1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)題目基于ANSYS對(duì)汽車鋼板彈簧的有限元分析翻譯題目汽車懸架專 業(yè)車輛工程姓 名尹志強(qiáng)班 級(jí)A1131學(xué) 號(hào)指導(dǎo)教師肖靜機(jī)械與材料工程學(xué)院二O一四年十月譯文一汽車懸架現(xiàn)代汽車中的懸架有兩種，一種是從動(dòng)懸架，另一種是主動(dòng)懸架。 從動(dòng)懸架即傳統(tǒng)式的懸架，是由彈簧、減振器（減振筒）、導(dǎo)向機(jī)構(gòu)等組成，它的功能是減弱路面?zhèn)鹘o車身的沖擊力，衰減由沖擊力而引起的承載系統(tǒng)的振動(dòng)。其中彈簧主要起減緩沖擊力的作用，減振器的主要作用是衰減振動(dòng)。由于這種懸架是由外力驅(qū)動(dòng)而起作用的，所以稱為從動(dòng)懸架。 而主動(dòng)懸架的控制環(huán)節(jié)中安裝了能夠產(chǎn)生抽動(dòng)的裝置，采用一種以力抑力

2、的方式來(lái)抑制路面對(duì) 車身的沖擊力及車身的傾斜力。由于這種懸架能夠自行產(chǎn)生作用力，因此稱為主動(dòng)懸架。 主動(dòng)懸架是近十幾年發(fā)展起來(lái)的，由電腦控制的一種新型懸架，具備三個(gè)條件： （1）具有能夠產(chǎn)生作用力的動(dòng)力源； （2）執(zhí)行元件能夠傳遞這種作用力并能連續(xù)工作； （3）具有多種傳感器并將有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)集中到微電腦進(jìn)行運(yùn)算并決定控制方式。因此，主動(dòng)懸架匯集了力學(xué)和電子學(xué)的技術(shù)知識(shí)，是一種比較復(fù)雜的高技術(shù)裝置。 例如裝置了主動(dòng)懸架的法國(guó)雪鐵龍桑蒂雅，該車懸架系統(tǒng)的中樞是一個(gè)微電腦，懸架上有5 種 傳感器，分別向微電腦傳送車速、前輪制動(dòng)壓力、踏動(dòng)油門(mén)踏板的速度、車身垂直方向的振幅及頻率、轉(zhuǎn)向盤(pán)角度及轉(zhuǎn)向速度等數(shù)據(jù)

3、。電腦不斷接收這些數(shù)據(jù)并與預(yù)先設(shè)定的臨界值進(jìn)行比較，選擇相應(yīng)的懸架狀態(tài)。同時(shí)，微電腦獨(dú)立控制每一只車輪上的執(zhí)行元件，通過(guò)控制減振器內(nèi)油壓的變化產(chǎn)生抽動(dòng)，從而能在任何時(shí)候、任何車輪上產(chǎn)生符合要求的懸架運(yùn)動(dòng)。因此，桑蒂雅橋車備有多種駕駛模式選擇，駕車者只要扳動(dòng)位于副儀表板上的“正常”或“運(yùn)動(dòng)”按鈕，轎車就會(huì)自動(dòng)設(shè)置在最佳的懸架狀態(tài)，以求最好的舒適性能。 另外，主動(dòng)懸架具有控制車身運(yùn)動(dòng)的功能。當(dāng)汽車制動(dòng)或拐彎時(shí)的慣性引起彈簧變形時(shí)，主動(dòng)懸架會(huì)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)與慣力相對(duì)抗的力，減少車身位置的變化。例如德國(guó)奔馳2000 款CL 型跑車，當(dāng)車輛拐彎時(shí)懸架傳感器會(huì)立即檢測(cè)出車身的傾斜和橫向加速度，電腦根據(jù)傳感器的信

