section grammar.閱讀理解a(2018全國卷)while famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in china such as the new cctv tower and the national center for the performing arts，many excellent chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.their efforts have been proven fruitful.wang shu，a 49yearold chinese architect，won the 2012 pritzker architecture prizewhich is often referred to as the nobel prize in architectureon february 28.he is the first chinese citizen to win this award.wang serves as head of the architecture department at the china academy of art (caa)his office is located at the xiangshan campus (校園) of the university in hangzhou，zhejiang province.many buildings on the campus are his original creations.the style of the campus is quite different from that of most chinese universities.many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types.the curves (曲線) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills，forming a unique view.wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages.he asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls，roofs and corridors.this creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional chinese elements (元素)wangs works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions.through such a balance，he had created a new type of chinese architecture，said tadao ando，the winner of the 1995 pritzker prize.wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums.“that is only evidence that traditions once existed，” he said.“many chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions.they think tradition means old things from the past.in fact，tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created，” he said.“today，many chinese people are learning western styles and theories rather than focusing on chinese traditions.many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are，” said wang.the study of traditions should be combined with practice.otherwise，the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty，he said.【語篇解讀】文章主要講述了49歲的中國建筑師王澍于2012年獲得被稱為“建筑學(xué)界的諾貝爾獎”的普利茲克建筑獎這一全球建筑領(lǐng)域的最高榮譽獎項，這也是中國建筑師首次獲得這一獎項。他在作品中將現(xiàn)代的與傳統(tǒng)的中國元素相融合，讓世界更了解中國，也讓中國得到了世界的認可。1wangs winning of the prize means that chinese architects are _.afollowing the latest world trendbgetting international recognitioncworking harder than ever beforedrelying on foreign architects解析：選b推理判斷題。文章第一段提到，雖然中國的很多地標性建筑，像新的中央電視臺大樓和國家表演藝術(shù)中心等的設(shè)計都是出自著名的外國建筑師之手，但是許多優(yōu)秀的中國建筑師也在努力站上這一舞臺的中心。再由第二段第一句“their efforts have been proven fruitful.”可知，國內(nèi)建筑師的努力已碩果累累。又結(jié)合接下來文章對建筑師王澍首次問鼎普利茲克建筑獎的介紹可知，王澍榮獲這一殊榮意味著中國的建筑師們也正在得到國際的認可。故選b。2what impressed visitors to the caa xiangshan campus most?aits hilly environment.bits large size.cits unique style.dits diverse functions.解析：選c細節(jié)理解題。文章第三段介紹了王澍的辦公室位于中國美術(shù)學(xué)院的杭州象山校區(qū)。根據(jù)第四段第一句“the style of the campus is quite different from that of most chinese universities.”可知，該校區(qū)的建筑風(fēng)格很大程度上有別于中國大多數(shù)大學(xué)的校園。同時，第四段第二、三句都圍繞這一校區(qū)的獨特風(fēng)格(unique style)展開具體描述。故選c。3what made wangs architectural design a success?athe mixture of different shapes.bthe balance of east and west.cthe use of popular techniques.dthe harmony of old and new.解析：選d推理判斷題。文章第六段主要描述了王澍的作品體現(xiàn)了對現(xiàn)代建筑和傳統(tǒng)的深刻理解以及1995年普利茲克建筑獎獲得者對王澍作品的評價通過平衡現(xiàn)代和傳統(tǒng)，王澍創(chuàng)造了一種新型的中國建筑。由此及第五段最后一句可推斷出，王澍成功的關(guān)鍵在于他的風(fēng)格，即融合傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代并達成二者的和諧。故選d。4what should we do about chinese traditions according to wang?aspread them to the world.bpreserve them at museums.cteach them in universities.drecreate them in practice.解析：選d細節(jié)理解題。文章第八段至第十段主要描述了王澍的設(shè)計見解。第八段中提到很多人誤認為傳統(tǒng)就是過去的舊事物，但事實上，那些發(fā)展中的以及正被創(chuàng)造的事物也可以被稱為傳統(tǒng)。第十段中提到王澍認為人們應(yīng)在實踐中去研究傳統(tǒng)，否則傳統(tǒng)的再創(chuàng)造就會變得虛假和空洞。故選d。ba british friend told me he couldnt understand why chinese people love eating sunflower seeds (葵花子) as a snack so much.