1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專(zhuān)題二十 詞匯運(yùn)用易錯(cuò)清單一、 考點(diǎn)分析詞匯運(yùn)用試題主要是考查學(xué)生對(duì)單詞的拼寫(xiě)能力、詞形變化和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)運(yùn)用以及詞組辨別能力等。試題通常以語(yǔ)篇、對(duì)話或句子的形式出現(xiàn),測(cè)試內(nèi)容以實(shí)詞為主,虛詞很少。這一題型中所給的詞幾乎覆蓋了所有的詞性,比如名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、量詞、代詞、副詞等。填空時(shí)要考慮名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞;形容詞、副詞的比較等級(jí);數(shù)詞的基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞等。測(cè)試題型可以歸為兩大類(lèi):單詞拼寫(xiě)和詞形填空。其中單詞拼寫(xiě)一般有兩種題型:根據(jù)句意及首字母提示填寫(xiě)所缺單詞;根據(jù)句意及漢語(yǔ)提示填寫(xiě)所缺單詞。詞形填空也包括兩種題型:用所給詞的適當(dāng)

2、形式填空;選詞并用其適當(dāng)形式填空。二、 構(gòu)詞法英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞方法主要有三種:即合成、派生和轉(zhuǎn)化。(一)轉(zhuǎn)化英語(yǔ)單詞的詞性非?；钴S,名詞用作動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞,形容詞用作動(dòng)詞等現(xiàn)象非常普遍,這種把一種詞性用作另一種詞性的方式就叫做詞性的轉(zhuǎn)化。閱讀中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)化詞,只要抓住單詞的原始意思,結(jié)合句子成分,就容易弄清它們的引申義。1. 動(dòng)詞和名詞之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化。有時(shí)意思變化不大,有時(shí)有一定的變化。1)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞。如:Shall we go out for a drive next Sunday? 下個(gè)星期天咱們出去驅(qū)車(chē)旅行,好嗎?句中的drive由動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞(詞意引申為“驅(qū)車(chē)旅行”)。如:I of

3、ten go there for a walk. 我經(jīng)常去那里散步。(句中walk由動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞)2)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞。如:Have you booked your ticket? 你的票訂好了嗎?(句中book由名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞,詞意引申為“訂購(gòu)”)Hand me your knife, please. 請(qǐng)把你的刀子遞給我。(句中hand由名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞,詞意引申為“傳遞”)2. 少部分形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞。如:The train slowed down to half its speed. 火車(chē)速度減慢了一半。(句中slow由形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞,詞意引申為“減速”)Don't dirty

4、your clothes. 別把你的衣服弄臟了。(句中dirty由形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞,詞意引申為“弄臟”)3. 形容詞和名詞之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化。如:The poor were not allowed to go into this park those days. 那個(gè)時(shí)候,窮人是不允許進(jìn)入這個(gè)公園的。(句中poor由形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞,詞意引申為“窮人”)They took the sick to hospital yesterday. 昨天他們把那個(gè)病人送進(jìn)了醫(yī)院。(句中sick由形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞,詞意引申為“病人”)4. 有些詞可以詞形不變,只因重音變化而發(fā)生詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)化,有時(shí)詞義也可能變化。如:r

5、ecord rekd v. 記錄record rkd n. 記錄5. 有些詞詞形不變,只因詞尾的清濁音變化而發(fā)生詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)化,有時(shí)詞形也可以變化。如:excuse kskjuz v. 原諒excuse kskjus n. 原諒use juz v. 用use jus n. 用(二)派生派生詞是在一個(gè)單詞前面加前綴或后面加后綴構(gòu)成新詞。如:happyunhappy(加前綴un-)happyhappily(加后綴-ly)1. 通過(guò)加前綴構(gòu)成另一個(gè)詞。前綴一般不造成詞類(lèi)的轉(zhuǎn)換,但能引起詞義的變化。前綴中有相當(dāng)一部分可構(gòu)成反義詞。常用的前綴有:前綴意義例詞dis- 不,相反的dislike, disappe

