高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1江蘇省南京市部分學(xué)校2024-2025學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期開學(xué)摸底英語試題第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、Ｃ和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。APart-TimeStoreAssociatesLocation155HillwoodAveFallsChurch,VA22046Duties·Processcustomerpurchases,performgeneralcleaningdutiesandkeepshelvesandgoodscleanandneat·Greetandreceivecustomersinawelcomingmanner·Respond1ocustomers’questionsandassistcustomerswiththeirshoppingprocess·Cooperatewithteammembersandcommunicateinformationclearlytothestoremanagementteam·Checkerrorsandothergeneralissues·FollowthecashpoliciesandprocedurestominimizelossesPhysicalDemands·Abilitytodealwithgoodsfromstorereceivingtoshelving·Abilitytoplaceproducts,weighingupto45pounds(about20kilograms),onshelvesatvariousheights·Regularlyrequiredtosit,stand,bend,reach,push,pull,lift,carrygoodsandwalkaboutthestoreQualifications·Providepoliteandimmediatecustomerservice·Operateacashregisterefficientlyandaccurately·Abilitytosafelyandproperlyoperateequipment,includingelectric/manualhandjacks(千斤頂),andcardboardbalers(打包機(jī))·Performgeneralcleaningdutiestocompanystandards·Interpretandapplycompanypoliciesandprocedures·Excellentcommunicationskills·Workbothindependentlyandwithinateamenvironment·Abilitytostayorganized,giveattentiontodetailandfollowinstructionsinaprofessionalandefficientmanner·MeetanystateandlocalrequirementsforhandlingandsellingalcoholicdrinksEducation·HighSchoolDiplomaorGED·PriorworkexperienceinastorepreferredSalary·$15-$18perhour(fewerthan30hoursperweekbutnotlessthan10hoursperweek)·Extrapaytypes:Bonuspay(dependingonyoursalesbutnotlessthan$30perweek)1.Whichbelongstoaresponsibilityofapart-timestoreassociate?A.Respondingtoonlinecustomerorders.B.Deliveringgroceriestocustomers’homes.C.Helpingcustomerswiththeirshopping.D.Adjustingthecashpoliciesandprocedures.2.Whatisessentialforworkingasastoreassociate?A.Beingabletodrinkalot.B.Havingone-yearrelatedexperience.C.BeingabletospeakEnglishfluently.D.Beingphysicallystrongandflexible.3.Howmuchcouldapart-timestoreassociatemakeatleastforaweek?A.$180. B.$210. C.$480. D.$570.【答案】1.C2.D3.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。屬于“人與社會(huì)”主題語境。文章介紹了一份兼職工作的崗位職責(zé)，就職條件等信息?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Duties部分的信息“assistcustomerswiththeirshoppingprocess(協(xié)助客戶進(jìn)行購物)”可知，兼職商店店員的其中一個(gè)職責(zé)是：協(xié)助顧客購物。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PhysicalDemands部分“Abilitytodealwithgoodsfromstorereceivingtoshelving(處理從倉庫接收貨物到上架的能力)Abilitytoplaceproducts,weighingupto45pounds(about20kilograms),onshelvesatvariousheights(能夠?qū)⒅剡_(dá)45磅（約20公斤）的產(chǎn)品放置在不同高度的貨架上。)”可知，店員需要收貨、上架、放置重達(dá)20公斤的重物等，所以應(yīng)聘店員的人要力氣大。根據(jù)Qualifications部分“Abilitytosafelyandproperlyoperateequipment,includingelectric/manualhandjacks(千斤頂),andcardboardbalers(打包機(jī))(能夠安全和正確地操作設(shè)備，包括電動(dòng)/手動(dòng)千斤頂和紙板打包機(jī))”要求店員操作千斤頂、打包機(jī)可知應(yīng)聘店員的人要身體靈活。綜上，應(yīng)聘者要力氣大且身體靈活。