1、新概念英語2NCEunit16復(fù)習(xí)新概念英語2NCEunit16復(fù)習(xí)句子的結(jié)構(gòu) L1簡單陳述句：陳述一個事實的簡單句。只有一個主語和一個謂語，每個成分都是單詞或短語。陳述一個事實，句末用句號，分為肯定句和否定句。Father gave me a bike. I like you.句子開頭第一個字母要大寫，末尾要有句點、問號或感嘆號。Friday, September 9, 2022by Helen Sun句子的結(jié)構(gòu) L1簡單陳述句：陳述一個事實的簡單句。Monda簡單陳述句的語序主語部分謂語部分主語動詞賓語狀語（通常無強制性）方式地點時間IIThe childrenThe carThe gir

2、lboughtranshouted atstoppedreada hatmeangrily.Suddenly.quietlyhome.in her roomyesterday.all afternoon.Friday, September 9, 2022by Helen Sun簡單陳述句的語序主語部分謂語部分主語動詞賓語狀語（通常無強制簡單陳述句的語序主語一般為名詞、代詞、或名詞短語，通常位于動詞之前。動詞必須與主語一致，所以主語決定動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式（如 I am, you are, he has）賓語一般為名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞或名詞短語。在主動句中，賓語位于動詞之后。一個句子不總需要有賓語。狀語

3、的位置比較靈活。當一個句子中有一種以上的副詞時，地點副詞的一般位置是在方式副詞之后、時間副詞之前。時間狀語可以在句尾，也可以在句首。Friday, September 9, 2022by Helen Sun簡單陳述句的語序主語一般為名詞、代詞、或名詞短語，通常位于動練習(xí)：調(diào)整語序Music I very much like.The news listened to I carefully.Quietly the door he opened.A tree in the corner of the garden he planted.Games played yesterday in their

4、 room the children quietly.The little boy an apple this morning ate greedily in the kitchen.Friday, September 9, 2022by Helen Sun練習(xí)：調(diào)整語序Music I very much like.感嘆句 L2What引導(dǎo)的感嘆句來表示驚奇、憤怒、贊賞、喜悅等感情。構(gòu)成：What + 名詞(包括冠詞和形容詞) + 主語代詞 + 謂語動詞 + !It is a bad day. What a bad day it is!Friday, September 9, 2022by H

5、elen Sun感嘆句 L2What引導(dǎo)的感嘆句來表示驚奇、憤怒、贊賞、喜悅感嘆句練習(xí)It is a tall building.He is a strange guy.This is a wonderful garden.He is causing a lot of trouble!Friday, September 9, 2022by Helen Sun感嘆句練習(xí)It is a tall building.Mon“動詞+雙賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)及其轉(zhuǎn)換雙賓語由直接賓語和間接賓語組成。直接賓語是謂語動詞的承受者，間接賓語表示謂語動作的方向（對誰做）或動作的目標（為誰做），間接賓語緊接在謂語動詞后，但它不

6、能單獨存在。它和直接賓語組成雙賓語。什么時候出現(xiàn)雙賓語A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. (L2)直接賓語： a few words of Italian間接賓語： meFriday, September 9, 2022by Helen Sun“動詞+雙賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)及其轉(zhuǎn)換雙賓語由直接賓語和間接賓語組成?！皠釉~+雙賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)及其轉(zhuǎn)換常用句型為：主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語。如：She gave me a cup of tea. 她給了我一杯茶。有時，間接賓語也可改為由介詞to或for引起的短語，放在直接賓語的后面。如：Sh

7、e gave a cup of tea to me.Friday, September 9, 2022by Helen Sun“動詞+雙賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)及其轉(zhuǎn)換常用句型為：主語+及物動詞+間接雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換的例子He bought me a book. He bought a book for me.Tom left me a message. Tom left a message to me.She cooked us a delicious meal. She cooked a delicious meal for us.Please pass me the salt. Please pass

8、the salt to me.Friday, September 9, 2022by Helen Sun雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換的例子He bought me a book.“動詞+雙賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)及其轉(zhuǎn)換常用的能接雙賓語的及物動詞give, teach, buy, lend, find, hand, leave, sell, show, read, pay, make, offer, build, pass, bring, cook, refuse等。由to連接間接賓語的動詞有：pass, give, show, tell, lend, take等；e.g.: passto. 請把水遞給我。由for連接間