6、ar, dishonestim- 不impossible, impolitemis- 錯(cuò)誤的misuse, misunderstand, mistrustre- 重新,再次rewrite, retellsuper- 超級(jí),上層supermarket, supermantele- 遠(yuǎn)telephone, telegram, televisionun- 不unfair, unusual, unable, unlikeunder-下面的underground, undergraduate個(gè)別前綴也可以引起詞類(lèi)的變化,如:en-可以和名詞或形容詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞:enlarge, enable, encour

7、age; a-可以和名詞構(gòu)成形容詞:asleep, aboard, aside; out-可以和一些動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成名詞:outcome, outlet, outlook。2. 通過(guò)加后綴構(gòu)成另一個(gè)詞。后綴不僅能改變?cè)~義,也能改變?cè)~類(lèi)。1)常用的構(gòu)成名詞的后綴:后綴意義例詞-er 人,動(dòng)作者worker, singer, recorder, teacher-or 人,動(dòng)作者actor, visitor, editor-ist 人,主義者chemist, dentist, scientist,-ess 女性actress, waitress-hood身份,狀態(tài)childhood, boyhood-men

8、t 行為,動(dòng)作,結(jié)果government, movement, development-ness 狀態(tài),性質(zhì)illness, happiness-ion 動(dòng)作,狀態(tài)discussion, decision, organization-th 狀態(tài)length, wealth, truth-ese 人Japanese, Chinese-ian 人American, musician, historian-ship 狀態(tài)friendship, membership2)常用的構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞的后綴:后綴意義例詞-en 動(dòng)詞詞尾widen, strengthen, darken,-fy動(dòng)詞詞尾beautify3

9、)常用的構(gòu)成副詞的后綴:后綴意義例詞-ly 副詞詞尾slowly, happily, simply-ward(s)副詞詞尾eastward(s), backward(s)4)常用的構(gòu)成形容詞的后綴:后綴意義例詞-able的agreeable, payable, readable-an 的European, American, Canadian-al 的political, musical-en 由制成woolen, golden-ed的blue-eyed-ful 充滿的careful, painful, hopeful-ish 的foolish, Swedish-less 沒(méi)有的careles

10、s, homeless, endless-ly 充滿,性質(zhì)friendly, lovely, motherly-ous 有的famous, dangerous-y 充滿,性質(zhì)rainy, dirty, sunny, cloudy, sleepy3. 數(shù)詞后綴后綴意義例詞-teen十幾thirteen; fifteen; eighteen-ty幾十forty; fifty; ninety-th第fifth; sixth; eighth(三)合成將兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單詞合成在一起而構(gòu)成的新詞,叫做合成詞。合成詞在英語(yǔ)中比較活躍,廣泛運(yùn)用在涉及各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的語(yǔ)言文字中。常用的合成詞的構(gòu)成方法如下:1. 合

11、成形容詞常見(jiàn)的構(gòu)成方法構(gòu)成方法例詞形容詞 + 名詞 + -edwhite-haired, warm-hearted, kind-hearted形容詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞good-looking, easy-going形容詞 + 過(guò)去分詞ready-made, new-born副詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working, well-meaning副詞 + 過(guò)去分詞well-known, newly-built名詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞English-speaking, south-facing 名詞 + 過(guò)去分詞man-made, water-covered名詞 + 形容詞snow-white, homesi

12、ck副詞/形容詞 + 名詞right-hand, full-time數(shù)詞 + 名詞100-meter, million-pound數(shù)詞 + 名詞 + 形容詞180-foot-high, 10-year-old 數(shù)詞 + 名詞 + -edfour-legged, one-eyed2. 合成動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的構(gòu)成方法構(gòu)成方法例詞副詞 + 動(dòng)詞overcome, understand形容詞 + 動(dòng)詞dry-clean, white-wash名詞 + 動(dòng)詞typewrite, sleepwalk3. 合成名詞常見(jiàn)的構(gòu)成方法構(gòu)成方法例詞名詞 + 名詞classroom, schoolgirl, weekend,

