1、 松江區(qū)2017學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期期中質(zhì)量監(jiān)控試卷高三英語II. Grammar and VocabularySection AAunt Jane is now well over seventy, but she is still a great cinema-goer. The cinema in our town closed down years ago and sometimes she has to travel twenty miles or more to see a good film. And once a month at least she goes up to Londo

2、n to see (21)_ (late) foreign films. Of course she could see most of these films on television, but the idea does not attract her. “It isnt the same,” she says. “For one thing, the screens too small. Besides, I like going to the cinema!”However, one thing which has always puzzled us is that (22)_ Au

3、nt Jane has lots of friends and enjoys company, she always goes to the cinema alone. We discovered the reason for this only recentlyfrom Mother. “It may surprise you to learn that Aunt Jane wanted to be an actress when she was young,” she told us. “She used to wait outside film studios all day, just

4、 (23)_ (appear) in crowd scenes. Your aunt has probably appeared in dozens of films. Sometimes she did not even know the name of the film they (24)_ (make). Therefore, she couldnt go to see (25)_ in the film at the cinema!”“All the time, of course, she was looking for a small part in a film. Her big

5、 chance came (26)_ they started to make a film in our town. Jane managed to meet the director at a party and he offered her (27)_ role as a shopkeeper. It really was a very small part, but it was an important moment for Jane. Before the great event, she rehearsed for days. In fact, she turned the si

6、tting-room into a shop! We all had to help, going to and out of the shop (28)_ she could remember her words perfectly. And (29)_ the actual day she was marvelous. Jane thought that this was the beginning of her film career!”“Unfortunately, in the end, they did not include the shop scene in the film.

7、 But nobody told Jane! When the film first appeared in London, she took all her friends to see it. And of course she wasnt in it! It was a terrible blow! She stopped (30)_ (go) to film studios and gave up the idea of becoming an actress. She still loves the cinema, as you all know, but from that day

8、 she has always gone alone!”Section BA. parallel B. curves C. dutifully D. guard E. transformingF. proceeding G. studies H. perfect I. intensely J. move K. randomizesWhether youre trying to be good at Photoshop, or step up your tennis game, or master a banjo(班卓琴) song, youre probably _31_ following

9、the age-old advice that practice makes perfect. However, contrary to popular belief, doing the same thing over and over again might not be the most efficient way to learn foreign concepts.Traditionally, were taught using the “blocking” strategy. This instructs us to go over a single idea again and a

10、gain until weve mastered it, before _32_ to the next concept. But several new neurological(神經(jīng)學(xué)的) _33_ show that an up and coming learning method called “interleaving” improves our ability to keep and perform new skills over any traditional means by leaps and bounds.What interleaving does is to space

11、 out learning over a longer period of time, and it _34_ the information we encounter when learning a new skill. So, for example, instead of learning one banjo chord at a time until you _35_ it, you train in several at once and in shorter bursts.One of the practical ways you can use interleaving to t

12、rain your brain to pick up new skills quickly and effectively is to practice multiple _36_ skills at once.Whether youre trying to improve your motor skills or cognitive(認(rèn)知的) learning abilities, the key to _37_ how your brain processes new information is to break out of the habit of learning one part

13、 of a skill at a time. The advantage of this method is that your brain doesnt get comfortable or store information in your short-term memory. Instead, interleaving causes your brain to _38_ focus and problem-solve every step of the way, resulting in information getting stored in your long-term memor

14、y instead.Interleaving doesnt cut any corners, so your brain is always on _39_. Think of the difference between blocking and interleaving like a boxer who practices one _40_ over and over again versus a boxer who practices by sparring in the ring. In the ring, you have to be ready for anything. It m

15、akes you faster and sharper.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ASince 1960, considerable scientific researches have been done on chimps in their natural habitats. Astonishingly, scientists have found out that the social _41_ of Chimps are very similar to humans. Chimps will _42_ in certain ways, like

16、 gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct to _43_ one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly _44_ to share food with their children. Who are able from a young age t

17、o gather their own food?In the laboratory, chimps dont _45_ share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull _46_ -he just doesnt care whether hi

18、s neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.Human children, _47_, are extremely cooperative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this _48_ in a series of experim

19、ents with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see a worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally _49_ in young children.

20、 One is that these _50_ appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave _51_. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence _52_ in children before their general cognitive

21、skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the _53_ world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.The core of what childrens minds have and chimps dont is what Tomasello calls shared in

22、tentionality. Part of this ability is that they can _54_ what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a(n) _55_ goal.41.A. structuresB. policiesC. behavior

23、sD. responsibilities42.A. conflictB. cooperateC. offendD. negotiate43.A. trustB. contactC. isolateD. help44.A. declineB. manageC. attemptD. oblige45.A. curiouslyB. reluctantlyC. naturallyD. carelessly46.A. in turnB. at randomC. with careD. in advance47.A. all in allB. as a resultC. in no caseD. on t

24、he other hand48.A. cooperativenessB. availabilityC. interrelationshipD. attractiveness49.A. cultivatedB. motivatedC. possessedD. stimulated50.A. attitudesB. instinctsC. experiencesD. coincidences51.A. creativelyB. formallyC. sociallyD. competitively52.A. developsB. decreasesC. changesD. disappears53

