1、Omission 省略法一、教學(xué)重點： 1. 省略法在英漢互譯中的運用 2. 省略的主要方法技巧二、教學(xué)內(nèi)容：省略法在英漢翻譯中的運用Foreword“它原是洋鬼子，當(dāng)然誰也看不懂，為比較的順眼起見，只能換他的衣裳，卻不該削低它的鼻子，剜掉它的眼睛。我是不主張削鼻剜眼的，所以有些地方，仍然寧可譯得不順口?！? 魯迅此處的“削鼻剜眼”指的是不負責(zé)任的隨意刪減，當(dāng)然不可取。但有時，為了突出原作的中心意義，為了保全整體，為了避免行文拖泥帶水、生硬冗長的毛病，我們需要刪減或者省略個別詞句。Foreword省略法省略是指原文中有些詞在譯文中不譯出來，因為譯文中雖無其詞而已有其意，或者在譯文中是不言而喻的

2、。換言之，省略是刪去一些可有可無的，或者有了反嫌累贅或違背譯文語言習(xí)慣的詞。但省略并不是把原文的某些思想內(nèi)容刪去。- “到底有還是沒有？”- “這個可以有！”- “這個真沒有！”There be 句型的翻譯Warm-up ActivityWarm-up Activity “有” 還是沒“有”？這是個問題！There be 句型在英語中用的比較廣泛。在英語中，表示什么地點或存在什么事物時，常用 “there be + 名詞 + 地點（時間）狀語”的結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的引導(dǎo)詞“there be”本身沒有意義，相當(dāng)于漢語的“有”。但在實際的翻譯過程中，究竟是翻譯出“有”好，還是沒“有”好呢？Warm-

3、up Activity2）譯成無主語（句）的“有”。There is a lamp on the table. 桌上有一盞燈。There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun.天空中有成千上萬像太陽一樣的星星。 Were there any desks and chairs in the room? 屋子里有桌子和椅子嗎？Warm-up Activity2）譯成無主語（句）的“有”。Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。Is there anyone co

4、ming to dinner?有人來吃飯嗎？ There was expected to be more discussion.希望有更多的討論。There are not any perfect conductors.沒有絕對的導(dǎo)體。Warm-up Activity4）譯成沒“有”的其他動詞或省略“有”。There was an English evening party in the hall last night. 昨晚大廳里舉行了英語晚會。There is a typewriter on the table?桌上放著一臺打字機。 There may have been an accid

5、ent ahead.前面可能發(fā)生了事故。There is sure to be some rain tonight.今晚肯定要下雨了。Warm-up Activity4）譯成沒“有”的其他動詞或省略“有” 。There was a girl water-skiing on the lake.一個女孩子在湖上滑冰。 There were no footsteps to be seen.看不見足跡。There is 20 guests going to the movie.二十位客人去看了電影。There runs a river at a distance.一條河從遠處流過。Warm-up Ac

6、tivityNow its your turn!Once there was an old fisherman in a village by the sea. In front of the cave, there is a tall pine tree. There comes the bus. There are enough chairs for every one to sit on. How much money are there in the purse that you lost? There is no getting along with him. Warm-up Act

7、ivity該不該割掉這條尾巴？ 關(guān)于 when 的翻譯英譯漢時，我們通常會用“當(dāng)?shù)臅r候”來翻譯以when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。但在漢語中這個結(jié)構(gòu)用得并不普遍，尤其是在口語中。沒有人會說：當(dāng)我吃飯的時候，他進來了。（He came in when I was having dinner.） 一般我們會說： 他進來那會兒我正在吃飯?；蛘?， 我正吃飯，他進來了。Warm-up ActivityMore examples：Ill call you when I get there.How can they learn anything when they spend all their spare time

8、 watching TV？When the meal was finished, Rachel went out.Warm-up Activity我到那里就給你打電話。他們空閑時間都在看電視, 還能學(xué)什么東西呢?吃完飯，瑞秋就出門了。除了將when化去不譯之外，還需要特別注意的是：以when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句并非都要譯成“當(dāng)?shù)臅r候”，有的時候根本就不能這樣譯。He was about to give up the question when suddenly he found the answer.I went out for a walk when I met him.Warm-up Activ

9、ity他正要放棄這個問題，突然又找到了答案。我出去散步，正好碰見他。He was on the verge of losing his temper with his wife when she uttered a cry.He walked when he might have taken a car.You are safe when you cross the river. Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine. Warm-up Activity他正要對妻子發(fā)脾氣，她忽然大喊了一聲。盡管他可以坐汽車去，

10、他還是走著去了。你一旦過了河，就安全了。如果機器發(fā)生什么故障，就把電源切斷。Omission 省略法一、教學(xué)重點： 1. 省略法在英漢互譯中的運用 2. 省略的主要方法技巧二、教學(xué)內(nèi)容：省略法在英漢翻譯中的運用. Omission in English-Chinese Translation省略法在英漢翻譯中的運用English from its very nature is generally not so brief as Chinese. The Chinese version ought to be shorter than the English version, otherwise