13、 bookshop形容詞 + 名詞highway, blackboard, hotdog, greenhouse動(dòng)詞 + 副詞get-together, break-down名詞 + 動(dòng)名詞handwriting, storytelling副詞 + 名詞outbreak, overcoat動(dòng)名詞 + 名詞dining room, sleeping car, reading-room4. 合成副詞或代詞。如:maybe, forever, myself, whole-heartedly, however, everyone, something5. 有時(shí)一個(gè)名詞可以構(gòu)成許多合成詞。如:handb

14、ag, handball, handwriting, hand-made提分策略 這種題型是融詞法、句法、語(yǔ)意、詞形于一體的綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的主觀性測(cè)試題,突出考查學(xué)生對(duì)詞匯的運(yùn)用能力。同學(xué)們除熟記單詞、強(qiáng)化對(duì)單詞拼寫(xiě)題的訓(xùn)練外,掌握應(yīng)試的解題方法和技巧也是很重要的。首先,認(rèn)真閱讀全句(篇),正確理解句意,雖然題中已給出應(yīng)填詞的漢語(yǔ)意思,但英語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)并不是永遠(yuǎn)能一一對(duì)應(yīng)的,因此正確理解全句利于準(zhǔn)確判斷應(yīng)填或所選的單詞。其次,分析應(yīng)填詞充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞?正確判斷應(yīng)填詞的詞性。最后,判斷所填詞應(yīng)采用的正確詞形。若為名詞,應(yīng)注意其單詞復(fù)數(shù)、可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)及其所有格形式;若為動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)注意人稱(chēng)、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)、

15、語(yǔ)態(tài)及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式;若為修飾語(yǔ),應(yīng)注意修飾名詞或代詞時(shí)用形容詞,而修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句時(shí)要用副詞;若為代詞,注意代詞的各種形式;若為形容詞、副詞,應(yīng)注意等級(jí)變化?！纠?】(2014·浙江湖州)選擇方框內(nèi)的單詞完成下列句子,使句子通順、正確。每詞限用一次。A. wheneverB. checkC. carefully D. traditionalE. hobbiesF. over1. We've received 100 e-mails from our young leaders about their summer vacation plans. 2.

16、Don't forget to go over your test paper before you hand it in. 3. Linda has many such as singing,dancing and drawing. 4. Zongzi is a kind of Chinese food on Dragon Boat Festival. 5. Please if We've got what we need to make fruit salad. 6. It will always give you a big sur

17、prise you visit the Mogan Mountain. 【答案】1. F解析:和數(shù)詞100連用,表示“多于”,故用over。句意:我們已經(jīng)收到年輕讀者有關(guān)暑假計(jì)劃的電子郵件100多封。2. C解析:句意:在交卷前不要忘記檢查你的試卷。修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)go over,用副詞carefully,要仔細(xì)檢查你的試卷。3. E解析:句意:琳達(dá)有很多 ,例如唱歌、跳舞和畫(huà)畫(huà)。分析句意可知:這些都是她的愛(ài)好,故選E。 4. D解析:句意:在端午節(jié),粽子是一種 中國(guó)食品。分析所給選項(xiàng)可知:粽子應(yīng)該是一種傳統(tǒng)食品,故選D。 5. B解析:句意:請(qǐng) 我們是否有了制作水果

18、沙拉的東西。分析句意可知:只能是檢查一下我們是否有了制作水果沙拉的東西,故選B。 6. A解析: 你參觀莫干山會(huì)給你一個(gè)大大的驚喜。分析句意可知:“無(wú)論什么時(shí)候去參觀莫干山都會(huì)給你一個(gè)大大的驚喜”,故選A。 【例2】(2014·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江)根據(jù)句意,用括號(hào)中所給單詞的正確形式填空,每空一詞。1. The singers in the CCTV talent show Sing My Song have (able) to write songs. 2. Did you eat rice dumplings at Dragon Boat Festival?O