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Salary部分“$15-$18perhour(fewerthan30hoursperweekbutnotlessthan10hoursperweek)(每小時(shí)15-18美元（每周工作少于30小時(shí)，但不少于10小時(shí)）)”和“Extrapaytypes:Bonuspay(dependingonyoursalesbutnotlessthan$30perweek)(額外工資類型：獎(jiǎng)金（根據(jù)您的銷售情況，但每周不少于$30）)”可知，一周最少工作10小時(shí)，每小時(shí)的最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是15美元，每周的獎(jiǎng)金不少于30美金。故一個(gè)兼職店員每周最少可賺得180美元。故選A項(xiàng)。BIusedtohateoldbooks.WhenIsay“oldbooks”,Idon’tmeanclassics,though.Imeanbookswithyellowpages,brokenspines(書脊)andoddwood-likesmellsthatyouneedtobecarefulnottobreakbecausetheyarealreadysoworndownandbringyouseverediscomfort.OnecanassumethatIdidn’townmanyoldbooks.Ihadmerelyafewhereandtherethatmyparentshadgiftedme,butnothingtoospecial.Inthefourthgrade,Iwasreadytoexploreanewworldofreading,onethatwentbeyondthelikesofchildren’schapterbooksandteenagers’topics.Justthen,Ifoundmyparents’oldcopiesoftheentireHarryPotterbookseries.Visually,myparents’booksweremyworstnightmare.IrememberthinkingtomyselfthattherewasnowayIwouldbeabletoreadthesebooks.However,IeventuallyhadtocometotermswiththefactthatifIwantedtoreadtheseries,Iwouldhavetoreadmyparents’copies.Andsobegantheterriblejourneyofreadingsevenoldbooks.Whenitwastimeformetoreadthefinalcopy,Iwaskindofachangedwoman.Istillstronglydislikedoldbooks,buttheplotoftheentireHarryPotterserieshadattractedmesomuchIhadalmostentirelyforgottenwhatthebookslookedlike.Bytheend,IhaddevotedtheentireHarryPotterbookshelfinmyroom.Now,Iloveoldbooks.Whilethecoversaresometimessoworndownthatyoucanbarelyreadthetitleofthebook,youcanunderstandwhatit’saboutanyway.Afterall,anoldbookisarepresentationofgenerationsofreaderswhohavechosentoliveinaspecificfictionalworldbecausethestoryitcontainsisjustthatgood.OldbookshavemeaningandIlovehowmuchtheymeantomenow.4.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Shefeltuneasyaboutowningoldbooks. B.Shewasonbadtermswithherparents.C.Shegrewfondnessforreadingclassics. D.Shewasoftengiftedoldbooksbyherparents.5.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenseeingherparents’HarryPotterseriesinthefourthgrade?A.Confused B.Scared C.Discouraged. D.Astonished.6.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Iwaskindofachangedwoman”inparagraph3?A.Shestartedtoenjoyreadingfictionalbooks. B.Shebegantoignoretheappearanceofthebooks.C.Sheacceptedputtingoldbooksonhershelf. D.Shefiguredoutwhatshetrulywantedtoread.7.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.MyPassionforReading B.MyConnectionWithParentsviaOldBooksC.MyEncounterWiththeHarryPotterSeries D.MyJourneyWithOldBooks【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者對(duì)舊書的感情從討厭到喜歡的轉(zhuǎn)變?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Iusedtohateoldbooks.WhenIsay“oldbooks”,Idon’tmeanclassics,though.Imeanbookswithyellowpages,brokenspinesandoddwood-likesmellsthatyouneedtobecarefulnottobreakbecausetheyarealreadysoworndownandbringyouseverediscomfort.(我過去討厭舊書。不過，我說的“舊書”并不是指經(jīng)典作品。我指的是那些有黃頁、斷了書脊、散發(fā)著木頭味的書，你必須小心不要把它們弄破，因?yàn)樗鼈円呀?jīng)磨損得很厲害了，會(huì)給你帶來嚴(yán)重的不適)”可知，對(duì)作者來說，擁有舊書是一件令人不舒服，不自在的事。