“ive met a lot of older chinese and many have a crack in their front teeth；i believe thats from cracking the seeds，” he said.i had never noticed the habit，but once he mentioned it，i suddenly became more aware.i realized that whenever im watching tv or typing a report，i always start mindlessly cracking sunflower seeds.my friend doesnt like sunflower seeds，and，to him，it seems unnecessary to work so hard just to get one small seed.when we were young，the whole family would usually get together for chinese new year.then，we all lived close to one another，usually in a small city，and sometimes even neighbors would go doortodoor on chinese new years eve to check out what every household was making.i remember my parents would be in the kitchen cooking.out in the living room, a large table would already be laid out，complete with a fancy tablecloth，readymade dumping fillings，dishes full of candy，fruits and sunflower seeds.some of the dishes were to be offered to our ancestors later，while others were for neighbors and children to eat before the evening feast.i must have learned how to crack sunflower seeds back then.i dont think its right to criticize ones choice in food or eating habits，no matter how strange they may seem.its not only in china.when i went abroad，i found people had all sorts of strange habits when it came to food.in denmark，they put salted red fish on bread and eat it for dinner，no matter how much it ruins their breath.they think its a delicacy，and its connected with their culture.i think its a wonderful tradition.【語篇解讀】直到作者的英國朋友提到中國人都愛嗑瓜子，作者才意識到自己也是如此。作者把這個習(xí)慣歸結(jié)于中國春節(jié)文化，就像丹麥人吃面包喜歡加咸紅魚，每一個飲食習(xí)慣都與自己的文化有關(guān)。5what did the writer become aware of?ashe had ever typed a report about seeds.bshe ate various snacks while watching tv.cshe has a habit of cracking sunflower seeds.dshe damaged her teeth by eating sunflower seeds.解析：選c細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“i had never noticed the habit.start mindlessly cracking sunflower seeds.”可知，作者意識到自己有嗑瓜子的習(xí)慣，故選c。6what does the writer prove by mentioning chinese new year?athe traditions of celebrating it disappear.bchildren can eat delicious food on that day.cthe families would get together for it.deating sunflower seeds is related to it.解析：選d推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四、第五段內(nèi)容可知，新年的時候會有很多美食，一些是供給祖先的，還有一些是給鄰居和小孩在晚宴前吃的，其中含有瓜子，作者因此學(xué)會了嗑瓜子，可見作者嗑瓜子和春節(jié)有關(guān)，故選d。7the writers attitude to denmarks way of eating bread is _.aacceptablebcriticalcneutralddoubtful解析：選a推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“i think its a wonderful tradition.”可知，作者認為丹麥人吃面包的方式是一個美妙的傳統(tǒng)，可見作者接受這種吃法，故選a。8what lesson can we learn from the story?aone kind of food doesnt necessarily suit everyone.beating habits come from a certain culture.cit is good to form healthy eating habits.dchanging your eating habits will change your life.解析：選b推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“they think its a delicacy，and its connected with their culture.”可知，丹麥人認為這樣吃面包是美味的，這和他們的文化有關(guān)，正如作者喜歡嗑瓜子和春節(jié)文化有關(guān)，每一種飲食習(xí)慣都與自己的文化有關(guān)，故選b。.短文改錯have you ever met a person from shanghai which tries talking to someone from guangzhou？it is quite likely that both of them may feel puzzling.the chinese language，as whole，uses the same set of characters，and even the same characters can have different pronunciations.so it was difficult for people to understand each other.luckily，the widespread use of putonghua in china have made a great contribution to peoples communication，though people from different areas tend to speak with various accent.people in northern europe are much more luckier.although people there have their official languages，this is convenient for them to communicate with each other.that is because their languages are quite similar，though with small distinctions.thus，they find it easy to communicate with their mother tongues.答案：have you ever met a person from shanghai tries talking to someone from guangzhou？it is quite likely that both of them may feel .the chinese language，as whole，uses the same set of characters， even the same characters can have different pronunciations.so it difficult fo