1、Unit 5 First Aid背景導(dǎo)學(xué)Section Learning About Language P72Section Using Language P111Section Expanding Your World P173Section Reading and Thinking P7 It is important to know how to give first aid, particularly in life-threatening situations. Examples of these are choking, excessive（過多的）bleeding, drowni

2、ng, poisoning and the stopping of ones breath or heartbeat. First aid is what a person can do to a wounded or sick person, or on any immediate situation that involves（涉及）life-threatening matters, before the doctor arrives. 背景導(dǎo)學(xué)The aims of first aid are: to keep the person alive(Thiscounts for life-t

3、hreatening and immediate situations.); to stabilize the condition of the person, and lastly, to relieve any pain, discomfort and most importantly, anxiety. Ideally, a first aider is someone who has attended classes on emergency care and has undergone first aid training. But not all of us have the op

4、portunity to receive such training because of our individual work and activities. Almost all of us will have to administer（實(shí)施）emergency assistance at some point. And if so, we would have to use a first aid kit. This is why it is always advised that every home should have a first aid supply, because

5、an emergency knocks on the most unexpected time.1. Which of the following is not the aims of first aid according to the passage?( )A. To keep the person alive.B. To stabilize the condition of the person.C. To relieve any pain, discomfort and anxiety.D. To undergo first aid training.D2. Why should ev

6、ery home have a first aid supply?( )A. Because an emergency can happen unexpectedly at home.B. Because it is important to know how to give first aid.C. Because first aid is what a person can do to a wounded or sick person at home.D. Because not all of us have the opportunity to receive first aid tra

7、ining.AUNIT 5 FIRST AIDSection Reading and Thinking. 課文翻譯教材原文FIRST AID FOR BURNS The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ. Your skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins, and the suns rays. It also helps control your body temperature, 教材譯文燒傷急救處理 皮膚是人體必不可少的一部分，也是人體最大的器

8、官。皮膚是一道屏障, 能阻擋疾病、毒素和太陽光線的侵入。皮膚還有助于控制體溫，續(xù)表教材原文prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns i

9、s giving first aid.教材譯文防止身體流失過多的水分，在外物過熱或過冷時(shí)發(fā)出警告，并使你擁有觸覺?？上攵? 燒傷會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重后果。在處理燒傷時(shí)，第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。 續(xù)表教材原文CAUSES OF BURNS You can get burnt by a variety of things： hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids or other chemicals.教材譯文燒傷的原因 很多東西都會(huì)造成燒傷：灼熱的液體、蒸汽、明火、輻射、太陽光、電流、酸性物質(zhì)或其他化

10、學(xué)品。續(xù)表教材原文TYPES OF BURNS Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage. First-degree burns These affect only the top few millimetres of the skin. These burns are not serious. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.教材譯文燒傷的種類 根據(jù)皮膚損傷

11、的深度，燒傷分為三類。 一度燒傷：僅傷及最上層幾毫米的皮膚。此類燒傷并不嚴(yán)重，如輕度的曬傷和其他輕微家庭事故造成的燒傷。續(xù)表教材原文Second-degree burns These go below the top layer of the skin. They are serious and take a few weeks to get better. Examples include burns caused by hot liquids.教材譯文二度燒傷：傷及最上層皮膚以下的部位。此類燒傷較為嚴(yán)重，需要數(shù)周時(shí)間才能康復(fù)，如灼熱的液體造成的燒傷。續(xù)表教材原文Third-degree b

12、urns These affect every layer of the skin, and sometimes the tissue under it. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes or petrol fires. These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once.教材譯文三度燒傷：傷及每一層皮膚，有時(shí)甚至傷及皮下組織，如因電擊灼傷、衣服著火造成的燒傷

13、, 或汽油起火造成的燒傷。此類燒傷會(huì)引起非常嚴(yán)重的內(nèi)部損傷，傷者必須立即送往醫(yī)院。續(xù)表教材原文CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS First-degree burns dry, red and mildly swollen mildly painful turn white when pressed教材譯文燒傷的特點(diǎn) 一度燒傷 干燥、發(fā)紅、微腫 微痛 受壓時(shí)變白續(xù)表教材原文CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS Second-degree burns red and swollen; blisters; watery surface extremely painful教