9、接賓語的動詞有：buy, cook, get, sing, make等。e.g.: singfor 為他唱首歌吧。Friday, September 9, 2022by Helen Sun“動詞+雙賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)及其轉(zhuǎn)換常用的能接雙賓語的及物動詞Mon雙賓語的特殊情況1. 當直接賓語是人稱代詞（it/them），就需要在間接賓語之前加介詞to，并把這個帶to的間接賓語放在直接賓語之后。如：Hand it to me, please. 請把它遞給我。（不能說hand me it）2. 當強調(diào)間接賓語時。如：Mother cooks breakfast for us every day. 母親每天都為

10、我們做早飯。3. 當間接賓語比直接賓語長時。如：On the bus, he often gives his seat to an old person. 在公共汽車上，他經(jīng)常把座位讓給老人。Friday, September 9, 2022by Helen Sun雙賓語的特殊情況1. 當直接賓語是人稱代詞（it/them）已學(xué)過的時態(tài)歸納時態(tài)用法動詞形式肯定句否定句一般疑問句及回答特殊疑問句及回答一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在進行時一般過去時現(xiàn)在完成時Friday, September 9, 2022by Helen Sun已學(xué)過的時態(tài)歸納時態(tài)用法動詞形式肯定句否定句一般疑問句及回答時態(tài)用法動詞形式肯定句否

11、定句一般疑問句及回答特殊疑問句及回答一般現(xiàn)在時一般、經(jīng)常、習(xí)慣、真理原形/三單do/doesI doHe doesI dont doHe doesnt doDo you like milk?Yes, I do./No, I dont.What do you like?I like milk.現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在某時正在做某事be+現(xiàn)在分詞am/is/are doingI am doingWe are doingHe isnt doingYou arent doingAre you reading?Yes, I am./No, Im not.What are you doing?Im reading.

12、一般過去時過去某一時間做了某事過去式didI didHe didI didnt doHe didnt doDid you drink milk?Yes, I did./No, I didnt.What did you do?I drank milk.現(xiàn)在完成時過去已經(jīng)完成某事，對現(xiàn)在有影響have/has+現(xiàn)在分詞He has doneYou have doneShe hasnt doneThey havent done.Has he come?Yes, he has./No, he hasnt.What has he done?He has come.Friday, September 9,

13、 2022by Helen Sun時態(tài)用法動詞形式肯定句否定句一般疑問句及回答特殊疑問句及回答一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時可以表示習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常性的動作以及存在的狀態(tài)，往往與頻度副詞連用。Do you often come here?I always go to the library on Friday.構(gòu)成：主語do/does標志詞：often, always, sometimes, never等Friday, September 9, 2022by Helen Sun一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時可以表示習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常性的動作以及存在的狀一般現(xiàn)在時的用法1.表示事物的本質(zhì)特性或客觀存在，沒有時限性。The t

14、able _ soft。（feels) 表特性特征。Japan _ in the east of China。 (locates) 表客觀事實2.現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的行為，可帶頻率時間。The shop closes at 7:30 p.m.Father doesnt smoke. （習(xí)慣）3.表說話時的狀態(tài)，感覺或結(jié)果，一般用狀態(tài)動詞，如：It doesnt matter. Does it hurt? （感覺結(jié)果）Friday, September 9, 2022by Helen Sun一般現(xiàn)在時的用法1.表示事物的本質(zhì)特性或客觀存在，沒有時限性一般現(xiàn)在時的用法特殊用法在條件、時間、讓步從

15、句中用現(xiàn)在時代替將來。If you go there, Ill help you.用在begin, come, go, leave, return, open, close 等短暫謂語動詞表規(guī)定計劃。The plane takes off at 11:30. （不受主觀支配的計劃）在劇本、解說、標題或there(here）開頭的句中表進行There goes the bell/Here comes Mr.Wang.I declare the meeting opens.（正在宣布）He meets the ball and hits back to No.2 （正在發(fā)生）Friday, Sep

16、tember 9, 2022by Helen Sun一般現(xiàn)在時的用法特殊用法在條件、時間、讓步從句中用現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在進行時 L2現(xiàn)在進行時構(gòu)成： 主語be+ doing 標志詞：now, at the momentHe is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia . (L2)現(xiàn)在進行時表示說話時正在進行的動作或正在發(fā)生的事件，往往與now, still等副詞連用。John is still sleeping.Mrs. Smith is cook

