1、2021/8/11 星期三1課標(biāo)人教實(shí)驗(yàn)版 高三 Module 10Unit 42021/8/11 星期三2The Subjunctive Mood Grammar2021/8/11 星期三31. If I were Andy Lou, I would be in Hong Kong now. 2. I wish I were a millionaire.3. We suggest that everyone should help the AIDS patients. When to use the Subjunctive Mood in English?hypotheseswishessu

2、ggestion虛擬語氣The Subjunctive Mood2021/8/11 星期三4 虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式(verb structure), 用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí) (fact)，而只是一種假設(shè)(hypotheses )愿望(wishes)、建議(suggestion) 或懷疑(doubt)等等。The definition of the Subjunctive Mood2021/8/11 星期三51. 虛擬語氣在條件句中 1) “表示不太可能出現(xiàn)的情況”, 條件從句一般用過去時(shí),主句用would do, should do 或 might /could do; 虛

3、擬語氣應(yīng)該注意的幾點(diǎn):2021/8/11 星期三62) 表示“本可能發(fā)生卻未發(fā)生的事情”, 條件從句用過去完成時(shí), 主句用would have done, should have done, might / could have done.2021/8/11 星期三7The old men would find it difficult to get a job if they left the farm.I should be surprised if it was less than five pounds.If I frightened those birds, they might f

4、ly off and I would never see them again.If I were you, I would accept the offer.2021/8/11 星期三8If I were asked to define my mood, Id say “bored”.If he had taken his doctors advice, he might not have died so soon.If he had realized that, he would have run away while there was still time.If she had not

5、 married, she could have become special in the filed.2021/8/11 星期三92. 虛擬語氣在條件句也可用來表示“將來不太可能出現(xiàn)的情況”, 條件從句用 should do, were to do或一般過去時(shí), 主句用 would do, should do, could/might do.2021/8/11 星期三10If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meet would have to be put off.I could see the surface of the moon with m

6、y own eyes if I were to go to the moon some day.What would you do if he failed to come tomorrow?2021/8/11 星期三11注意: 含有 should 的條件句, 主句可以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí). 例如:If there should be another flood, what shall we do?Ask her to leave a message if she should come.2021/8/11 星期三123. 在正式英語文體中, if 從句中的第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞如果是should,

7、were 或 had, 可將此動(dòng)詞置于句首, 替代 if例如：2021/8/11 星期三13Were it all true, it would still not excuse their actions.Had the captain been more careful, his ship would not have sunk.Should any visitors come, I would say you are not here.2021/8/11 星期三144. if only 和 suppose (supposing), 也可以引導(dǎo)虛擬從句If only I had more

8、time, I could go there to help them.Supposing it were fine tomorrow, would you go climbing the mountain with us? 2021/8/11 星期三155. If it were not / had not been for 也是常見的虛擬句型, 意思是“要不是” 例如:If it had not been for your help, we would not have achieved so much in our work. If it were not for the wise de

9、cision, we could not be living a happy life.2021/8/11 星期三166. 虛擬語氣用于I wish的賓語從句中: 表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間, 動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí) (be動(dòng)詞用were /was)。 表示過去時(shí)間, 動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)和過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 表示將來時(shí)間, 動(dòng)詞用 would/ could 等+動(dòng)詞原形。2021/8/11 星期三17I wish I knew how to operate this computer.I wish he werent so lazy.I do wish everything would be as qui

10、et as before.I wish we hadnt been working overtime yesterday.2021/8/11 星期三18注意: 這里I wish 所表達(dá)的意思與 if only差不多。以上的句子都可以用if only 來代替 I wish 例如:If only I knew how to operate this computer.If only we hadnt been working overtime yesterday.2021/8/11 星期三197. Its (about/high) time +從句，表示“該做而未做的事”, 是一種婉轉(zhuǎn)的建議, 從

11、句中的動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)。例如：It is high time we began to work. Weve enjoyed the evening, but its time we went home.Its about time the boy learned to behave himself.2021/8/11 星期三208. 表示“要求、建議、命令” 等動(dòng)詞demand, require, suggest, insist, advise, order 等后接賓語從句時(shí), 從句謂語動(dòng)詞一般用虛擬語氣, 即should + 動(dòng)詞原形 (do/be done), should 也可以省略例如