14、材譯文燒傷的特點(diǎn) 二度燒傷 發(fā)紅、腫脹；起水皰；表層滲液 極度疼痛續(xù)表教材原文CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS Third-degree burns black and white swollen; the tissue underneath can often be seen little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be painful around the edges of the burn教材譯文燒傷的特點(diǎn) 三度燒傷 皮膚發(fā)黑或變白 腫脹；通?？梢娖は陆M織 如神經(jīng)受損, 則微痛或無痛感；創(chuàng)面邊緣或有痛感續(xù)表教材原文FIRS

15、T-AID TREATMENT1 Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling.2 Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth.教材譯文 急救處理 1 將燒傷部位放在流動(dòng)的冷水下沖洗，尤其在前十分鐘。冷水沖洗可阻止燒傷進(jìn)程，緩解疼痛和腫脹。2 用干凈的布輕輕吸干燒傷部位的水分。續(xù)表教材原文F

16、IRST-AID TREATMENT3 Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. 4 Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.教材譯文 急救處理 3 如有必要,

17、 用剪刀剪掉燒傷部位的衣服, 除非衣服與被燒傷的皮膚粘連在一起。 4 用干凈透氣的布蓋住燒傷部位。在受傷處涂抹油膏不可取，因?yàn)檫@會(huì)阻礙傷口散熱，而且可能引發(fā)感染。續(xù)表教材原文FIRST-AID TREATMENT5 If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe.6 If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once

18、.教材譯文 急救處理 5 如果燒傷部位在臉上，應(yīng)確保傷者仍可呼吸。 6 如果傷者是二度或三度燒傷，必須立刻送往醫(yī)院。. 詞匯拓展 _/mli: mi: t（r）/n. 毫米；千分之一米_/mi: tr/n. 米millimetremetre _/man（r）/adj. 較小的；次要的；輕微的_/manrti/n. 少數(shù)；少數(shù)民族minorminority _/lektrk/adj. 電的；用電的；電動(dòng)的_/ lektrsti/n. 電electricelectricity _/swln/adj. （身體部位）腫起的；腫脹的_/swel/vi. （swelled, swollen）膨脹；腫脹sw

19、ollenswell _/nv/n. 神經(jīng)_/nvs/adj. 神經(jīng)緊張的nervenervous _/lu: s/adj. 松的；未系緊的；寬松的_/lu: sli/adv. 寬松地looseloosely _/dnt/adj. 緊急的；急迫的；急切的_/d/vt. 催促；極力主張；驅(qū)趕urgenturge _/i: z/vi.& vt. （使）寬慰；減輕；緩解 n. 容易；舒適；自在_/i: zi/adj. 容易的easeeasy. 情境詞塊1. _阻止做prevent.from.2. _導(dǎo)致；通向lead to3. _被分成be divided into4. _馬上；立刻at once5

20、. _堅(jiān)持；粘住stick to8. _sense of touch觸覺9. _first aid急救10. _a variety of各種各樣的6. _確信；證實(shí)make sure7. _忍受；遭受suffer from. 情境佳句1. 句型公式as引導(dǎo)的定語從句教材原句As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. 可想而知，燒傷會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重傷害。中文例句我們大家都知道，遵守交通規(guī)則是十分重要的。句式仿寫_, its vital to obey traffic rules.As we all know2

21、. 句型公式現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語教材原句Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage. 根據(jù)皮膚損傷的深度，燒傷分為三類。中文例句出于對(duì)媽媽好意的理解，我滿懷感激地吃著她提供的所有食物。句式仿寫_, I eat all the food that is provided by Mom with appreciation.Understanding her good intentions3. 句型公式if省略結(jié)構(gòu)教材原句Remove any clothes using scissors if ne

22、cessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. 如有必要，用剪刀剪掉燒傷部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服與被燒傷的皮膚粘連在一起。中文例句如果有可能的話，我將親自去那里一趟。句式仿寫_, Ill go there myself.If possible. 文本理解Reading for the main idea.Choose the best answer according to the text.1. The writer writes this passage mainly to_.A. tell us how to

23、 protect ourselves from being burnedB. teach us how to do first aidC. introduce the various degrees of burns to usD. give us some information about first aid for burnsD2. Match the each part with its main idea.Part 1 A. the three types of burnsPart 2 B. what to do if someone gets burnedPart 3 C. the

24、 functions of the skinPart 4 D. the symptoms of burnsPart 5 E. how we get burnedReading for the structure.Fill in the blanks with proper words.FIRST AID FOR BURNSFUNCTIONS OF SKINa barrier against 1._, toxins and the suns rays; helping control your body temperature;2._you when things are too hot or