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Inthefourthgrade,Iwasreadytoexploreanewworldofreading,onethatwentbeyondthelikesofchildren’schapterbooksandteenagers’topics.(在四年級(jí)的時(shí)候，我已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好去探索一個(gè)新的閱讀世界，一個(gè)超越兒童章節(jié)書和青少年主題的世界)”以及“Visually,myparents’booksweremyworstnightmare.IrememberthinkingtomyselfthattherewasnowayIwouldbeabletoreadthesebooks.(從視覺上看，父母的書是我最可怕的噩夢(mèng)。我記得我當(dāng)時(shí)對(duì)自己說，我是不可能讀懂這些書的)”可推知，作者在看到這套書的破舊樣子后感到很沮喪。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】句意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段“Istillstronglydislikedoldbooks,buttheplotoftheentireHarryPotterserieshadattractedmesomuchIhadalmostentirelyforgottenwhatthebookslookedlike.Bytheend,IhaddevotedtheentireHarryPotterbookshelfinmyroom.(我仍然非常不喜歡舊書，但是整個(gè)哈利波特系列的情節(jié)吸引了我，我?guī)缀跬耆浟诉@些書的樣子。最后，我把房間里的整個(gè)哈利·波特書架都放滿了)”可知，作者之所以說自己有點(diǎn)變了是因?yàn)樗_始更多地關(guān)注書的內(nèi)容而忽略書的品相了。故選B項(xiàng)。【7題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Iusedtohateoldbooks.(我過去討厭舊書)”以及最后一段“Now,Iloveoldbooks.(現(xiàn)在，我喜歡舊書)”可知，本文主要講述作者對(duì)舊書的感情變化。她一開始討厭舊書，但是在看了父母給她的《哈利·波特》系列的舊書后，就開始更多地關(guān)注書的內(nèi)容而不是書的品相，這次經(jīng)歷改變了她對(duì)舊書的感情。D項(xiàng)“我的舊書之旅”作標(biāo)題最能概括全文主旨。故選D項(xiàng)。CSometimes,whenMr.Ballmerandhis16-year-olddaughter,Elizabeth,listentorockmusictogetherandtalkaboutpopculture,heremembershismoredistantrelationshipwithhisparentswhenhewasateenager.“Iwouldneverhavesaidtomymom,‘Hey,thenewWeezeralbumisreallygreat.Howdoyoulikeit?’”saysBallmer.“Therewasjustacompletegapintaste.”Musicwasnottheonlygulf.Fromclothingandhairstylestoactivitiesandexpectations,earliergenerationsofparentsandchildrenoftenappearedtomoveinseparateorbits(軌道).Today,thegenerationgaphasnotdisappeared,butitisgettingnarrowinmanyfamilies.Conversationsonsubjectssuchaspopcultureandsexwouldnothavetakenplaceagenerationago.Nowtheyarecomfortableandcommon.Andparent-childactivities,fromshoppingtosports,involveafeelingoftrustandfriendshipthatcancontinueintoadulthood.Butfamilyexpertswarnthatthenewequalitycanalsoresultinlessrespectforparents.“There’sstillalotofstrictnessandauthorityonthepartofparentsoutthere,butthereisachangehappening,”saysKerrie,apsychologyprofessoratLebanonValleyCollege.“Inthemiddleofthatchange,thereisalotofconfusionamongparents.”Familyresearchersofferavarietyofreasonsfortheseevolvingrolesandattitudes.Theyseethe1960sasaturningpoint.Greatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandatmoredemocratic(民主的)processthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay.“It’snotsomethingeasilyaccomplishedbyparentsthesedays,becauselifeismoredifficulttounderstandordealwith,butsharinginterestsdoesmakeitmorefuntobeaparentnow,”explainsMr.Ballmer.8.Whatdoesn’ttheunderlinedword“gulf”meansinthefirstparagraph?A.difference. B.argument. C.balance. D.achievement.9.Whatisthechangeintoday’sparent-childrelationship?A.Thereislessparent-childactivities.B.Thereismorerespectforparentsfromchildren.C.Thereisanewequalitybetweenparentsandchildren.D.Thereismorestrictnessandauthorityonthepartofparents.10.WhichwordbestdescribesKerrie’sattitudetothechangeoftheparent-childrelationship?A.Interested. B.Supportive. C.Indifferent. D.Concerned.11.