4、息，與預(yù)先設(shè)定的臨界值進(jìn)行比較計(jì)算，立即確定在什么位置上將多大的負(fù)載加到懸架上，使車身的傾斜減到最小。 汽車主動(dòng)懸架液壓和空氣式 從控制力的角度劃分，懸架可分為被動(dòng)懸架，半主動(dòng)懸架和主動(dòng)懸架。目前，大多數(shù)汽車的懸架系統(tǒng)裝有彈簧和減振器，懸架系統(tǒng)內(nèi)無(wú)能源供給裝置，其彈性和阻尼不能隨外部工況變化，因此稱這種懸架是被動(dòng)懸架。 主動(dòng)懸架有作為直接力發(fā)生器的動(dòng)作器，可以根據(jù)輸入與輸出進(jìn)行最優(yōu)的反饋控制，使懸架有最好的減震特性，以提高汽車的平順性和操縱穩(wěn)定性。它由彈性元件C和一個(gè)力發(fā)生器Fe組成。 半主動(dòng)懸架可看作由可變特性的彈簧和減振器組成的懸架系統(tǒng)，雖然它不能隨外界的輸入進(jìn)行最優(yōu)的控制和調(diào)節(jié)，但它可按

5、存儲(chǔ)在計(jì)算機(jī)的各種條件下最優(yōu)彈簧和減振器的優(yōu)化參數(shù)指令來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)彈簧的剛度和減振器的阻尼狀態(tài)。它由彈性元件C 和一個(gè)一個(gè)阻尼系數(shù)能在較大范圍內(nèi)調(diào)節(jié)的阻尼器組成。 電子技術(shù)控制汽車懸架系統(tǒng)主要由（車高、轉(zhuǎn)向角、加速度、路況預(yù)測(cè)）傳感器、電子控制ECU、懸架控制的執(zhí)行器等組成。系統(tǒng)的控制功能通常有以下三個(gè)： 1 車高調(diào)整 當(dāng)汽車在起伏不平的路面行駛時(shí)，可以使車身抬高，以便于通過(guò)；在良好路面高速行駛時(shí)，可以降低車身，以減少空氣助力，提高操縱穩(wěn)定性。 2 阻尼力控制 用來(lái)提高汽車的操縱穩(wěn)定性，在急轉(zhuǎn)彎、急加速和緊急制動(dòng)情況下，可以抑制車身姿態(tài)的變化。 3 彈簧剛度控制 改變彈簧剛度，使懸架滿足運(yùn)動(dòng)或舒適的

6、要求。采用主動(dòng)式懸架后，汽車對(duì)側(cè)傾、俯仰、橫擺跳動(dòng)和車身的控制都能更加迅速、精確，汽車高速行駛和轉(zhuǎn)彎的穩(wěn)定性提高，車身側(cè)傾減少。制動(dòng)時(shí)車身前俯小，啟動(dòng)和急加速可減少后仰。即使在壞路面，車身的跳動(dòng)也較少，輪胎對(duì)地面的附著力提高。 一.主動(dòng)式液壓懸架 電子控制的主動(dòng)式液壓懸架能根據(jù)懸架的質(zhì)量和加速度等，利用液壓部件主動(dòng)地控制汽車的振動(dòng)。主動(dòng)式液壓懸架在轎車上的布置如圖所示，在汽車重心附近安裝有縱向、橫向加速度和橫擺陀螺儀傳感器，用來(lái)采集車身振動(dòng)、車輪跳動(dòng)、車身高度和傾斜狀態(tài)等信號(hào)，這些信號(hào)被輸入到控制單元ECU，ECU 根據(jù)輸入信號(hào)和預(yù)先設(shè)定的程序發(fā)出控制指令，控制伺服電機(jī)并操縱前后四個(gè)執(zhí)行油缸工

