertaining.Onesuchgameteachesgeography,andanothertrainspilots.Otherstraintheplayerinlogicalthinkingandproblemsolving.Somegamesmayalsohelppeopletobecomemorecomputerliterate,whichismoreimportantinthistechnology-drivenera.

Butthedarksideofthecomputergameshasbecomesmoreandmoreobvious.“Asegmentofgamesfeaturesanti-socialthemesofviolence,sexandcrudelanguage,”saysDavidWalsh,presidentoftheNationalInstituteonMediaandFamily.“Unfortunately,it'sasegmentthatseemsparticularlypopularwithkidsagedeighttofifteen.”

Onestudyshowedthatalmost80percentofthecomputerandonlinegamesyoungpeoplepreferredcontain