1、名詞高考考點 6/6四、有關(guān)名詞的重要考點1. 短文改錯題考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的使用。在高考的短文改錯題型中，幾乎每年都一道涉及名詞單復(fù)數(shù)使用的試題。這類試題本身難度并不大，只是要求考生能根據(jù)句意對名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的使用做出簡單的判斷。不過，在具體做這類題時，考生注意以下幾點是有必要的：一是不可數(shù)名詞通常不能有復(fù)數(shù)形式，也不能連用不定冠詞;二是在通常情況下，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞不能單獨使用，它要么應(yīng)與冠詞、指示代詞、不定代詞等限定詞連用，要么就應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。三是注意名詞本身的單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與它的修飾語保體一致。請看以下幾道典型的高考改錯句：(1) drink some waters from a dream. (wat

2、ers應(yīng)改為單數(shù) water)(2) They have been to Europe many time. (time 應(yīng)改為復(fù)數(shù) times)(3) There are branch library in many villages. (library 應(yīng)改為復(fù)數(shù) libraries)(4) . could come and visit us some times soon. (times應(yīng)改為單數(shù) time)(5) We studies quite a few subject. (subject應(yīng)改為復(fù)數(shù) subjects)(6) We often watch football matc

3、h. (match應(yīng)改為復(fù)數(shù)matches)(7) so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. (subject應(yīng)改為復(fù)數(shù) subjects)(8) On my way up I was taking picture (picture應(yīng)改為復(fù)數(shù) pictures)(9) Good health is persons mot valuable possession. (應(yīng)在 persons 前加 a)(10) There is public library in every town in Britain. (應(yīng)在public library 前加

4、 a)2. 高考對集合名詞的考查。高考考查集合名詞主要涉及其可數(shù)性、單復(fù)數(shù)意義、主謂一致、恰當(dāng)?shù)男揎椪Z等。為了便于理解和記憶，我們將?？技厦~分為以下幾類，并分別簡述其有關(guān)用法特點：(1) family(家庭)，team(隊)，class(班)，audience(聽眾)等，其用法特點為：假設(shè)視為整體，表示單數(shù)意義;假設(shè)考慮其個體成員，表示復(fù)數(shù)意義。比擬：This class consists of 45 pupils. 這個班由45個學(xué)生組成。This class are studying English now. 這個班的學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)英語。(2) cattle(牛，牲畜)，people(人)

5、，police(警察)等，其用法特點為：只有單數(shù)形式, 但卻表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，用作主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù);不與 a(n) 連用，但可與the連用(表示總括意義和特指)。如：People will laugh at you. 人們會笑你的。The police are looking for him. 警察在找他。For these many cattle were killed. 就因為這個原因宰了不少牲畜。注：表示牲畜的頭數(shù)，用單位詞 head(單復(fù)數(shù)同形)。如：three head of cattle 3頭牛，twenty (head of )cattle 20頭牛。(3) goods(貨物), c

6、lothes(衣服)等，其用法特點是：只有復(fù)數(shù)形式(當(dāng)然也表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，用作主語時謂語也用復(fù)數(shù))，但通常不與數(shù)詞連用。如：Such clothes are very expensive. 那樣的衣服很貴。To whom do these goods belong? 這些書是誰的?(4) baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(機器), poetry(詩), scenery(風(fēng)景), jewelry(珠寶)，equipment(設(shè)備)等, 其用法特點為：是不可數(shù)名詞，只用單數(shù)形式，不用不定冠詞 (當(dāng)然更不能用數(shù)詞

7、)，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Our clothing protects us from against the cold. 我們的衣服可以御寒。Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有行李都托運了嗎?特別提醒：machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery 相應(yīng)的個體可數(shù)名詞是 machine, poem, jewel, scene。如：a poem / a piece of poetry 一首詩，many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery 許多機器。(5) 補充說明幾

8、個特殊的集合名詞：hair(頭發(fā)，毛發(fā))：指全部頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時，為集合名詞(不可數(shù));指幾根頭發(fā)或毛發(fā)時，為個體名詞(可數(shù))。如：My hair has grown very long. 我的頭發(fā)已長得很長了。The police found two hairs there. 警察在那兒找到了兩根頭發(fā)。mankind(人類)：是一個不可數(shù)的集合名詞，不用復(fù)數(shù)形式，也不連用冠詞。如：This is an invention that benefits mankind. 這是一項造福人類的創(chuàng)造。Mankind has its own problems. 人類有自己的問題。特別提醒：mankind 表

9、示“人(類)時，雖不可數(shù)，但有時卻可以表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，尤其是當(dāng)其表語是復(fù)數(shù)時。如：Mankind are intelligent animals. 人是理智的動物。fruit(水果)：作為集合名詞，它通常是不可數(shù)的。如：He doesnt not eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果。He is growing fruit in the country. 他在農(nóng)村種水果。但是，當(dāng)要表示種類時，它可視為可數(shù)名詞，即a fruit 指一種水果，fruits 指多種水果。體會：Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚。The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit. 土豆是一種蔬菜，而不是一種水果。3. 根據(jù)上下文的語境選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)拿~。高考對名詞的考查還經(jīng)常涉及這樣一類考題，即要求考生根據(jù)所給句子上下文所暗示的語境選擇一個最恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語，這類題考查的不一定是要求考生辨析同義詞，而是要求考生根據(jù)語境的要求選出一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語，或構(gòu)成固定短語或固定搭配，或使句子語意連貫、邏輯通順。請看兩道高考真題：(1). We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _.A. fact B. reality C. practice D. d