7、作。 二.主動(dòng)式空氣懸架 在電子控制的主動(dòng)式空氣懸架系統(tǒng)中，微機(jī)根據(jù)傳感器送來(lái)的信號(hào)和駕駛員給予的控制模式經(jīng)過(guò)運(yùn)算分析后向懸架發(fā)出指令，懸架可以根據(jù)微機(jī)給出的指令改變懸架的剛度和阻尼系數(shù)，是車身在行駛過(guò)程中保持良好的穩(wěn)定性能，并且將車身的振動(dòng)響應(yīng)控制在允許的范圍內(nèi)。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，主動(dòng)式空氣懸架的控制內(nèi)容包括車身高度、減振器衰減力、彈簧彈性系數(shù)等三項(xiàng)； 車高的控制；分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、升高和只升高后輪三種工作狀態(tài)； 減震器的衰減力控制分低、中、高三檔； 空氣彈簧的彈性系數(shù)分軟、硬兩檔。 空氣懸架電子控制系統(tǒng)的工作原理；用空氣壓縮機(jī)形成壓縮空氣，并將壓縮空氣送給彈簧和減震器的空氣室中，以此來(lái)改變車輛的高度。在前輪

8、和后輪的附近設(shè)有車高傳感器，按車高傳感器的輸出信號(hào)，微機(jī)判斷出車輛高度，再控制壓縮機(jī)和排氣閥，使彈簧壓縮或伸長(zhǎng)，從而控制車輛高度。 在減震器內(nèi)設(shè)有電動(dòng)機(jī)，電動(dòng)機(jī)受微機(jī)的信號(hào)控制。利用電動(dòng)機(jī)可以改變通氣孔的大小，從而改變了衰減力的大小。 具體說(shuō)來(lái)，在汽車儀表板上有空氣懸架系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)關(guān)，利用開(kāi)關(guān)可以形成6 種不同的工作方式。外文原文一SuspensionThe modern of in the car has two kinds of suspension, a kind of suspension is from move , another a kind of suspension is act

9、ive of. From move an a function for, is from spring coil, reducing flapping machine( reduce to the flap ), leading to organization etc. constituting, it is vibration that impact to dies down roadecause this kind of can produce the function dint by oneself, therefore call active of .The active of is

10、more than ten years to develop of, from a kind of new of that computer control, have three terms: (1) have to can produce the motive source of the function dint; (2) carry out a piece can deliver this kind of function dint combines it can continue the work; (3) have the variety spreads to feel the m

11、achine combines to concentrates the relevant data to micro-computer to proceed to carry to calculate to combine the decision controls the way.Therefore, active a technique for gathering together mechanics with electronics knowledge, is a kind of high technique that compare t pass the carriage dint,

12、the reduces from the impact dint but causable loading system.Among them the spring coil rises primarily the function that deceleration pound at dint, reduce the main function that flap the machine is a to reduce the vibration.Because this kind of be driven by outside dint but rise function of, so ca

13、ll from move . But active a device for of in the control link installing can producing take out moving, adopt a kind of repress in suppressing the dint by dint the road face the impact dint of the carriage and the inclination dint of the carriage.B o sophisticate to equip. For example equip active a

14、n axis for of France snow iron dragon mulberry,the car's a system is speed, carriage that a micro-computer, have on the of the 5 kinds of spreading feels machine, distinguish to deliver to micro-computer the car soon, the ex- round system moves the pressure and step to move the accelerator pedal

15、 perpendicular flap and frequencies, change direction the dish angle and change direction flat-out etc. data directionally.The computer receives these datases continuously and with in advance the critical value that set up proceeds the comparison, choosing the homologous an appearance.At the same ti

16、me,on micro-computer independence control.each a car wheel of carry out a dollar a for, passing the control reduce to flap the machine inside hydraulic-pneumatic variety creation take out moving, from but can on any time, any car wheel creation meeting request a sport.Therefore, the mulberry bridge

17、car has various driver's modes chooses, driving as long as pull to move to locate the vice- the " normal" on the instrument panel or" sport" button, car will establishes automatically in the best an appearance, in order to best and comfortable function. Moreover, active a fun