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Todescribethedifficultiestoday’sparentshavemetwith.B.Todiscussthedevelopmentoftheparent-childrelationship.C.Tosuggestthewaystohandletheparent-childrelationship.D.Tosolvetheproblemoftheparent-childrelationship.【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。作者通過實(shí)例引出了本文探討的話題：與上代親子關(guān)系相比較，現(xiàn)在的親子關(guān)系更加和諧和平等，并闡述了原因?！?題詳析】詞句推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“‘Therewasjustacompletegapintaste.’Musicwasnottheonlygulf.Fromclothingandhairstylestoactivitiesandexpectations,earliergenerationsofparentsandchildrenoftenappearedtomoveinseparateorbits(軌道).(‘他們的品味完全不同?！魳凡⒉皇俏ㄒ坏牟⒉皇莋ulf。從服裝、發(fā)型到活動(dòng)和期望，前幾代的父母和孩子往往在不同的軌道上運(yùn)行)”可推知，前幾代的父輩與子女有代溝，具體表現(xiàn)在音樂、服裝、發(fā)型、活動(dòng)和期望。gap為關(guān)鍵詞，意為“隔閡，差距”，根據(jù)語境，gulf意為“區(qū)別，分歧”，故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Today,thegenerationgaphasnotdisappeared,butitisgettingnarrowinmanyfamilies.(今天，代溝沒有消失，但在許多家庭中正在縮小)”，第三段第一句“Butfamilyexpertswarnthatthenewequalitycanalsoresultinlessrespectforparents.(但家庭專家警告說，這種新的平等也可能導(dǎo)致對(duì)父母的尊重減少)”中的newequality可知，當(dāng)今的親子關(guān)系中，代溝越來越小，關(guān)系越來越平等，故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Inthemiddleofthatchange,thereisalotofconfusionamongparents(在這種變化的過程中，父母有很多困惑)”可知，Kerrie對(duì)這種關(guān)系的變化有些擔(dān)心，故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，第一段通過Ballmer的親身經(jīng)歷——以前他和父母有代溝，而他與自己的女兒有共同話題——引出話題：代溝。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Today,thegenerationgaphasnotdisappeared,butitisgettingnarrowinmanyfamilies.(今天，代溝沒有消失，但在許多家庭中正在縮小)”可知，父母和子女的關(guān)系在發(fā)展。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Inthemiddleofthatchange,thereisalotofconfusionamongparents.(在這種變化的過程中，父母之間有很多困惑)”可知，當(dāng)今父母在親子關(guān)系上有困惑。第四段第一句“Familyresearchersofferavarietyofreasonsfortheseevolvingrolesandattitudes.(家庭研究人員為這些不斷變化的角色和態(tài)度提供了各種各樣的原因)”，闡述了當(dāng)今親子關(guān)系的變化的原因。所以文章的目的是要探討親子關(guān)系的發(fā)展變化。故選B項(xiàng)。DLikeeverydog,everydiseasenowseemstohaveitsday.WorldTuberculosis(肺結(jié)核)DayisonSaturdayMarch24th.Tuberculosiswasonceterriblyfashionable.Dyingof“consumption”seemstohavebeenafavoriteactivityof19th-centuryartists,whichhas,however,beenneglectedoflate.ResearchersinthefieldnevertireofpointingoutthatTBkillsalotofpeople.AccordingtofiguresreleasedearlierthisweekbytheWorldHealthOrganization,1.6millionpeoplediedofthediseasein2005,comparedwithabout3mforAIDSand1mformalaria.ButitreceivesonlyafractionoftheresearchbudgetdevotedtoAIDS.America’sNationalInstitutesofHealth,forexample,spends20timesasmuchonAIDSasonTB.Nevertheless,everyoneseemstobegettinginontheTB-dayactthisyear.TheGlobalFund,aninternationalorganizationresponsibleforfightingallthreediseasesbutbestknownforitsworkonAIDS,claimsthatitsanti-TBactivitiessince2002havesavedthelivesofover