19、f course. I love the ones made in Jiaxing. They seem even (taste) to me after watching the TV programme A Bite of China. 3. Li Jian rou was (interview) shortly after she won the first gold medal for China in the 22nd Winter Olympic Games. 4. She looked (hope) at her husband for a football

20、ticket to get closer to her favourite player. 5. The old man was looking through the list of the (soldier) names in order to remember the old days. 【答案】1. ability/abilities解析:根據(jù)句意:那些在中央電視臺(tái)才藝節(jié)目中國(guó)好歌曲的歌手有能力寫(xiě)歌。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)此處應(yīng)該用名詞形式,ability既可以作不可數(shù)名詞也可以用作可數(shù)名詞,因此該空填ability或abilities。2. tastier解析:根據(jù)句意:“

21、在端午節(jié)你吃粽子了嗎?”“當(dāng)然了。我喜歡嘉興制作的粽子。當(dāng)我看了電視節(jié)目舌尖上的中國(guó)后,它們甚至更可口了”。seem后面加形容詞,根據(jù)句意該句用比較級(jí)更符合語(yǔ)境。所以填tasty的比較級(jí)形式tastier。3. interviewed解析:根據(jù)句意:李堅(jiān)柔在22屆冬奧會(huì)上為中國(guó)隊(duì)贏得第一枚金牌,很快接受了記者的采訪。根據(jù)句意此處指李堅(jiān)柔被采訪,所以句子應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),故填過(guò)去分詞。4. hopefully解析:根據(jù)句意:她滿懷希望地看著丈夫,因?yàn)檎煞虻玫搅艘粡堊闱蚱?這離她最喜愛(ài)的球員更進(jìn)一步了。 此處應(yīng)該用副詞來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)look at,根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該用希望地,故填hopefully。5.

22、soldiers􀆳解析:根據(jù)句意:為了記住過(guò)去的日子,老人正在瀏覽士兵的名字。根據(jù)句意可知此處要用名詞所有格形式,同時(shí)因?yàn)閚ames為復(fù)數(shù),所以填solders􀆳。【例3】單詞拼寫(xiě)(2013·浙江溫州)用方框中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空,每詞限用一次。plan; swim; active; unless; together1. Jim is a clever boy. He is very in class. 2. It is important to make a for your future. 3. You will neve

23、r know what you can do you try. 4. Sun Yang usually more than 15 kilometers every day. 5. At the end of the party all the students sang the song Auld Lang Syne . 【答案】1. active解析:be active in class意為“課上很積極”。very后面跟形容詞原級(jí)。2. plan解析:make a plan for為固定詞組,意為“為制定計(jì)劃”。3. unless解析:結(jié)合句意“除非你嘗試,否則

24、你將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)知道你能做什么”可知選unless,意為“除非;如果不”。4. swims解析:根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)標(biāo)志every day可知時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。又因?yàn)镾un Yang為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),故應(yīng)該填swims。5. together解析:結(jié)合句意“在聚會(huì)的最后,所有的學(xué)生一起唱Auld Lang Syne?！惫士瞻滋帒?yīng)填together。專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練一、 (2014·江蘇蘇州)根據(jù)下列句子及所給漢語(yǔ)注釋或通過(guò)上下文,寫(xiě)出空缺處各單詞的正確形式。每空寫(xiě)一詞。1. All of us have voted (反對(duì)) smoking in public places. 2. Mr Br

25、own,I Don't think your plan is worth (考慮). 3. Red represents power and is the colour of (熱). 4. Jane's silk blouse feels far (光滑) than the cotton one. 5. Whether to build another highway across the part of the city is still under (討論). 6. Jack is my best friend. I know hi

26、m (大概;或許) better than anybody else. 7. The air in the area has been (污染) because of the wasted smoke from that factory. 8. Help to some bread, Lily and Kate. Thank you, but we are full.9. My house is much from the office than yours. So I'm always late for work. You'd bett