17、ing now.現(xiàn)在進行時也用來表示當前（一段時間）的動向：Jack is working hard these days.We are singing together.Friday, September 9, 2022by Helen Sun現(xiàn)在進行時 L2現(xiàn)在進行時構(gòu)成： 主語be+ doing 通常不能用進行時的動詞表示感覺或感情的詞，如：hear, see, smell, taste, feel,(感官動詞） seem, notice, hate, love, like, want, wish, refuse, prefer, forgive等。 表示存在或所屬的詞，如：exist,

18、 stay, remain, obtain, have, own, form, contain等。 表示認識或理解的詞，如：understand, know, remember, forget, believe, think(認為）, doubt等I think that you are a good friend. 這里表示“認為”，是一種常態(tài)，就不要用現(xiàn)在進行時。I am thinking about that where we are. 這里表示“考慮/思考”，是一種短期的動作，就要用進行時。Friday, September 9, 2022by Helen Sun通常不能用進行時的動詞

19、表示感覺或感情的詞，如：hear,一般過去時 L3一般過去時通常表示過去發(fā)生的而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束的事情、動作或情況。它通常指動作何時發(fā)生，而不指動作持續(xù)多久。I went to a park yesterday.構(gòu)成形式：主語動詞過去式標志詞：yesterday, last week, one month ago等某個特定的過去時間。Friday, September 9, 2022by Helen Sun一般過去時 L3一般過去時通常表示過去發(fā)生的而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束的練習(xí)動詞的過去式Work live study stopBegin drive draw feed Speak sell stand

20、bringCan shall will mayCome hear mean letAm is are have hasbuild eat feel find go leave run see take make get buyFriday, September 9, 2022by Helen Sun練習(xí)動詞的過去式Work live study sto規(guī)則動詞的過去式變化1、一般情況下，動詞詞尾加 -ed ，如： work -worked play-played wanted-wanted act-acted 2、以不發(fā)音的 -e 結(jié)尾動詞，動詞詞尾加 -d，如： live-lived mov

21、e-moved taste-tasted hope-hoped 3、以輔音字母 + y結(jié)尾的動詞，把-y變?yōu)?i 再加-ed，如：study-studied copy-copied cry-cried carry-carried 4、以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞，雙寫詞尾輔音字母，再加 -ed，如： stop -stopped Friday, September 9, 2022by Helen Sun規(guī)則動詞的過去式變化1、一般情況下，動詞詞尾加 -ed ，如不規(guī)則動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成 不規(guī)則動詞的過去式變化規(guī)律性不強，須多加記憶。1把動詞原形中的i改為a，變成過去式。如： beginbe

22、gandrinkdrankgivegaveringrangsingsangsitsat swimswam 2把重讀開音節(jié)中的i改為o，變成過去式。如： drivedrove，riderode，writewrote 3改動詞原形中的aw ow為ew，變成過去式。如： drawdrew，growgrew，knowknew，throwthrew（動詞show除外，showshowed） 4動詞原形中的e改為o，變成過去式。如： getgot，forgetforgot 5動詞原形中的ee改為e，變成過去式。如：feedfed，meetmetFriday, September 9, 2022by Hel

23、en Sun不規(guī)則動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成 不規(guī)則動詞的過去式變化規(guī)律性不強，不規(guī)則動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成 6動詞原形中的eep改為ept，變成過去式。如： keepkept，sleepslept，sweepswept 7動詞原形中的eak改為oke，變成過去式。如： breakbroke，speakspoke 8動詞原形中的ell改為old，變成過去式。如：sellsold，telltold 9動詞原形中的an改為oo，變成過去式。如： standstood，understandunderstood10以ought和aught結(jié)尾，且讀音是 :t的過去式。如： bringbrought，buy bou

24、ght，thinkthought，catchcaught，teachtaughtFriday, September 9, 2022by Helen Sun不規(guī)則動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成 6動詞原形中的eep改為ept，不規(guī)則動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成 11以ould結(jié)尾且讀音為ud的情態(tài)動詞過去式。如： cancould，shallshould，willwould 12把動詞原形中的o改為a，變成過去式。如： comecame，becomebecame 13在動詞原形后加d或t變成過去式，并且發(fā)生音變。如： hearhi heardh :d， sayseisaidsed，meanmi:nmeantment1