1mpeople.TheWorldHealthOrganizationhasissuedareportthatcontainssomegoodnews.AlthoughthenumberofTBcasesisstillrising,therateofillnessisgrowingonlybecausethepopulationitselfisgoingup.Evendrugcompaniesareinvolved.EliLillyannounceda$50mboosttoitsMDRTBGlobalPartnership.MDRstandsformulti-drugresistance,anditisoneofthereasonswhyTBisbackinthespotlight.Carelesstreatmenthascauseddrug-resistantproblemstoevolveallovertheworld.Thecourseofdrugsneededtoclearthediseasecompletelytakessixmonths,andpersuadingpeopletostaythatcourseoncetheirsymptomshavegoneishard.Unfortunately,thoseinfectedwithMDRhavetobetreatedwithlesseffective,morepoisonousandmorecostlydrugs.TheotherreasonTBisbackisitsrelationshiptoAIDS.AIDSdoesnotkilldirectly.Rather,HIVweakensthebody’simmunesystemandexposesthesufferertosecondaryinfections.Ofthese,TBisoneofthemostserious.Someanti-TBdrugsinterferewiththeeffectofsomeanti-HIVdrugs.Conversely,inabout20%ofcaseswhereapatienthasbothdiseases,anti-HIVdrugsmakethetuberculosisworse.Theupshotisthat125yearsafterhumanbeingsworkedoutwhatcausedTB,itisstillaseriousthreat.12.Thefirstsentence“Likeeverydog,everydiseasenowseemstohaveitsday.”means__________.A.everydogenjoysgoodluckorsuccesssoonerorlaterB.humanbeingscandealwithproblemscausedbydiseaseC.tuberculosisbecomesaseriousinfectiondiseaseD.peopleattachimportancetotuberculosisrecently13.ByreferringtoAIDSinParagraph2,theauthorintendstoshow_________.A.theUSgovernmentisreluctanttospendmillionsofdollarsontuberculosisB.thedeathrateofAIDSishigherthanthatoftuberculosisC.theofficialsdon’tpaymuchattentiontotheresearchoftuberculosisD.comparedwithAIDS,tuberculosiscanbecuredeffectively14.Whichofthefollowingisbestdefinestheword“upshot”(Para5)?A.Outcome. B.Reason. C.Achievement. D.Project.15.Whichofthefollowingproverbsisclosestinmeaningtothemessagethepassagetriestoconvey?A.Forgiveandforget.B.Forgotten,butnotgone.C.Whenthewoundishealed,thepainisforgotten.D.Everydogisbraveathisowndoor.【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了肺結(jié)核卷土重來的原因，包括肺結(jié)核的細(xì)菌耐藥性問題以及肺結(jié)核與艾滋病之間的關(guān)系。【12題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“WorldTuberculosisDayisonSaturdayMarch24th.”（世界防治肺結(jié)核日在3月24日（周六）。），人們專門將特定的一天定為世界防治肺結(jié)核日，可推知“Likeeverydog,everydiseasenowseemstohaveitsday.”這句話意指近年來，人們足夠重視肺結(jié)核病。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。第二段中的“1.6millionpeoplediedofthediseasein2005,comparedwithabout3mforAIDSand1mformalaria”（2005年，160萬人死于肺結(jié)核，300萬人死于艾滋病，100萬人死于瘧疾）的數(shù)據(jù)說明，肺結(jié)核病也是十分嚴(yán)重的，但根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二、三句“ButitreceivesonlyafractionoftheresearchbudgetdevotedtoAIDS.America’sNationalInstitutesofHealth,forexample,spends20timesasmuchonAIDSasonTB.”（但是肺結(jié)核病的研究經(jīng)費(fèi)僅為艾滋病研究經(jīng)費(fèi)的一部分。比如，美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院的艾滋病研究經(jīng)費(fèi)是肺結(jié)核病的研究經(jīng)費(fèi)的二十倍。）可知，雖然肺結(jié)核病很嚴(yán)重，但是肺結(jié)核病的研究經(jīng)費(fèi)比艾滋病研究經(jīng)費(fèi)少得多，說明肺結(jié)核病并沒有得到政府的重視。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。