25、cold; giving you your sense of touchCAUSES OF BURNShot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids or other chemicalsdiseasewarning續(xù)表FIRST AID FOR BURNSTYPES OF BURNSFirst-degree burns: not 3._.Second-degree burns: seriousThird-degree burns：every 4._ of the skin; sometimes the tissu

26、e under itCHARACTERISTICS OF BURNSFirst-degree burns: dry, red and mildly swollen; mildly painful; turn white when 5._Second-degree burns: red and swollen; blisters; watery surface; extremely painfulThird-degree burns: black and white; swollen; little or no 6._seriouslayerpressedpain續(xù)表FIRST AID FOR

27、BURNSFIRST-AID TREATMENTPlace burns under cool 7._Dry the burnt area 8._Remove any clothesCover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. Applying oil to the 9._ is a bad idea.If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still 10._An urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at oncerunning wa

28、tergently with a clean clothinjured areasbreatheReading for the details.Choose the best answer according to the text.1. What is your bodys largest organ?( )A. The head.B. The skin.C. The legs.D. The feet.B2. How many types of burns are there altogether?( )A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.C3. Which is

29、the characteristic first and second-degree burns share?( )A. Being mildly painful.B. Being dry.C. Being red.D. Blisters.C4. Which of the following is NOT the function of the skin according to the text?( )A. It protects you against disease, toxins and the suns rays.B. It helps the heart beat.C. It he

30、lps control your body temperature.D. It gives you your sense of touch.B5. If someone gets burned and his hands get black and white and the tissue underneath can often be seen, it belongs to .( )A. the first degreeB. the second degreeC. the third degreeD. none of the aboveC. 難句突破1. _, _.【分析】是一個(gè)_句，其中現(xiàn)

31、在分詞短語using scissors在句中作_狀語；為省略句，補(bǔ)全后為：_；中unless意為“除非”，在句中引導(dǎo)_從句?！咀g文】_Remove any clothes using scissorsif necessaryunless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin祈使方式if it is necessary條件狀語如有必要，用剪刀剪掉燒傷部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服與被燒傷的皮膚粘連在一起。2. _, _.【分析】中動(dòng)名詞短語在主句中作_；中從屬連詞as在句中引導(dǎo)_從句， and在該從句中連接兩個(gè)并列的謂語動(dòng)詞?！咀g文】_Apply

32、ing oil to the injured areas is a bad ideaas it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection主語原因狀語在受傷處涂抹油膏不可取，因?yàn)檫@會(huì)阻礙傷口散熱，而且可能引發(fā)感染。. 概要寫作Step 1 Question Answering根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容回答下列問題。1. What is the function of the skin?_The skin is an essential part of your body and acts as a barrier against dise

33、ase.2. How many types are burns divided into and what are they?_Burns are divided into three types; first-degree burns, second-degree burns and third-degree burns.3. What can we do with the first-degree burns?_Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes.Dry the burn

34、t area gently with a clean cloth.Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary.Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth.If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe.4. How can we deal with a victim suffering from second or third-degree burns?_We should send him/her to the h

35、ospital at once.Step 2 Sentence Rewriting1. 使用非限制性定語從句改寫第1句。_The skin, which acts as a barrier against disease, is an essential part of your body.2. 使用同位語結(jié)構(gòu)改寫第2句。_Burns are divided into three types-first-degree burns, second-degree burns and third-degree burns.3. 使用總結(jié)性詞匯（common practices）替代第3句中的具體做法

36、。_Some common practices can deal with first-degree burns.4. 使用主從復(fù)合句改寫第4句。_If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, he/she should be taken to the hospital at once.Step 3 Summary Writing1. 將以上句子連成一篇語言流暢、用詞準(zhǔn)確、邏輯嚴(yán)密的文章概要。_The skin, which acts as a barrier against disease, is an essen

37、tial part of your body. Burns are divided into three types-first-degree burns, second-degree burns and third-degree burns. Some common practices can deal with first-degree burns. However, if the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, he/she should be taken to the hospital at once.1.