25、4動詞的過去式與動詞原形一樣。如： letlet，mustmust，putput，readreadred15不符合上述規(guī)律的動詞過去式。如： am/iswas，arewere，buildbuilt，dodid，eatate，fallfell，feelfelt，findfound，flyflew，gowent，have/has had，holdheld，leaveleft，makemade, maymight，runran，seesaw，taketook get got buy bought fly-flewFriday, September 9, 2022by Helen Sun不規(guī)則動詞的過

26、去式的構(gòu)成 11以ould結(jié)尾且讀音為ud過去式“-ed”的發(fā)音規(guī)則 （1）動詞詞尾為“t，d”時，發(fā)/ id /音， want wanted （要）need needed （需要） （2）動詞詞尾為清輔音時，發(fā)/ t / 音。 help helped （幫助）laugh laughed （笑）look looked （看） kiss kissed （吻）wash washed （洗） watch watched （注視）（3）動詞詞尾為t，d以外之濁輔音或元音時，發(fā)/ d /音。 call called （叫）staystayed （停留）crycried （哭）Friday, Septem

27、ber 9, 2022by Helen Sun過去式“-ed”的發(fā)音規(guī)則 （1）動詞詞尾為“t，d”時，發(fā)元 音12個單元音長元音a:i: u:短元音i ue8個雙元音ai eiii e u auu 輔 音10對清輔音p tkfsttrts濁輔音b dgvz3d3drdz3個鼻音mn3個似拼音hrl2個半元音wjFriday, September 9, 2022by Helen Sun元 音12個單元音長元音a:i:現(xiàn)在完成時 L4現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或表示動作從過去已經(jīng)開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，或表示一種經(jīng)歷。它屬于“現(xiàn)在”的范疇，因此不與表示過去的時間連用

28、。構(gòu)成：have/has +過去分詞Friday, September 9, 2022by Helen Sun現(xiàn)在完成時 L4現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響up to now, Mr. Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other. (L6)up to now=up till now =up to present 多數(shù)在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中使用Friday, September 9, 2022by Helen Sunu

29、p to now, Mr. Scott has sent 現(xiàn)在完成時的幾種表達場合表示一件已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事，這事與現(xiàn)在情況有聯(lián)系，?？珊蚸ust, already, yet, recently, ever ，never這類副詞連用。Ive lost my key.He hasnt come back yet.The rain has already stopped.Have you seen Lucy recently?也可和表示從過去某時到現(xiàn)在這段時間的狀語連用,如today, this week, this month, in the past few years, so far, up to

30、 now 。I havent seen him today.Friday, September 9, 2022by Helen Sun現(xiàn)在完成時的幾種表達場合表示一件已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事，這事與現(xiàn)在情況現(xiàn)在完成時的幾種表達場合還常和for 及since 引導(dǎo)的狀語或與How long 連用 I havent seen you for months.也常常單獨使用不需要任何狀語。 She has found a new job.這個時態(tài)還表示 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。 How long has he been ill?Friday, September 9, 2022by Helen Sun現(xiàn)在完成時的幾種表

31、達場合還常和for 及since 引導(dǎo)的狀現(xiàn)在完成時過去分詞構(gòu)成一般的動詞直接加ed 如：work -worked末尾以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞，加d 如：live lived輔音加y結(jié)尾的動詞，變y為i加ed 如：try tried元音加輔音結(jié)尾，該音節(jié)重讀，則雙寫加ed 如：stop stopped不規(guī)則動詞： 如：beatbeaten taketaken havehad begin-begunFriday, September 9, 2022by Helen Sun現(xiàn)在完成時過去分詞構(gòu)成一般的動詞直接加ed 如：wor練習(xí)There _ an eraser under the desk. I

32、s it yours? A. is B. has C. was D. hadKey: AThey _for five hours when they _ in New York.A. flewarrived B. had flownhad arrived C. flewhad arrived D. had flownarrivedKey: DFriday, September 9, 2022by Helen Sun練習(xí)There _ an eraser under 練習(xí) John _ there since the year before, so he _ them.A. had worked

33、knew B. had worked.had known C. workedknew D. workedhad knownKey：ALook, they_ a good time, _ they ?A. havedo B. havedont C. are havingare D. are having arentKey：DFriday, September 9, 2022by Helen Sun練習(xí) John _ there since the 練習(xí)He _ angry because he _ for a long time.A. had gothad waited B. gotwaited C. had gotwaited D. gothad waitedKey： DPaper _ first invented in China. A. is B. are C. was D. wereKey：CThe Greens _ China for five years. A. has been in B. have been in C. went to D. has gone to Ke