A.Outcome結(jié)果；B.Reason理由；C.Achievement成就；D.Project項(xiàng)目。最后一段中的“Conversely,inabout20%ofcaseswhereapatienthasbothdiseases,anti-HIVdrugsmakethetuberculosisworse.”（相反，那些同時(shí)患有兩種疾病的患者中，有20%的病例是抗艾滋病藥物使肺結(jié)核病病情惡化。）說明當(dāng)今肺結(jié)核病仍然威脅著人類的身體健康。而“upshot”后面的“125yearsafterhumanbeingsworkedoutwhatcausedTB,itisstillaseriousthreat”（從人類發(fā)現(xiàn)肺結(jié)核的成因到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)125年了，肺結(jié)核病仍然對(duì)人類造成嚴(yán)重的威脅。）與上文形成因果關(guān)系，由此推知“upshot”是“結(jié)果”的意思，與A項(xiàng)“outcome”意思相近。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，文章第二段說明肺結(jié)核病的研究得不到應(yīng)有的重視，第四、五段說明肺結(jié)核病卷土重來及其原因，也就是說，盡管肺結(jié)核病被人們遺忘、忽視了，B項(xiàng)的“forgotten”與之一致，而肺結(jié)核病尚未消失，依然嚴(yán)重威脅著人類的健康，B項(xiàng)的“notgone”與之一致。所以B項(xiàng)“（肺結(jié)核病）被遺忘，但沒有消失”與文章所表達(dá)的含義更加一致。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)：（共5小題；每小題2.5分，共12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Summeristhebesttimeforkidstoexplorenature.Takeadvantageofthisseasontospendasmuchtimeinnatureaspossiblewithyourkidsandletthemexploreitindependently.Beahummingbirdparent.Differentfromthehelicopterparentwhopaysextremelycloseattentiontohisorherchildandalwayshovers(盤旋)closelyoverhead,thehummingbirdparentstepsinonlywhenitisabsolutelynecessary.___16___They’rethereincasesomethinggoeswrong,butotherwisetheyareuninvolved(不參與的)inthechild’splay.___17___Clothescanbewashed.Bugbiteswilleventuallydisappear.___18___Letyourkidsthrowthemselvesintothenaturalworldwithalackofcareandresist(抵制)thepotentialurgetoshout,“Becareful!Notsohigh!Putthatdown!Ew,that’sdirty!”Setagoalforthesummer.Makeitafamilytasktospendasmuchtimeoutsideaspossiblethissummer.___19___Createalistofplacesinyourareathatyoucanvisitandcheckthemoffthelist.Whenkidsareinvolvedinplanning,they’remoreeagertoparticipate,andtheymighthavesomesurprisingintereststhatyoudon’tevenknowabout!Haveapositiveattitude.___20___Instead,consideritawelcomeescapeforyourselfaswell.Kidsarethebestexcusetogetawayfromyourdeskandthepilesoflaundryanddishes.Embracenatureandallowitspowertoworkmagiconyou,too.A.Cutsandbrokenboneshealintime.B.Encouragefullinvolvementwithnature.C.Takethemonhikesandbikeridesinfarawayplaces.D.Sitdownwithyourkidsandbrainstormwaysofdoingso.E.Children,aroundage5or6,starttofeeladesireforindependence.F.Gettingkidsclosetonatureshouldnotfeellikeatroubleinanyway.G.Innature,ahummingbirdparenthangsbackwhilethechildleadstheexploration.【答案】16.G17.B18.A19.D20.F【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了夏季是探索大自然的好季節(jié)，盡可能多地和孩子們呆在大自然中，讓他們獨(dú)立地探索大自然的四個(gè)建議。【16題詳析】上文“thehummingbirdparentstepsinonlywhenitisabsolutelynecessary.（蜂鳥父母只有在絕對(duì)必要的時(shí)候才會(huì)介入。）”可知蜂鳥的父子一般情況下是不會(huì)介入的。而選項(xiàng)G“Innature,ahummingbirdparenthangsbackwhilethechildleadstheexploration.（在自然界中，蜂鳥的父母會(huì)袖手旁觀，而孩子則是探索的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。）”與上文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。故選G?！?7題詳析】此空是小標(biāo)題，下文“Letyourkidsthrowthemselvesintothenaturalworldwithalackofcareandresistthepotentialurgetoshout（讓你的孩子在缺乏關(guān)愛的情況下投入自然世界，并抵制潛在的大喊大叫的沖動(dòng)）”可知整段都是在圍繞讓孩子融入自然來展開的。