25、.A. abstractB. invisibleC. imaginaryD. physical54.A. inferB. adaptC. absorbD. balance55.A. realisticB. sharedC. specificD. ambitiousSection B(A)If a driver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen(氮) dissolved in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The conseq

26、uence, if the bubbles accumulate(累積) in a joint, is sharp pain and a bent bodythus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death.Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression(減壓) sickness if they surface too fast: whales, for example. And so, long

27、 ago, did ichthyosaurs. That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil bones that have

28、caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adap

29、ted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the worlds natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.When he started, he assumed that signs of th

30、e bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen

31、 (標(biāo)本) showed evidence of that sort of injury.If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quicklyand, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr. Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.Whal

32、es that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食性動物) such as a large shark. One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. Triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully sh

33、ark and crocodile-free. In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey (獵物) as well as predatorand often had to make a speedy exit as a result.56.Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?A. A twisted body.B. A gradual de

34、crease in blood supply.C. A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.D. A drop in blood pressure.57.The purpose of Rothschilds study is to see _.A. how often ichthyosaurs caught the bendsB. how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompressionC. why ichthyosaurs bent their bodiesD. when ichthyosaurs broke their bone

35、s58.Rothschilds finding stated in Paragraph 4 _.A. confirmed his assumptionB. speeded up his research processC. disagreed with his assumptionD. changed his research objectives59.Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs _.A. failed to evolve an anti-decompression meansB. gradually developed

36、measures against the bendsC. died out because of large sharks and crocodilesD. evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost it(B)How ever wealthy we may be, we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want. Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity c

37、ost, which simply refers to whether someones time or money could be better spent on something else.Every hour of our time has a value. For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another, or be sleeping or watching a film. Each of these options has a different opportunity costna

38、mely, what they cost us in missed opportunities.Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium. Why not, you might reason, watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with fr

39、iends? Thisthe alternative use of your cash and timeis the opportunity cost.For economists, every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgoin terms of money and enjoymentin order to take it up. By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on, you ought to be ab

40、le to make better-informed, more reasonable decisions. Consider that most famous economic rule of all: theres no such thing as a free lunch. Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free, the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities

41、.Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging: imagine spending your entire life calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or enjoyable. Yet, in a sense its human nature to do precisely that we assess the advantages and disa

42、dvantages of decisions all the time.In the business world, a popular phrase is “value for money.” People want their cash to go as far as possible. However, another is fast obtaining an advantage: “value for time.” The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to somet

43、hing, so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time. By reading this passage you are giving over a bit of your time which could be spent doing other activities, such as sleeping and eating. In return, however, this passage will help you to think like an economist, closely consid

44、ering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions.60.According to the passage, the concept of “opportunity cost” is applied to _.A. making more moneyB. taking more opportunitiesC. reducing missed opportunitiesD. weighing the choice of opportunities61.The “l(fā)eftover money and time” in Paragraph 3 p

45、robably refers to the time _.A. spared for watching the match at homeB. taken to have dinner with friendsC. spent on the way to and from the matchD. saved from not going to watch the match62.What are forgone opportunities?A. Opportunities you forget in decision-making.B. Opportunities you give up fo

46、r better ones.C. Opportunities you miss accidentally.D. Opportunities you make up for.(C)Of all the components of a good nights sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud stated his re

47、volutionary theory that dreams were the disguised(偽裝的) shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise”the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams a

48、re part of the minds emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line”. And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only influenced but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “Its your dream”, says Rosa

49、lind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicagos Medical Center, “If you dont like it, change it”.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwrights clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, sug

50、gesting that they are working through negative feelings generated(產(chǎn)生) during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we dont always think about the emotional significance of the days eventsuntil, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscio

51、us. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over repeated bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people

52、 can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, theres probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping of “we wake up in a panic”, Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased

53、 peoples anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleepor rather dreamon it and youll feel better in the morning.63.By saying that “dreams are part of the minds emotional thermos

54、tat” in paragraph 1, the researchers mean that _.A. dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stableB. dreams can be brought under conscious controlC. dreams represent our unconscious desires and fearsD. we can think logically in the dreams too64.The negative feelings generated during the day t

55、end to _.A. become worse in our unconscious mindB. develop into happy dreamsC. persist till the time we fall asleepD. show up in dreams early at night65.Cartwright believed with much practice, we can learn to _.A. control what dreams to dreamB. sleep well without any dreamsC. wake up in time to stop

56、 the bad dreamsD. identify what is upsetting about the dreams66.Cartwright might advise those who sometimes have bad dreams to _.A. lead their life as usualB. seek professional helpC. exercise conscious controlD. avoid anxiety in the daytimeSection CA. The rhythm of life is a slight beat.B. Experts

57、say every aspect of human bodies is influenced by daily rhythms.C. Jenny Hope claims to have tested her body clocks to the limit.D. This is a key reason why shift work can cause so many problems.E. Many people study the state of their bio-rhythms before making their daily plans.F. Such a dangerous combination never gave their bodies natural rhythms a chance to settle down.Rhythm of LifeChoosing the right time to sleep, the correct moment to make decisions, the best hour to eat-and even go into hos