11、 there must be something wrong with the translation, or something implied in the original text which needs to be amplified in the Chinese versions. A necessary and indispensable word in English may be useless, superfluous, and even a stumbling block in Chinese. The English article illustrates this p

12、aradox. How important it is in English, but Chinese has no such part of speech. So many important words in English may well be omitted in Chinese, while other words omitted or understood in English may be supplied or repeated. Keep in mind Shakespeares maxim: Brevity is the soul of wit. . Omission i

13、n English-Chinese Translation省略法在英漢翻譯中的運用1、Omitting the Pronoun 省略代詞He put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders. 他將雙手放進衣袋，然后聳了聳肩。They went to dinner. It was excellent, and the wine was good. Its influence presently had its effect on them. They talked not only without acrimony，b

14、ut even with friendliness. 他們進入餐室用餐。 美酒佳肴，頓受感染 ，言談間不但沒有惡言惡語，甚至還充滿友好之情。2、Omitting the Article 省略冠詞The frequent use of the definite article (the) and indefinite article (a/an) is characteristic of English, therefore they are usually not translated into Chinese. However, there are exceptions. In many c

15、ases they must be translated one way or another. The moon was slowly rising above the sea. 月亮慢慢從海上升起。Any substance is made up of atoms whether it is a solid，a liquid, or a gas. 任何物質(zhì)，不論是固體、液體或氣體都是由原子組成的。. Omission in English-Chinese Translation省略法在英漢翻譯中的運用2、Omitting the Article 省略冠詞注意：1）當(dāng)不定冠詞表示數(shù)量時，不能

16、省略。 He left without saying a word.他一句話都沒說就走了。2）當(dāng)不定冠詞a或an指“每一”時不能省略。 Albert said he was getting a dollar a mile。阿爾伯特說他每英里掙一美元。 3）當(dāng)定冠詞the強調(diào)“這”“那”時，不宜省略。 Please give me the letter you received yesterday. 請把你昨天收到的那封信給我。 . Omission in English-Chinese Translation省略法在英漢翻譯中的運用3、Omitting the Preposition and

17、Prepositional Phrases 省略介詞和介詞短語注意：表示地點的介詞在譯文句首往往可以省略，但放在動詞后面一般不省略。 In July, 1956, Egypt had seized the Suez Canal。 1956年七月，埃及占領(lǐng)了蘇伊士運河 。Rumors had already spread along the streets and lanes. 大街小巷早就傳遍了各種流言蜚語 。She hid behind the door. 她躲在門后。 I stayed in my brothers house. 我住在弟弟家里。. Omission in English-

18、Chinese Translation省略法在英漢翻譯中的運用4、Omitting the Connective 省略連接詞Coordinate and subordinate clauses in Chinese construction are generally arranged in parataxis (意合法), while those in English, in hypotaxis (形合法). In the former, one clause followed another in certain order with few or no lexical connector

19、s, while in the latter there usually must be connectives, coordinating or subordinating, to join the clauses. Keeping in mind this basic difference between the two languages, a translator will find a way to avoid translationese in translation. . Omission in English-Chinese Translation省略法在英漢翻譯中的運用4、O

20、mitting the Connective 省略連接詞If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天來了，春天還會遠嗎？After he packed up his things, he hurried to the station. 他收拾好行裝，急忙奔向車站。 We knew spring was coming as (because) we had seen a robin我們看見了知更鳥，知道春天快要到了. Omission in English-Chinese Translation省略法在英漢翻譯中的運用. Omission in En

21、glish-Chinese Translation省略法在英漢翻譯中的運用4、Omitting the Connective 省略連接詞He spoke so well that everybody was convinced of his innocence.形合:他說得那么好聽,以至每個人都相信他是無辜的。意合:他說得那么好聽,誰都相信他是無辜的。If I had known it, I would not have joined in it.形合: 如果我知道這樣,我就不參加了.意合: 早只如此,我就不參加了.5、Omitting the Verb 省略動詞或分詞When the pre

22、ssure gets low, the boiling point becomes low. 氣壓低，沸點就低。Solids expand and contract as liquids and gases do.如同液體和氣體一樣，固體也膨脹和收縮。 The last few years have seen positive developments in the international political scene, characterized by a spirit of accommodation. 過去幾年，國際政治在和解的精神下有了積極的發(fā)展。 . Omission in E

23、nglish-Chinese Translation省略法在英漢翻譯中的運用5、Omitting the Verb 省略動詞或分詞Hence, television signals have a short range.因此，電視信號的傳送距離很短。 We are happy that you have got well你病好了，我們很高興。 He behaved politely while answering the interviewers questions. 他在回答采訪者的問題時，很有禮貌。. Omission in English-Chinese Translation省略法在英

24、漢翻譯中的運用6、Omitting the Impersonal Pronoun “It”O(jiān)utside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs. 外面一團漆黑，大雨傾盆。It is a shame that you cant come to our party.你不能參加我們的宴會是一件憾事。He made it clear that it was impossible for him to do so.他表明了他不可能這樣做。-Who has leak out the secret?- It must be a big mout