12、：2021/8/11 星期三21He insisted that John (should) do the job.We suggest that the meeting (should) not be postponed.The union demanded that the wages (should) be raised by 20%.2021/8/11 星期三22常用的這類動(dòng)詞是: ask (要求), advise (建議), command(命令), decide(決定), demand(要求), insist(堅(jiān)持), move(提議), order(命令), propose(提出

13、), require(要求), request(請求), suggest (建議), urge(主張) 如果這些動(dòng)詞不是表示“要求、建議、命令”等意思時(shí), 這時(shí)賓語從句一般不用虛擬語氣。2021/8/11 星期三23例如：He insisted that I was wrong. (這兒 insist 意思是“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”）The expression on her face suggests that she knows the secret. (這兒 suggest 意思是“表明”）2021/8/11 星期三24虛擬語氣在條件句中除了表示與將來、現(xiàn)在及過去事實(shí)相反的情況以外，還需要注意以下幾

14、點(diǎn)： 一、 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句 當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的形式要依據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間來調(diào)整。如： If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you might be well now. 2021/8/11 星期三25 (條件句與過去事實(shí)相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。) 如果你昨天吃了藥, 你的病今天也許就好了。 二、省略if的條件句 如果if條件句中有were，had，should時(shí)，可省略if，把were，had，should放在主語前。這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于書面語中。如：2021/8/11 星期三26 Were it nec

15、essary (= If it were necessary), I might resign 如果需要的話，我可以辭職。 Had you informed me earlier (= If you had informed me earlier), I wouldnt have signed the contract. 要是你早點(diǎn)告訴我的話，我是不會(huì)簽?zāi)欠莺贤摹?2021/8/11 星期三27三、含蓄條件句 有些句子雖不含條件句，但意思和含條件句的句子差不多，這種句子叫含蓄條件句，這種句子中也用虛擬語氣。含蓄條件句的“暗含”之意一般用三種方法來表達(dá)： 1. 條件暗含在短語中。如： With

16、out air, there would be no living things. 沒有空氣，就沒有生命。2021/8/11 星期三28 （條件暗含在介詞短語Without air中） But for your help, I couldnt have made so much progress. 要不是你的幫助，我不可能取得這么大的進(jìn)步。 （條件暗含在介詞短語But for your help中） This same thing, happening in wartime, would result in disaster.2021/8/11 星期三29 同樣的事，如果發(fā)生在戰(zhàn)時(shí)，就會(huì)釀成大

17、禍。 （條件暗含在分詞短語happening in wartime中） 2. 條件暗含在上下文中。如： You might stay here forever. 你可以永遠(yuǎn)待在這兒。 （可能暗含if you wanted to） They would have succeeded.2021/8/11 星期三30 他們本來是會(huì)成功的。 （可能暗含if they had kept trying） 3. 在不少情況下，虛擬式已經(jīng)成為習(xí)慣說法，很難找出其暗含的條件。如： I wouldnt have dreamed of it. 這是我做夢也不會(huì)想到的。 四、省去主句的非真實(shí)條件句 非真實(shí)條件句如果省

18、去主句，通常表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。2021/8/11 星期三31 這種條件句常用if only來引導(dǎo)。如： If only I had known where to find you just now. 剛才我要是知道去哪兒找你就好了。2021/8/11 星期三321. If he had not lost his money, he _ the piano last week. A. would buy B. had bought C. bought D. could have bought2. If we were to be 200 years old, we _ everythin

19、g. A. will change B. can change C. could change D. changedPractise2021/8/11 星期三333. If you _ that film last night, you would not be so sleepy now. A. didnt see B. havent seen C. wouldnt seen D. hadnt seen2021/8/11 星期三344. You are late. If you _ a little minutes earlier, you _ him. A. came, would mee

20、t B. had come, would have met C. came, would have met D. were to come, would meet2021/8/11 星期三355. But for the storm, we _ a pleasant journey. A. should have B. have had C. would have D. should have had 6. _ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I2021

21、/8/11 星期三367. Without the computer, the problem _ in such a short time. A. couldnt be solved B. wouldnt have solved C. couldnt have been solved 2021/8/11 星期三378. Without electricity, human life _ quite different today. A. will be B. were to be C. would be D. is 2021/8/11 星期三389. “You are very selfish. Its high time you _ you are not the most