1、語(yǔ)法專題：名詞性從句主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句，在整個(gè)句子中所起的作用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞。因此，這四種從句通稱為名詞性從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類： 連接詞：that, whether, if （不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分） 連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 連接副詞：when, where, how, why一 主語(yǔ)從句1. 什么是主語(yǔ)從句？主語(yǔ)從句通常由從屬連詞that, whether, if 和連接代詞 what, who, which, whatever, whoever 以及連接副詞how,

2、 when, where, why等詞引導(dǎo)。That 在句中無(wú)_, 只起_ 作用；連詞that不能省略。連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義，又起連接作用；例如連接詞例句從屬連詞_ the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese is known to us all.眾所周知，火藥最早是中國(guó)人發(fā)明的。連接代詞_ caused the accident is still a mystery.導(dǎo)致這起事故的原因仍然是個(gè)謎連接副詞_ we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.

3、 我們將在會(huì)議上討論如何幫助那對(duì)雙胞胎。2. 位置主語(yǔ)從句通常位于句首，但有時(shí)主語(yǔ)從句放在句首，句子會(huì)顯得比較笨重，這時(shí)把主語(yǔ)從句移到句末，用_ 作形式主語(yǔ)。常用句型有以下幾種：（1） It + be + 形容詞 + that從句l It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 她肯定會(huì)在考試中取得好成績(jī)。（2） It + be + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 + that從句l It was suggested that the work (should) be done with great care.據(jù)建議，做這份工作時(shí)應(yīng)小心翼翼。（3） It +

4、 be + 名詞 + that從句，用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的常用名詞有：regret, question, no wonder, pity, news, honor, duty等。 * It is a pity that we wont be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation. 真遺憾，我們不能去南方過暑假。（4）It + 不及物動(dòng)詞 + that/ whether.從句，常用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：appear，happen(_)，matter（_）,occur(_),seem 等 *It doesnt matter whether sh

5、e will come or not. 她是否會(huì)來(lái)無(wú)關(guān)緊要。l It happened that I was out that day. 恰好那天我出去了?！军c(diǎn)津】Whether 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句既可以放在句首也可以放在句尾，但if 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句只能放在句尾，前面需用it 作形式主語(yǔ)。Whether/if 只起到_作用，譯成“_”, 在句中不作成分。l _ Mary really heard him is really doubtful.瑪麗是否真正聽到了他的話真的很可疑。l _ is really doubtful whether/ if Mary really heard him.二 賓語(yǔ)

6、從句1. 賓語(yǔ)從句的三種分類：在句中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。（1） 賓語(yǔ)從句可分三類：動(dòng)詞后的從句，介詞后的從句和形容詞后的從句是_。（2） 賓語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)序必須是_.a. The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets. 這個(gè)男孩相信他會(huì)穿過太空去別的星球旅游b. None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.我們沒人知道在哪里能買到這些零件。c. The new book is about how he succeeded in overcom

7、ing his cancer.這本新書是關(guān)于他如何戰(zhàn)勝癌癥的。d. I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我打擾你這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。2. 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)1） 如果主句是將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)或現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)），從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。* I know he lived here four years ago.我知道他四年前住在這里2） 如果主句是過去范疇內(nèi)的時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般時(shí)態(tài)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)），那么從句中一定要過去范疇內(nèi)的某種時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來(lái)時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)）* He admitted he had

8、 given away the secret.他承認(rèn)自己曾經(jīng)泄露過這個(gè)秘密。3） 如果賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是客觀事實(shí)或真理時(shí)，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老師昨天說月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。【點(diǎn)津】當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who, which, what, when, where, how, why等疑問詞與do you think/ believe/ suppose/ imagine 連用時(shí)，經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首。l Who do you think the public

