1、科技英語PPT課件科技英語PPT課件Computer計算機Computer計算機英語諺語一則Constant dripping wears away a stone.水滴石穿，繩鋸木斷。英語知識小點滴按揭購房 take out a mortgage to buy a house; buy a house on time課前小知識英語諺語一則課前小知識 A computer is an electronic machine that performs calculations and processes data automatically at high speed according to

2、a prescribed sequence of operations. 計算機是一種電子機器，它能夠按照規(guī)定的運行順序以高速進(jìn)行自動計算和數(shù)據(jù)處理。 規(guī)定的執(zhí)行計算處理數(shù)據(jù) A computer is an elect Broadly speaking, the term can refer not only to an electronic machine but also to one of a mechanical, analog, or other variety. Although all these types are used, computers usually mean e

3、lectronic digital machines because electronic digital machines have many advantages and are widely used. 一般說來，該術(shù)語不僅僅指電子機器，也可指機械式的、模擬的或其它類型的。雖然這些種類都在使用，但計算機通常指的是電子數(shù)字機器，因為電子數(shù)字機器有許多優(yōu)點并且得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。一般地說，泛泛地說模擬的品種，種類 Broadly speaking, Computers vary greatly in size; the smallest can be incorporated into a w

4、ristwatch, while the largest may fill an entire room. The electronic components of computers enable them to perform operations at high speeds. 計算機在體積上差別很大，最小的可以嵌入一塊手表內(nèi)，而最大的則可以占據(jù)整個房間。計算機的電子元件可以使其以高速運行。 加入，裝入元件，構(gòu)件 Computers vary great The fastest computer is able to perform billions of calculations pe

5、r second. Computes are used to solve numerous problems, such as payroll calculations, inventory records, bank account transactions, airline reservations, and scientific and engineering computations. 最快的計算機每秒鐘可以進(jìn)行幾十億次運算。人們應(yīng)用計算機解決眾多問題如工資表計算、庫存資產(chǎn)記錄、銀行賬目交易、航班預(yù)定以及科技與工程方面的運算。 工資表計算庫存資產(chǎn)記錄銀行賬目交易航班預(yù)定 The fas

6、test compute For each problem, the user must supply the necessary data and prepare an appropriate program (sequence of operations) by which the computer can process the data to produce the desired output. 對每個問題，使用者都必須提供必需的數(shù)據(jù)并預(yù)先編好正確的程序（運行順序），計算機通過程序處理數(shù)據(jù)并給出期望的結(jié)果。程序期望的結(jié)果 For each problem, the Owing to

7、the tremendous progress in the micro-miniaturization of the transistor (the basic element of computers) since the late 1960s, inexpensive and small computers have become widely available, proliferating in virtually every sector of society. 自20世紀(jì)60年代后期，由于晶體管（計算機的基本元件）在微型化方面取得的巨大進(jìn)展，廉價的小型計算機在社會的各個部門都得到

8、了廣泛的應(yīng)用。 Because of , on account of 極大的，巨大的晶體管增生，擴散實際上部門，扇區(qū) Owing to the tremendo Industrialized countries have become dependent on computers to assist in daily life, for they are used in countless activities, such as manufacturing, transportation, communication, education, and business. 發(fā)達(dá)國家已經(jīng)依靠計算機來

9、確保日產(chǎn)生活的正常運行，因為它們已被應(yīng)用于無數(shù)活動中，比如生產(chǎn)、運輸、通信、教育和商業(yè)。 發(fā)達(dá)國家?guī)椭?，支援活動生產(chǎn) Industrialized countri Compared with other important technological products, computers are used in home and office by far more people, including those with little or no technical background. Thus, a solid working knowledge of computers is be

10、neficial to most people. 同其他重大科技產(chǎn)品相比，計算機可被更多的用戶在家庭和辦公中所使用，其中包括那些幾乎或完全沒有專業(yè)背景的人。因此扎實的計算機操作知識對大多數(shù)人都是有用的。與相比背景（知識）扎實的 Compared with other A computer can be represented in block diagram form as shown in Fig.2-1. It consists of five functional blocks: memory, input, output, control and arithmetic and logi

11、c unit. 計算機可以表示為圖2-1所示的方框圖形式，它由存儲器、輸入設(shè)備、輸出設(shè)備、控制器及算術(shù)邏輯單元五個功能塊所組成。方框圖存儲器、輸入設(shè)備、輸出設(shè)備、控制器、算術(shù)邏輯單元 A computer can be rep The memory is used to store instructions and data which are processed by the arithmetic and logic unit. 存儲器用來存儲算術(shù)邏輯單元的指令和數(shù)據(jù)。指令 The memory is used t The control unit coordinates the opera

12、tions of the computer and most of the control resides in a central unit which, since it normally also contains the arithmetic and logic unit, is known as the central processing unit (CPU), namely the central processing unit (CPU) consists of a control unit and an arithmetic and logic unit. 控制器用來協(xié)調(diào)計算

13、機的操作，并且絕大多數(shù)控制器被設(shè)置于中央單元內(nèi)，由于中央單元一般也包含算術(shù)邏輯單元，因而它被稱作中央處理器（CPU），即中央處理器（CPU）由控制器和算術(shù)邏輯單元組成。協(xié)調(diào)位于中央處里器 The control unit coor In a simple microcomputer system, integrated circuits often correspond to this functional division of computer systems. The main method of communication between the various component p

14、arts of a computer is by the use of one or more buses. A bus consists of a group of signal lines used to carry information. The CPU is organized around a bus structure. 在一個簡單的微型計算機系統(tǒng)中，集成電路的布置通常與計算機系統(tǒng)的這種功能性的劃分相適應(yīng)。計算機中各個部分之間通信的主要方法是利用一條或多條總線?？偩€包括一組用來傳輸信息的信號線。CPU的周圍布滿了總線。微型計算機集成線路總線 In a simple microco

15、mp The parts of the computer which are involved in the transfer of data to and from the outside world are know as peripheral devices and can be categorized as follows: 計算機中用來和外界進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)傳輸交換的部分被稱為外部設(shè)備，可以劃分為以下幾類：致力于做用來外部設(shè)備 The parts of the comp 1） Input: devices used to transfer information into the compu

16、ter.2）Output: devices used to transfer information out from the computer to the outside world.3）Input/Output: devices which can be used for both the input and the output of data.1) 輸入設(shè)備：用來向計算機輸入信息的設(shè)備。2）輸出設(shè)備：用來將信息從計算機向外傳輸?shù)脑O(shè)備。3）輸入/輸出（I/O）：可同時用來進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)輸入和輸出的設(shè)備。 1） Input: devices use小結(jié)transistor:晶體管； memory:存儲