1、2020年外研版英語(yǔ)中考語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)專題05-介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)2020年外研版英語(yǔ)中考語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)專題05-介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)專題(五)介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)第二篇語(yǔ)法專題突破專題(五)第二篇語(yǔ)法專題突破考點(diǎn)一時(shí)間介詞的用法詞條用法舉例at用來(lái)表示在具體的時(shí)刻或年齡at 8:00 在八點(diǎn)at noon 在中午at the age of 15 在15歲時(shí)on用來(lái)表示在具體的某一天或特定的某一天的上午/下午/晚上on June 1st 在6月1日on a cold winter day 在一個(gè)寒冷的冬日on Saturday morning 在周六上午on the evening of September 10th在9

2、月10日的晚上考點(diǎn)一時(shí)間介詞的用法詞條用法舉例at用來(lái)表示在具體的時(shí)刻（續(xù)表）詞條用法舉例on用在星期、節(jié)日前on Monday 在星期一on Teachers Day 在教師節(jié)in用在某個(gè)世紀(jì)、年份、月份、季節(jié)前或泛指在上午、下午或晚上“in+一段時(shí)間”表示在一段時(shí)間之后,用于將來(lái)時(shí)in the 21st century 在21世紀(jì)in 2020 在2020年in October 在10月份in spring 在春天in a few days 幾天后in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上（續(xù)表）詞條用法舉例on用在星期、節(jié)日前on Monday

3、（續(xù)表）詞條用法舉例during在期間 during the summer holiday 在暑假期間for后接時(shí)間段,表示延續(xù)多久Alice has been in China for six years. 艾麗斯在中國(guó)六年了。（續(xù)表）詞條用法舉例during在期間 during t（續(xù)表）詞條用法舉例since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)/時(shí)間的分界線,或表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)I have lived here since 2010. 自從2010年以來(lái)我就一直住在這兒。I have lived here since ten years ago. 自從10年前我就一直住在這兒。I hav

4、e lived here since I was a child. 自從我是個(gè)孩子時(shí)我就一直住在這兒。（續(xù)表）詞條用法舉例since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)/時(shí)間的分界線,或（續(xù)表）詞條用法舉例from后接開始的時(shí)間,常用搭配: fromto 從到From now on, Ill get up early. 從現(xiàn)在起,我將要早起。before在之前I must finish all the work before ten oclock. 我必須在10點(diǎn)前完成所有的工作。after后接時(shí)間點(diǎn),常用于將來(lái)時(shí)I will go to school after seven oclock. 我將在7點(diǎn)之后去上學(xué)。后接

5、以過(guò)去為起點(diǎn)的時(shí)間段,多用于過(guò)去時(shí)Uncle Tom finished school after three years. 湯姆叔叔3年后畢業(yè)了。（續(xù)表）詞條用法舉例from后接開始的時(shí)間,常用搭配: f（續(xù)表）詞條用法舉例byby+時(shí)間點(diǎn)(表過(guò)去),常用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)By 2019, I had worked there for ten years. 到2019年為止,我已經(jīng)在那里工作10年了。by+時(shí)間點(diǎn)(表將來(lái)),常用于將來(lái)完成時(shí) By the end of this term, I will have learned 1,000 English words. 到這個(gè)學(xué)期結(jié)束時(shí),我將學(xué)完1

6、000個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。until 表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)到某一時(shí)間We must work here until 10 oclock. 我們必須在這兒工作到10點(diǎn)鐘。（續(xù)表）詞條用法舉例byby+時(shí)間點(diǎn)(表過(guò)去),常用于過(guò)去考點(diǎn)二表示地點(diǎn)和方位的介詞1.at, on, in和to詞條用法舉例at后接較小的場(chǎng)所或具體地點(diǎn)at home 在家at school 在學(xué)校at the bus station 在公交站on與表面接觸on the desk 在書桌上on the floor 在地板上表示兩地接壤Guangxi is on the west of Guangdong.廣西在廣東的西邊。考點(diǎn)二表示地點(diǎn)和方位

7、的介詞1.at, on, in和to詞（續(xù)表）詞條用法舉例in表示在較大的地方(國(guó)家、省、城市等)in China 在中國(guó)in Hebei 在河北in the city 在城市在周圍環(huán)境是立體的地方in the forest 在森林里in the classroom 在教室里to在范圍之外,不接壤Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中國(guó)的東部。（續(xù)表）詞條用法舉例in表示在較大的地方(國(guó)家、省、城市等2.across, through, over 和past(1)across“橫過(guò);穿過(guò)”,指從物體表面的一邊到另一邊。Go across the bridge,

8、and you will see the hotel. 過(guò)了橋你就會(huì)看到那家賓館。(2)through“穿過(guò);透過(guò)”,指從某一物體的空間內(nèi)部穿過(guò)。Go through the forest, and you will see a river.穿過(guò)森林,你將會(huì)看到一條河流。2.across, through, over 和past(3)over“越過(guò);翻過(guò)”,指從某一物體的上方越過(guò),表面不接觸。The plane flew over the mountains.飛機(jī)從那些山峰的上方飛過(guò)。(4)past“經(jīng)過(guò)”,指從旁邊經(jīng)過(guò)。The teacher saw the boy sleeping whe