9、might choose as their favorite singer this year?你認(rèn)為今年公眾會(huì)選誰(shuí)為他們最喜歡的歌手？三 表語(yǔ)從句1. 在句中作表語(yǔ)的從句叫表語(yǔ)從句。常用的連接詞與主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞相同，用法也一樣。還可以用as if/ as though, because來(lái)引導(dǎo)。連接詞 例句從屬連詞His suggestion is _ we should stay calm.他的建議是，我們應(yīng)該保持冷靜。連接代詞That is _ I want to tell you.那就是我想要對(duì)你說的。連接副詞The problem is _ we can get the t

10、hings we need.問題是我們?cè)鯓幽艿玫轿覀冃枰臇|西as if/ thoughIt looks _ a storm is on the way.看樣子一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨即將來(lái)臨。2. 如果主句的主語(yǔ)是 advice, suggestion, order, request, requirement 等名詞時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)要用“_”His suggestion is that the wounded _(send) to hospital immediately.四 同位語(yǔ)從句 1. 同位語(yǔ)從句的表現(xiàn)形式 主句中有些名詞詞義比較抽象，如belief, doubt, fact, hope, id

11、ea, thought 等，他們往往要求用從句來(lái)具體說明這一名詞的實(shí)際內(nèi)容或?qū)υ撁~作進(jìn)一步解釋。這種從句成為同位語(yǔ)從句，其連接詞與其他從句一樣連接詞例句thatThe hope _ he may recover is not gone yet.他可能康復(fù)的希望還沒有破滅whetherThe question _ we need more time to do the work hasnt been discussed. 我們是否需要更多的時(shí)間去做這項(xiàng)工作的問題還沒有被討論。whenI have no idea _ he will be back. 我不知道他何時(shí)回來(lái)。2. 同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬

12、語(yǔ)氣order, advice, request, suggestion, proposal 等表示建議、命令、要求的名詞后的同位語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 l We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help.我們接受了他的建議：我們應(yīng)該請(qǐng)求老師的幫助?！疽谆烨鍐巍?. that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句& 定語(yǔ)從句連詞 連詞that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，應(yīng)放在某些抽象名詞后，如：news, word(消息)， idea, fact, hope, desire, thought 等，對(duì)前面的名詞起補(bǔ)充說明的作用，連詞that只引導(dǎo)

13、同位語(yǔ)從句的作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，因此that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)完整的，不缺任何成分 關(guān)系代詞that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞that一方面起引導(dǎo) 定語(yǔ)從句的作用，另一方面，that在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任_、_、_成分。因此，that 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)殘缺的。The news that our football team won the match was encouraging. (_從句)The news that we heard in the radio was not true. (_從句) 2. whether & if 表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句只能用whether引導(dǎo)不能用

14、if; 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句放在句首時(shí)，也只能用whether引導(dǎo)不用if;當(dāng)it 作形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句放在句末時(shí)用whether或if 引導(dǎo)均可；discuss后必須用whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句【例題】 是否開會(huì)仍是個(gè)問題 _ the meeting will be given is still a problem. = The problem is whether the meeting will be given. = I have no idea _ the meeting will be given. It is doubtful _ he will come here. 他是否要來(lái)還令人懷

15、疑3. What & That1) The villagers have already known _ we will do is to rebuild thebridge.2) When the news came _ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.3) _ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.4) His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out _ it is

16、he is trying to express.5) _ was most important to her, she told me, was her family6) It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.7) It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.8) One reason for

17、her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.名詞性從句 習(xí)題I 用連接詞填空1. It depends in the climate _ they are going on a picnic this weekend.2. It is important _ he will come here, by ship or by plane.3. She explained the reason _ she was late.4. _ do you th

18、ink is going on outside the classroom?5. China is no longer _ she used to be.6. What the doctors doubt is _ my mother will become well again.7. The truth _ light travels much faster than sound is known to all.8. I have no idea _ we should go on our holiday this summer.9. We havent discussed yet _ we

19、 are going to place our new furniture.10. Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season.11. As a mew graduate, he doesnt know _ it takes to start a business here.12. It is not immediately clear _ the financial crisis will soon be over.13. It has been proved _ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.14. It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.15. It is by no means clear _ the president can do to end the strike.16. It doesnt matter _ you turn right or left at the crossi