1、 Unit 2 Yin and YangTan Yingying ContentsWarm-up questions1Text analysis2notes3exercises4 1. What is yin-yang theory based on? 2What can yin and yang be used to explain? 3What is the literal meaning of yin and yang? 4How do yin and yang transform into each other? 5How can yin and yang be further div

2、ided within a yin or yang category, give examples?Warm-up questionsYin and Yangldefinition of yin and yang theoryExample:易傳易傳曰：一陽一陰謂之道（道代表宇曰：一陽一陰謂之道（道代表宇宙中對立統(tǒng)一的基本規(guī)律宙中對立統(tǒng)一的基本規(guī)律 ）。）。Yi Zhuan says, Yin and yang are what is called Dao, (Dao means the basic law of the unity of opposites in the universe).

3、Characteristics of Yin and Yangdynamic, bright, hot, functional, etc. Yang static, dark, cold, substantial, etc. .YinThe basic content of yin-yang theoryThe basic content of yin-yang theoryTEXTTEXTTEXTOpposition of yin and yangInterdepen-dence between yin and yang Waning and waxing of yin and yang T

4、ransforma-tion of yin and yang States from ClassicsStates from Classics 素問素問曰：陰陽者，天地之道也，萬物曰：陰陽者，天地之道也，萬物之綱紀(jì)，變化之父母，生殺之本始。之綱紀(jì)，變化之父母，生殺之本始。 Su Wen says: yin and yang are the law of heaven and earth, the principles of all things, the parents of all changes, the origin of life and death. 素問素問曰：曰：“陰勝則陽病，陽

5、勝則陰病陰勝則陽病，陽勝則陰病” As is stated in Su Wen , Yin in excess causes yang disease, while yang in excess leades to yin disease.States from ClassicsStates from Classics 內(nèi)經(jīng)內(nèi)經(jīng)曰：陰在內(nèi)，陽之守也；陽在外，曰：陰在內(nèi)，陽之守也；陽在外，陰之使也。陰之使也。 Neijing says: Yin in the interior is the basis for yang; while yang in the exterior is the act

6、ivity for yin. 獨(dú)陽則陰無以化，獨(dú)陰則陽無以生獨(dú)陽則陰無以化，獨(dú)陰則陽無以生 solitary yin or yang fails to live States from ClassicsStates from Classics 素問素問曰：重陰必陽，重陽必陰。曰：重陰必陽，重陽必陰。寒極生熱，熱極生寒。寒極生熱，熱極生寒。 Su Wen states: Extreme yin gives rise to yang, while extreme yang gives rise to yin. Extreme cold brings on heat, while extreme h

7、eat brings on cold. The application of the Yin-Yang theory l . Explaining the Tissues and Structure of the Human Body 2. Explaining the Physiological Functions of the Human Body 3. Explaining the Pathological Changes 4. Serving as the Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment Explaining the Tissues and Struc

8、ture of the Human Body Yangthe lower part of the bodyYinthe interiorthe abdomenthe upper part of the bodythe exteriorthe back* In terms of the anatomical locationsExplaining the Tissues and Structure of the Human Body Yang the zang-the zang-organsorgans Yin yin meridians and yin meridians and Yin Co

9、llateralsYin Collaterals the fu-the fu-organsorgans yang meridians and yang meridians and Yang CollateralsYang Collaterals* Concerning the zang-fu organsConcerning the zang-fu organs Concerning the meridian-collateral systemConcerning the meridian-collateral system Explaining the Tissues and Structu

10、re of the Human BodyExplaining the Tissues and Structure of the Human Body Example:Example: 素問素問說：人生有形，不離陰陽。說：人生有形，不離陰陽。 Su wen states: Man, having a form, can not deviate from yin and yang. Explaining the Physiological Functions of the Human BodyExplaining the Physiological Functions of the Human B