9、n he walked past the classroom.當(dāng)老師經(jīng)過(guò)教室時(shí),他看到那個(gè)男孩正在睡覺。(3)over“越過(guò);翻過(guò)”,指從某一物體的上方越過(guò),表面不3.in front of 和in the front of(1)in front of “在前面”(范圍外)。There is a tree in front of the classroom. 教室前面有一棵樹。(教室外)(2)in the front of “在前面”(范圍內(nèi))。Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom.我們的老師站在教室的前面。(教室內(nèi))3.in fro

10、nt of 和in the front of4.between和among(1)between 表示在兩者之間。The school is between the supermarket and the bookshop.學(xué)校在超市和書店之間。(2)among 表示在三者或三者以上的人或事物之間。She sits among us, like a student.她坐在我們當(dāng)中,像個(gè)學(xué)生。4.between和among5.over, above, under和below詞條含義及用法over“在正上方”,不接觸,其反義詞是under,意為“在正下方”above“在的上方”,不接觸,且不一定垂直

11、,其反義詞是below,意為“在下方”5.over, above, under和below詞條含義考點(diǎn)三表示方式、方法、途徑的介詞詞條用法舉例byby+表示交通工具的單數(shù)名詞,且名詞前不加任何修飾詞by plane 坐飛機(jī)by bus 坐公交車by subway 坐地鐵by+與交通有關(guān)的名詞,表示交通方式 I will go there by sea. 我將坐船去那里?！癰y+名詞/動(dòng)名詞”表示憑借工具或手段Some work must be done by hand. 有些工作必須手工完成?？键c(diǎn)三表示方式、方法、途徑的介詞詞條用法舉例byby+表（續(xù)表）詞條用法舉例inin+封閉的交通工具,

12、且名詞前有限定詞Alan goes to work in his sisters car. 艾倫坐他姐姐的車去上班。in+某種材料/語(yǔ)言/聲音等She wrote a letter in black ink. 她用黑墨水寫了一封信。Can you say it in English? 你能用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)嗎?（續(xù)表）詞條用法舉例inin+封閉的交通工具,且名詞前有限（續(xù)表）詞條用法舉例onon+開放型或大型交通工具,且名詞前有限定詞;固定搭配除外,如on footMy father goes to work on a bus every morning. 我爸爸每天早上坐公交車去上班。表示用網(wǎng)絡(luò)、電

13、話、收音機(jī)、電視等They talked on the phone and made a deal. 他們通過(guò)電話交談并達(dá)成了協(xié)議。with表示“用;以;借助于”,其后常接具體的工具 I wrote the letter with a pen. 我用鋼筆寫的這封信。（續(xù)表）詞條用法舉例onon+開放型或大型交通工具,且名詞考點(diǎn)四其他?？冀樵~的用法考點(diǎn)四其他常考介詞的用法Everyone is very happy except him. 除了他,每個(gè)人都很開心。I learn English and maths besides Chinese. 除了語(yǔ)文,我還學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)和數(shù)學(xué)。Im leavin

14、g for Shanghai this weekend. 這個(gè)周末我將去上海。He came in with a book in his hand. 他進(jìn)來(lái)了,手里拿著一本書。Let me speak to you as a friend. 讓我以朋友的身份對(duì)你講。He is leaning against the wall and he is against my opinion. 他靠在墻邊,反對(duì)我的觀點(diǎn)。Everyone is very happy except 考點(diǎn)五含有介詞的短語(yǔ)介詞和動(dòng)詞、形容詞和名詞相結(jié)合后,有特定的意思,應(yīng)熟記。常見搭配舉例動(dòng)詞+介詞look at 看, loo

15、k for 尋找, think of 想起, arrive at/in 到達(dá)be動(dòng)詞+形容詞+介詞be kind to 對(duì)友好, be good at 擅長(zhǎng), be interested in 對(duì)感興趣, be sorry for 為抱歉, be late for 遲到考點(diǎn)五含有介詞的短語(yǔ)介詞和動(dòng)詞、形容詞和名詞相結(jié)合后,有特（續(xù)表）常見搭配舉例介詞+名詞 on business 出差, in English 用英語(yǔ), by bus 坐公交車, after school 放學(xué)后其他at once 立刻, with ones help 在某人的幫助下, by the way 順便問(wèn)一下, to

16、ones surprise 使某人驚奇的是（續(xù)表）常見搭配舉例介詞+名詞 on business 出差.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1.Just walk down this street and youll see the hospital your left.2.Alan bought a big house a nice garden.3.When is the Art Festival party?Its seven oclock the evening of November 18th.4.The whole family were agreement about what they shou

17、ld do next.onwithat onin.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。onwithat 5.Can you come to my party this evening?Sorry, I cant.I have to prepare my exams.6.Its very kind you to help me with my lessons.7.I borrowed some money my friend to buy a book. 8. April 22nd,people around the world celebrate Earth Day in different ways.9.We

18、lcome to our store. We have skirts all colors $16 each.10.My mother says my friend is similar me, but I think she is different me.foroffromOnin for tofrom5.Can you come to my party th.從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z(yǔ)并用其正確形式填空。in front ofwith the help ofin factin a hurry without doubtthanks toat firstin public in commoni

19、n the middle of11. our government, we can play sports on the new playground next week.Thats for sure! And well have a sports meeting in one month.12.Grace often gets nervous before she gives a speech_.Thanks to in public.從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z(yǔ)并用其正確形式填空。Thanks in front ofwith the help ofin factin a hurry without doubtthanks toat firstin public in commonin the middle of13.Why are you unhappy these days, Julie?I cant see the blackboard because two tall boys sit _ _ _me.14. , the Chinese know about tea culture best.15. , many countries hope to build trade relations with China because of the “B