18、ction for having carriage sport of control.When the car system moves or turns a corner of inertial cause When the spring coil transform, active a dint for would producing first and opposite anti- in the dint of , reduce the variety of the carriage position.For example Germany speeds 2000 CLs type sp

19、ort car, be, the vehicle turns a corner an inclination for spreading feeling machine would immediately examining carriage with horizontal acceleration, computer according to information that spreading and feeling machine, with in advance the critical value that set up proceeds the comparison compute

20、s, immediately certain at where full general how big of loading and adding to . The active in car a liquid presses with the air type: From the angle demarcation of the control dint, the of can is divided into passive of , active of in half with active of . Current, the automotive a system has the sp

21、ring coil with reduce to flap the machine mostly, theincapable source inside a system insupplies the device, its flexibility can't change with the exterior work with the , therefore calling that this kind of is passive of . Active an action for thering is direct dint in conduct and actions takin

22、g place machine, can according to input and output the superior feedback of proceeding control, making a the of has to reduce to shake the characteristic bestly, toing increase the automotive and going smoothly with manipulate the stability.It constitutes with a dint occurrence machine Fe from the f

23、lexibility a C. Half active a spring coil for can seeing making from variable characteristic with machine that reducing and flapping the a system constitutes, although it can't proceed the superior control with regulate with the outsider importation, it can press saving under every kind of term

24、of the calculator superior spring coil with reduce to flap the machine excellent to turn the parameter instruction to regulate the spring coil just a the appearance of for with reducing flapping machine.It from flexibility a C with a per coefficient can the machine of regulated within the scope of b

25、ig constitute. The electronics technique control car a system is main from( the car is high and change direction the Cape, acceleration, road the estimate) spread to feel the machine, electronics control ECU, of control of carry out machine etc. constitute.The control function of the system usually

26、has below three: 1 the car is high to adjust to be the car at rise and fall When the uneven road drive, can make carriage jacked up, in order to in pass;When the good road mades good time, can lower the carriage, to reduce the air help, increase to manipulate the stability. 2dint controls is used to

27、 increase to manipulate the stability automotively, in the flashback curved, nasty accelerates to move with the urgent system circumstance next, can rr is to the side , horizontal put the flutter with the control of the carriage can more quick, precision, the car mades good time with the stability e

28、xaltation of the turn, carriage side reduce.The ex- in carriage is small when system move, starting with nasty accelerate can after reducing .Even in the bad road, the flutter of the carriage too less, the tire increases to the adhesive strength of the ground. One.The active type liquid presses of T

29、he active type liquid that electronics control presses a quantity for can according to of with acceleration etc., making use of the liquid press the parts actively automotive vibration in control.The active type liquid presses a the of arrange to is sepress the variety of the carriage. 3spring coil

30、just a control changes spring coil just degree, make a contented sport or comfortable request. Adopt an empress, cahown as diagram on the car, having in the nearby gearing in center of gravity in car lengthways, horizontal acceleration with horizontal put the top preads to feel machine, use to colle

31、ct the carriage the vibration, the car wheel jumps about, carriage high degree with tilt to one side appearance etc. signal, these signalses is inputed control unit ECU, ECU according to input signal with in advance the procedure that set up issues to control the instruction, controling the servo el

32、ectrical engineering combines to manipulate in front and back four carry out a work. two.Active type air . In electronics control of active type air a system, tiny machine according to spread to feel the machine changeses to an instruction for issuing the instruction, the of can give according to th

33、e tiny machine after delivering of the signal with the control mode that pilot give has been carries to calculate the analysis of just degree with the coefficient of , is a carriage within the scope of drives to keeps in the process good and stable function, and respond to the vibration of the carri

34、age to control at allow of.Say generally, the control contents of the active type air includes the carriage high degree and reduce to flap the machine reduces the dint, spring coil flexibility coefficient waits three item; 1 high control in car;Cent standard, go up with only after going up a three kinds of works appearance; 2 reduce the that shake the machine reduc