27、er buy a car. Then you can save a lot of time.10. Miss Li, I'm afraid of speaking in front of so many people.Tom,calm down,then take a deep . Its your turn. 二、 (2014·湖北鄂州)1. Last night,when I was watching TV I heard someone (敲門(mén)) at the door. 2. The experts (預(yù)言) that no one would w

28、ant to see doctors in the hospital in the future. 3. I find it (令人沮喪的) that I didnt go to visit Shanghai Expo. 4. They are trying to find a (解決) to the crisis. 5. The teacher was not satisfied. She left the classroom (silence). 6. I have many good habits,(include) getting up earl

29、y and going to bed early. 7. The old man (die) for five years. 8. I think the car is one of the most helpful (invent) in people's lives. 9. My answer is (complete) different from yours. 三、 (2014·江蘇江陰)A. 根據(jù)括號(hào)中所給的漢語(yǔ)寫(xiě)出單詞,使句子意思完整正確。1. Sorry,sir! Those boots aren't (可找到的)

30、 in your size. 2. Spacemen have to (使固定) sleeping bags to the walls to prevent floating. 3. All the boys can't wait to play basketball. They wish to begin (立即) after class. 4. We can use many (交通工具) such as buses,cars and so on to go to or from work. B. 用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子。每空

31、限填一詞。5. Little Tom is often very clever,but he makes an (correct) answer this time. 6. When we got to the top of the mountain,we were tired and breathed (heavy). 7. Minnie is (pretty) than any other mouse I've ever seen. 8. A hot topic that people are now talking about is the (saf

32、e) of school bus these days. 四、 (2014·江蘇鹽城)A. 根據(jù)句意和漢語(yǔ)提示寫(xiě)出單詞,完成句子。1. (提醒) me to post the children's letters please. 2. The Sydney Opera House is only an usual theatre but also the (標(biāo)志) of Australia. 3. Mum made a (允諾) to buy a mobile phone for me as a birthday present. 4.

33、 Now there's fewer traffic accidents because of the law (反對(duì)) driving after drinking. 5. We are (真的) proud of our woman astronaut,Wang Yaping. B. 根據(jù)句意,用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。6. His father used to smoke very (heavy). 7. When they saw their favourite film stars,they shout with (excited). 

34、8. Though the old man is in his (nine),he is still very healthy. 9. The house is on fire,we have to run out for (safe). 10. Though he was born in France,he can't speak (France). 五、 (2013·廣西梧州)用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的正確形式填空。1. (close) your eyes and do eye exercises,kids. 2. I have tried

35、 three times,and the teacher asks me to have a (four) try. 3. Mr Wang is like a bee. He is one of (busy) teachers in our school. 4. When I got home,my pet dog was (lie) on the sofa. 5. The more (active) you take part in,the more outgoing you will be. 6. My parents expect me to pa

36、ss the examination (success). 7. Shenzhen is in the (south) part of China. 8. Many people will go to the concert,(include) teachers,students and parents. 9. China has become much (strong) than before. We're all proud of her. 10. At the exhibition,the little boy's (invent)

37、 attracted many IT engineers. 六、 (2013·廣東清遠(yuǎn))用方框內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。big; change; over; safe; clean; story; progress; improve; age; plantForty years ago, Earth Day began in the United States. From then on, people start caring about the environment in the daily life. Today, we know more than ever ab

38、out the environment problemsfrom clean water to 1 climate(氣候). Some activities about protecting the earth environment are on the rise across the world. Now Earth Day is calling all action all 2 the world. Today, we have to face some serious facts, our air and water have not been 3 as before,pol

39、lution has been increasing. It's every person who demands cleaner air,healthier drinking water and 4 food. We really need healthier environment to live in. Please take action to 5 our environment in your home or your company,at your school or your business. It can be as simple as taking a b

40、us or the subway to work,cleaning up a nearby park with your neighbors. So let's get to work together. We can continue to make 6 towards a healthier planet. Just go out to learn how you can help our planet. And then tell us your 7 about what you're doing to make some differences. Please plant trees where they ar