38、prevent.from.阻止做It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch. 皮膚還有助于控制體溫，防止身體流失過多的水分，在外物過熱或過冷時(shí)發(fā)出警告，并使你擁有觸覺。（教材P50）典例翻譯 Nothing can prevent me from doing what I want to._沒有什么能夠阻

39、止我想做的事。 He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees._他說他們不應(yīng)該被剝奪為學(xué)位而學(xué)習(xí)的權(quán)利。 They were kept from going on holiday by their lack of money._他們因缺錢而不能去度假。歸納拓展阻止做_誤區(qū)警示prevent/stop/keep.from doing.在“stop/prevent/keepfrom doing”中, stop與prevent結(jié)構(gòu)中的from可以省略, “keepfrom doing”中的from不能省略；在被動(dòng)

40、語態(tài)中, 以上短語中的介詞from都不能省略。學(xué)以致用（1） 單句填空 We should prevent the river _ (pollute) further.(from)being polluted Thats the best way you thought of to keep students_getting tired of study.from（2） 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 用被動(dòng)語態(tài)改寫句。_The river should be prevented from being polluted further.2. injury n. （對(duì)軀體的）傷害，損傷As you can imagi

41、ne, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. 可想而知，燒傷會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重傷害。（教材P50）典例翻譯 Be careful, or youll do an injury to yourself._小心，否則你會(huì)傷了你自己。 The injured were sent to the nearest hospital at once._傷員們立刻被送往最近的醫(yī)院。歸納拓展（1）_ = do sb. an injury傷害某人（2）injure vt. 損害；傷害（3）injured adj. 受傷的，委屈的_傷員（代表一類人；謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)

42、數(shù)形式）do an injury to sb.the injured學(xué)以致用（1） 單句填空 What the newspaper reported did_great injury to her fame.a These chemicals come from the _ (injure)parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.injured（2） 完成句子 我聽說她的兒子在事故中受傷了。I heard that_.her son was injured in the accident3. minor adj. 較小的；次要的；輕微的Exampl

43、es include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents. 如輕度的曬傷和其他輕微家庭事故造成的燒傷。（教材P50）典例翻譯 There may be some minor changes to the schedule._時(shí)間安排也許會(huì)有些小小的變動(dòng)。 The/A minority of population in the country lives/live in cities._這個(gè)國家的少數(shù)人口住在城市里。 The women are in the/a minority in the orga

44、nization._婦女在這個(gè)組織中占少數(shù)。歸納拓展（1） 少數(shù)的_a/the minority of（2） minority n. 少數(shù); 少數(shù)民族占少數(shù)_be in the/a minority名師點(diǎn)津the minority單獨(dú)作主語時(shí)，若強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。學(xué)以致用（1） 單句填空 Some_(minor) languages are losing their identities because of the invasion of more popular spoken ones.minority These troubled studen

45、ts are only_a small minority.in（2） 完成句子 這個(gè)問題并不嚴(yán)重, 應(yīng)該很快就會(huì)解決。_, and it should be quickly overcome.The problem is minor4. urgent adj. 緊急的；緊迫的；迫切的If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once. 如果傷者是二度或三度燒傷，必須立刻送往醫(yī)院。（教材P51）典例

46、翻譯 In some countries, there is an urgent need for food and water._在一些國家，急需食物和水。 They urge the importance of safety._他們強(qiáng)調(diào)安全的重要性。 There are a lot of old people waiting there urgently._有很多老人正在那里焦急地等待著。 In case of urgency, call the police._一旦發(fā)生緊急情況，打電話給警察。歸納拓展（1） _v. 力勸；敦促；主張；強(qiáng)烈要求 n. 強(qiáng)烈的愿望urge（2） _adv.

47、緊急地，急迫地urgently（3） _n. 緊迫；急迫；急事；緊要urgency學(xué)以致用選詞填空(urge/urgently/urgent/ urgency) When he was a child, he had an _ to become a film star.urge The doctor has been called to an _ case.urgent She was surprised at the _ in his voice.urgency The money was most _ required.urgently5. ease vi.& vt. （使）寬慰；減輕；

48、緩解 n. 容易；舒適；自在Putting butter or oil on burns helps because it may reduce swelling and ease discomfort. 在燒傷處涂黃油或油有效因?yàn)樗梢詼p輕腫脹和緩解不適。（教材P51）典例翻譯 Walking helped to ease him of his pain._散步幫助減輕了他的痛苦。 She has an ability to put/set people at ease._她有能力讓人們感到不拘束。 Now he can set his mind at ease because he has

49、 passed the examination with ease._現(xiàn)在他可以放心了，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)輕松地通過了考試。歸納拓展（1） 使某人消除/減輕_ease sb. of.（2） 使某人感到舒適、不拘束_舒適；快活；自由自在_容易地_put/set sb. at easeat easewith ease學(xué)以致用（1） 單句填空 At first, he didnt feel _ ease in the strange surroundings but later he adapted to it.at We live in an age when more information is av