25、h.一定是誰嘴快。 . Omission in English-Chinese Translation省略法在英漢翻譯中的運用6、Omitting the Impersonal Pronoun “It”強調(diào)句型中的“it”It was only then that I began to have doubts whether my story would ever be told.只是在這個時候，我才開始懷疑，我的經(jīng)歷究竟能不能公諸于眾呢？It was with some difficulty that he found the way to his own house.他費了不少勁才找到回家

26、的路。 . Omission in English-Chinese Translation省略法在英漢翻譯中的運用7、Omitting the Noun 省略名詞Perhaps you have overlooked the fact that your account for May purchases has not yet been settled. 也許你忘記了五月份的購貨款還沒有結(jié)算。 8、Omitting the Redundant Words 省略重復(fù)成分The applicants who had worked would receive preference in getti

27、ng the position over those who had not. 有工作經(jīng)驗的人優(yōu)先錄用。Neither party shall cancel the contract without sufficient cause or reason.雙方均不得無故解除合同。. Omission in English-Chinese Translation省略法在英漢翻譯中的運用We have 7 days in a week.Is it a he or a she?This is Brown speaking.There was no snow, the leaves were gone

28、from the trees, and the grass was dead. Men perish, but the man shall endure; lives die but the life is not dead.He has been abroad so long; he feels rather out of it here. He doesnt seem able to find anyone in common with. When we want to move a body of great mass we must apply a great force. Time

29、to PracticeWe have 7 days in a week.Is it a he or a she?This is Brown speaking.There was no snow, but the leaves were gone from the trees, and the grass was dead. Time to Practice一個星期有七天。生的是男孩還是女孩？我是布朗。沒有下雪，但葉落草枯。Men perish, but the man shall endure; lives die but the life is not dead.He has been ab

30、road so long; he feels rather out of it here. He doesnt seem able to find anyone in common with. When we want to move a body of great mass we must apply a great force. Time to Practice人會死而人類永存；壽命有限而生命不絕。他在國外住久了，在這里有點不習(xí)慣，好象跟誰都說不到一塊兒。 要移動質(zhì)量大的物體，就要用大力。翻譯技巧中真正意義上的減詞，并不是簡單的省略。有時犧牲原句中一些次要的部分，使所譯文字簡潔精煉，文風(fēng)流

31、暢自然，從而更加突出原句的主要成分。因此，在翻譯的過程中，我們既要善于保全，也要善于犧牲。一般地說，英譯漢并不隨便刪減，但漢語有其簡潔的特點，如果過分強調(diào)表達一切，把每一個詞都譯出來，反而因為保全了一些次要部分而破壞了整體，因小而失大。有時候，只有敢于犧牲一些不影響原意的詞句，才能更好地突出重點。下面我們來看幾個例句。Appreciation because he used to lend money to people in distress, and would never take any interest for the money he lent.譯文：因為安東尼奧常常借錢給那些有急

32、難的人， 從來不要利息。賞析：翻譯時把 “for the money he lent”整個介詞短語連同它的定語從句略去不譯。但細細對照，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣做并未刪減原意。如果把最后一句譯為“借錢給那些有急難的人，而且從來不要他借出的錢的利息”，反而顯得累贅和多余。 Appreciation William Sidney Porter, who is known under his pen name, O. Henry, is one of the best known writer of America.譯文：威廉悉尼 波特，筆名歐 亨利，是美國最知名的作家之一。賞析：翻譯時刪去了 “who is

33、known”，并不影響原意，如果譯為“以筆名歐亨利聞名于世”，當(dāng)然也不錯，但和下句中“最知名的”文字重疊，意義重復(fù)，還是刪去為佳。Appreciation “Remember: you are not any old Tom, Dick or Harry giving his opinion. Youre a man who was sent as a representative of the British Government.”譯文：你要記住，你不是一個普普通通的老百姓，可以隨便發(fā)表意見。你是英國政府派出的代表。賞析：翻譯時刪去了 “are a man who”，語氣干脆而有力。如果譯

34、為“你是作為英國政府派出的一個代表的人”，反而顯得歐化。AppreciationConclusion Conciseness is important to writing. Any work should be not only impressive but also quickly impressive. A quick impression makes a strong impression. Unnecessary words waste the writers and the readers time, weakening and even spoiling the statemen

35、t. Brevity is secured by cutting excess words. So long as the meaning of the version is accurate and clear, make it brief. This principle holds good not only in composition but in translation as well. Redundancy is often found in students translation exercises, but omission of words at the expense o

36、f meaning should also be avoided. Guess and Translate! (I)flash in the pana good (bad) sailora good mandry (wet) nursesit above/below the saltworth ones saltsleep latedoesnt hold waterFor Funblow hot and colda bull in a china shoppull the stringturn over a new leafon the rocksthe outer manthe inner manthe odd manflash in the pana good (bad) sailora goo