.,1,在閱讀中我們常常會(huì)遇到生詞或雖是熟詞但用原來學(xué)過的意思去理解卻不通，這時(shí)就需要根據(jù)上下文，也就是語境，去理解，有的也可以根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法去理解。高考閱讀理解題中也常常要求考生推測(cè)詞義。這里著重談?wù)劯鶕?jù)語境理解時(shí)的幾條具體線索。,詞義推測(cè)的六條線索,.,2,1.根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比關(guān)系根據(jù)上下句之間表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系的連接性詞語來推測(cè)詞義。如表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞有but,however,otherwise,or,though等,表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的標(biāo)志性詞語有unlike,while,ontheotherhand,inspiteof,incontrast等；另外,分號(hào)也可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比或不相干的意義。,.,3,例1Timeissomethingfromwhichwecantescape.Evenifweignoreit,itsstillgoingby,tickingaway,secondbysecond,minutebyminute,hourbyhour.Sothemainissueinusingyourtimewellis,“Whosincharge?”Wecanallowtimetoslipbyandletitbeourenemy.Orwecantakecontrolofitandmakeitourally.,.,4,Theunderlinedword“ally”mostlikelymeanssomebodyorsomethingthatis_.A.yourslaveandservesyouB.yoursupporterandhelpsyouB.underyourcontrolandobeysyouD.underyourinfluenceandfollowsyou解析：B本句由or引出，與前句意義相對(duì)，要求猜的ally顯然與前句的enemy相對(duì)，即為“朋友”，朋友是支持和幫助我們的，故選B。,.,5,2.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系就是根據(jù)前后的因果關(guān)系來推斷其中的某個(gè)生詞或短語的意思?？赡苁怯杀硎驹虻木湟馔瞥霰硎窘Y(jié)果的句子中的某個(gè)生詞或短語的意思,即由因推果法；也可能是由表示結(jié)果的句意推出表示原因的句子中的某個(gè)詞或短語的意思，即由果推因法。表示因果關(guān)系的有because,sothat,so/such.that.等。,.,6,例2Pleasestayonpermittedpaths.Otherwiseyoumaydestroydesertplants.Packoutwhatyoupackin,soyouleavenosignsofyourvisit.Itisimportanttokeepinmindthatyouareinanationalparkwherewildlifeexists.,.,7,Whatdotheunderlinedwords“packoutwhatyoupackin”probablymean?A.Keepeverythingoutofcampgrounds.B.Takeawayeverythingyoubringin.C.Carryallthenecessaryfood.D.Lookafteryourpersonalbelongings.,解析：B句中so引出結(jié)果,由果推因,“不要留下任何參觀的痕跡”,因此“要把帶來的所有東西都帶走”,故選B。,.,8,3.根據(jù)解釋或修飾語根據(jù)后面的括號(hào)中、破折號(hào)后面、引號(hào)中的內(nèi)容,或者后面的定語從句，以及namely和thatis等后面的解釋性內(nèi)容推測(cè)生詞或短語的意思。,例3TheschoolsarereluctanttotaketimeoffeventeacherswithticketsfortheEngland-Argentinagamehadtroublegettingthedayoff.,.,9,Theunderlinedword“reluctant”mayprobablymean_.kindB.unwillingC.freeD.careless解析：B根據(jù)破折號(hào)后面的解釋“即使是有英格蘭和阿根廷比賽門票的老師也很難擠出一天的時(shí)間”，可見學(xué)校是“不愿意”放假的,故選B。,.,10,4.根據(jù)同義關(guān)系根據(jù)生詞所處語境中的同義或近義詞的意思來推測(cè)它的意思。有時(shí)有and或or等，我們可以根據(jù)前后兩項(xiàng)或多項(xiàng)并列的內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系，來確定同等或同類關(guān)系中的某個(gè)生詞所屬的義域，由此可推知其大致意思。,.,11,例4Itisobviousthatifstudentsvaluehighlytheirtestscores,thenagreatamountoftheirself-respectisputinthenumber.Studentswhoperformpoorlyontheexamareleftfeelingthatitisallover.Thelowtestscore,theythink,willmakeitimpossibleforthemtogetintoagoodcollege.Andwithoutadegreefromaprestigiousuniversity,theyfearthatmanyoflifesdoorswillremainforeverclosed.,.,12,“aprestigiousuniversity”ismostprobably_.A.afamousuniversityB.atechnicaluniversityC.atraditionaluniversityD.anexpensiveuniversity解析:A根據(jù)上句可知，此句中的prestigiousuniversity就是上句中的goodcollege，也就是prestigious與good或famous同義，故選A。,.,13,5.根據(jù)語境關(guān)聯(lián)就是由上下文語境的描述猜測(cè)出某個(gè)詞語的意思。例5(2013廣東)WhileJenniferwasathometakinganonlineexamforherbusinesslawclass,amonitor(監(jiān)控器)afewhundredmilesawaywaswatchinghereverymove.,.,14,UsingawebcameraequippedinJennifersLosAngelesapartment,themonitorinPhoenixtrackedhowfrequentlyhereyesmovedfromthecomputerscreenandlistenedforthesecretsoundsofapossiblehelperintheroomInthebattleagainstcheating,thisisthecuttingedgeandakeytoencouragehonestyintheboomingfieldofonlineeducation.Thetechnologygivestrusttotheentiresystem,totheinstitutionandtoonlineeducationingeneral.,.,15,A.advancedtechniqueB.sharpeningtoolC.effectiveruleD.dividingline解析：A第一段總述Jennifer在家中考試，有監(jiān)控器監(jiān)視她的每一個(gè)動(dòng)作；第二段具體描述監(jiān)控器如何監(jiān)視她；第三段開頭，thisisthecuttingedge，句中this指代什么？就是指上文描述的為了防止網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育中考試作弊所采用amonitor進(jìn)行監(jiān)控的先進(jìn)技術(shù)，故選A。,Theunderlinedexpression“cuttingedge”isclosestinmeaningto_.,.,16,6.綜合運(yùn)用多種方法除上述方法外,還可以根據(jù)并列關(guān)系、同類關(guān)系、比喻關(guān)系、定義關(guān)系、所舉實(shí)例、構(gòu)詞法和生活常識(shí)等多種方法推測(cè)生詞的意義，有時(shí)需要綜合運(yùn)用多種方法，才可推測(cè)其意義。例6Thenewtypeofpineapplewassellingfast,andtheDelMonteGoldpineapplerapidlybecameafixtureintheshoppingbasketofthehealthyeater.,.,17,Theunderlinedword“fixture”probablyreferstosomethin