11、ody Example:Example: 以功能和物質(zhì)的關(guān)系為例，功能屬陽以功能和物質(zhì)的關(guān)系為例，功能屬陽，物質(zhì)屬陰，物質(zhì)屬陰 Take the relationship between function and matter for example, function pertains to yang while matter, to yin. Explaining the Physiological Functions of the Human BodyExplaining the Physiological Functions of the Human Body 素問曰：陰平陽秘，精神乃

12、治；陰陽離決，精氣乃絕。 Su Wen says: The equilibrium of yin and yang makes the vitality well-conserved; the divorce of yin and yang essence-qi exhausted. Su Wen says: “ Only when yin is at peace and yang is compact can essence-spirit be normal; if yin and yang separate from each other, essential qi will be exh

13、austed” Explaining the Pathological Changes Example:Example: 陽盛則熱，陰盛則寒；陽虛則寒，陰虛則熱；陽損及陰，陰陽盛則熱，陰盛則寒；陽虛則寒，陰虛則熱；陽損及陰，陰損及陽損及陽 yang excess leads to heat syndrome while yin excess causes cold syndrome; yang deficiency results in cold syndrome while yin deficiency causes heat syndromes; yang deficiency affec

14、ts yin while yin deficiency affects yang. Serving as the Guide to Diagnosis and TreatmentServing as the Guide to Diagnosis and Treatmentherbs with herbs with cold cold nature: yinnature: yinherbs with herbs with warm and warm and hot nature hot nature : yang: yangmedicinal naturemedicinal natureherb

15、s that are herbs that are sour, bitter sour, bitter and salty: yinand salty: yinHerbs that are Herbs that are acrid, sweet acrid, sweet and bland: and bland: yangyangherbs with herbs with astringent, astringent, descending descending and sinking and sinking actions: yinactions: yinHerbs with Herbs w

16、ith dispersing, dispersing, ascending and ascending and floating floating actions: yangactions: yangthe flavorsthe flavorsactionsactions Serving as the Guide to Diagnosis and TreatmentServing as the Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment examples: examples: 陽為氣，陰為味陽為氣，陰為味Yang pertaining to qi and yin to f

17、lavorYang pertaining to qi and yin to flavor 辛甘發(fā)散為陽辛甘發(fā)散為陽Pungent and sweet with dispersing effect Pungent and sweet with dispersing effect pertaining to yangpertaining to yang Examples: Examples: 酸苦涌泄為陰酸苦涌泄為陰 Sour and bitter with emetic and purgative effective Sour and bitter with emetic and purgati

18、ve effective pertaining to yinpertaining to yin 淡味滲泄為陽淡味滲泄為陽 Bland taste with dampness excreting and diuretic Bland taste with dampness excreting and diuretic effects pertaining to yangeffects pertaining to yang Serving as the Guide to Diagnosis and TreatmentServing as the Guide to Diagnosis and Tre

19、atment Examples: 善醫(yī)者，必先察色按脈，以別陰陽善醫(yī)者，必先察色按脈，以別陰陽 A skilled diagnostician, first of all, differentiates between yin and yang when observing the complexion and feeling the pulse. 實(shí)者泄之實(shí)者泄之 treating excess syndromes with the purgation Serving as the Guide to Diagnosis and TreatmentServing as the Guide to

20、 Diagnosis and Treatment Examples: Examples: 益火之源，以消陰翳益火之源，以消陰翳 ( (陰病治陽陰病治陽 ) ) restraining predominant yin by reinforcing yang (treating yang for yin diseases ) 壯水之主，以制陽光壯水之主，以制陽光( (陽病治陰陽病治陰 ) ) restraining predominant yang by strengthening (renal腎腎) yin (treating yin for yang diseases. )Special phrases “治法證名治法證名”“者者之之” treating.with. 實(shí)者泄之實(shí)者泄之 treating excess syndrome with purgation purging excess 虛者補(bǔ)之虛者補(bǔ)之 treating deficiency syndrome with invigoration， （or invigorating deficiency）Special phrases 寒者熱之寒者熱之 treating cold syndrom