50、ailable _ greater ease than ever before.with（2） 完成句子 這種音樂有助于減輕他的痛苦。This kind of music _.helps ease him of his pain1. as引導(dǎo)的定語從句As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. 可想而知，燒傷會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重傷害。（教材P50）典例翻譯 As we all know( = As is known to all), walking every day does good to our heal

51、th._大家都知道，每天散步對(duì)我們的健康有好處。 She is late, as is often the case._她遲到了，這是經(jīng)常的事。 As is mentioned above, the number of the people who exercise in the morning, is increasing._正如上面提到的，晨練的人數(shù)在增加。歸納拓展（1） 眾所周知_as is known to all/as we all know（2） 這是常有的事_as is often the case（3） 正如上面所提到的_as is mentioned above學(xué)以致用完成句

52、子 _, friendship always comes first.我們都知道，友誼總是第一位的。As we all know/As is known to all The hall,_, becomes very crowded.大廳里變得非常擁擠，情況常常如此。as is often the case _, where there is a will, there is a way.如上所述，有志者事竟成。As is mentioned above2. if省略結(jié)構(gòu)Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see

53、 the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. 如有必要，用剪刀剪掉燒傷部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服與被燒傷的皮膚粘連在一起。（教材P51）典例翻譯 Id like to help you find a proper host family nearby the university if necessary. _如果有必要的話，我想幫助你在大學(xué)附近找到一個(gè)合適的寄宿家庭。 If so, it is time for you to think again. _如果這樣的話，你需要再考慮一下了。 I think theres a train at midday. I

54、f not, youll have to wait till 12：30. _我想正午會(huì)有一班火車。要是沒有，你只好等到12點(diǎn)半了。 I hope you could appreciate that I must spare no effort to do well in my final exam if possible. _如果可能的話我希望你能理解，我必須不遺余力地在期末考試當(dāng)中考好。歸納拓展（1） 如果是這樣的話 _if so（2） 如果不是這樣的話 _if not（3） 如果有可能_if possible（4）if ever如果有過/發(fā)生過的話（5）if any如果有的話學(xué)以致用完成

55、句子 Do you agree that I will put off our visit to Yunnan? _, write back to tell me about it as soon as possible.你贊同我推遲我們?nèi)ピ颇系穆眯袉幔咳绻澩? 請(qǐng)盡快寫信告訴我。If so Theclimatehereisquitepleasant, thetemperaturerarely, _ , reaching 30 in summer.這里的氣候宜人, 在夏季溫度如果曾經(jīng)有過也極少達(dá)到30攝氏度。if ever I might see you tomorrow._, then i

56、tll be Saturday.我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天，那就在周六。If not Walk around every hour or so, _.如果可能，每隔大約一個(gè)小時(shí)都走動(dòng)走動(dòng)。if possibleUNIT 5 FIRST AIDSection Learning About Language（復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞-ing 形式）1. （教材P50）It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too h

57、ot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch.2. （教材P50）As you can imagine,getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. 3. （教材P50）The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.4. （教材P51）Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minute

58、s.5. （教材P51）Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.觀察上面句子，并分別寫出句中動(dòng)詞-ing形式的語法功能：句1中的v.-ing形式在句中作 _ ；句2中的v.-ing形式在句中作賓語_ ；句3中的v.-ing形式在句中作 _ ；句4中的v.-ing形式在句中作 _ ；句5中的v.-ing形式在句中作_ 。主語表語定語狀語. v.-ing形式的構(gòu)成一般式完成式主動(dòng)式doinghaving done被動(dòng)式being done

59、having been done. v.-ing形式的功能1. v.-ing形式作主語（1）v.-ing形式作主語時(shí)，通常表示一般的或抽象的多次行為。（2020全國卷）Returning to a book youve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. 重新讀一本你讀了很多遍的書，感覺就像和老朋友一起喝酒一樣。（2）有時(shí)為了避免句子主語過于冗長，通常用it代替v.-ing作形式主語。Its no use advising him. 勸他沒用。2. v.-ing形式作賓語（1）能接v.-ing形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有adv

60、ise, avoid, appreciate, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, finish, forget, keep, imagine, stop, mind, miss, mention, practise, begin, start, like, hate, remember, regret, require, resist, suggest等。Stop comparing yourself with others.（2020全國卷）不要拿你自己和別人比較。The master keeps thinking about it