選項(xiàng)B“Encouragefullinvolvementwithnature.（鼓勵(lì)人們充分融入大自然。）”符合題意。故選B。【18題詳析】上文“Clothescanbewashed.Bugbiteswilleventuallydisappear.（衣服可以洗。蟲咬最終會(huì)消失。）”可知這在說孩子在沒有父母的關(guān)心下融入大自然，是可以獨(dú)立的。選項(xiàng)A“Cutsandbrokenboneshealintime.（傷口和骨折會(huì)及時(shí)愈合。）”與上文構(gòu)成遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，符合題意。故選A。【19題詳析】下文“Whenkidsareinvolvedinplanning,they’remoreeagertoparticipate,andtheymighthavesomesurprisingintereststhatyoudon’tevenknowabout!（當(dāng)孩子們參與計(jì)劃時(shí)，他們更渴望參與，他們可能會(huì)有一些你甚至不知道的令人驚訝的興趣?。笨芍秃⒆右黄鸲ㄖ颇繕?biāo)與計(jì)劃。選項(xiàng)D“Sitdownwithyourkidsandbrainstormwaysofdoingso.（和你的孩子一起坐下來，集思廣益地想辦法）”與下文構(gòu)成遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，符合題意。故選D?！?0題詳析】下文“Instead,consideritawelcomeescapeforyourselfaswell.（相反，你也可以把它當(dāng)作一種受歡迎的逃避方式。）”根據(jù)上下文的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，可知選項(xiàng)F“Gettingkidsclosetonatureshouldnotfeellikeatroubleinanyway.（無論如何，讓孩子們接近大自然都不應(yīng)該覺得是個(gè)麻煩。）”符合題意。故選F。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。MywifeandIparkedbyaroughpaththesametimeasayoungmancoveredintattoos(紋身).I___21___hewasunfriendly，sowetriedto___22___ourselvesfromhim.Buthestruggledhardto___23___andwantedtotalksome.Wesloweddown.Hesaidhewasrecoveringfromabadtimeinhislife.We___24___lefthiminthedust，headinguptheriver.Hourslaterweturnedback___25___aflashfloodhadtakenoutthebridge.Therehewasagain,followingto___26___us.Hesharedalittlemoreofhis___27___.Helosthismotherandsisterinacaraccidentandhewaspermanently___28___too.Wesloweddowntothepacehecould___29___forthewholewayback.Hecontinued,“Duringmuchsurgeryand___30___Icametohatelife...”Thenhepulleduphisshirttoshowusa___31___lifesizetattoofromnecktowaist.Itwastwoladiesina___32___lightwavingtohim.“Thisismymomandthisismysister,”hepointed,“Theytoldmetostophatingeverything.Theylovedmejustastheyalwayshadand___33___metoliveinlovetoo!”Heexplainedthebrightlycoloredtattoowastheexactdreamhehadthatday.My___34___wentaway.Ithadpaintedawrongpictureofthiswonderfulpersonwithabeautiful___35___.Ilearnedmorethanhehopedtotell.21.A.assumed B.remembered C.admitted D.confirmed22.A.tell B.distance C.save D.free23.A.turnaway B.setout C.catchup D.settledown24.A.politely B.secretly C.carelessly D.accidentally25.A.though B.unless C.because D.before26.A.impress B.interrupt C.persuade D.engage27.A.target B.story C.plan D.journey28.A.confused B.discouraged C.ignored D.injured29.A.observe B.judge C.manage D.challenge30.A.silence B.pain C.failure D.guilt31.A.massive B.funny C.random D.popular32.A.brilliant B.gentle C.weak D.sensitive33.A.allowed B.begged C.forced D.expected34.A.doubt B.sympathy C.prejudice D.resistance35.A.reputation B.message C.appearance D.insight【答案】21.A22.B23.C24.A25.C26.D27.B28.D29.C30.B31.A32.A33.D34.C35.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者與一位有紋身的年輕人的相遇和交流，通過年輕人的故事和紋身，作者領(lǐng)悟到了愛與寬容的重要性，并消除了自己的偏見。【21題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我以為他不友好，所以我們盡量與他保持距離。A.assumed認(rèn)為；B.remembered記得；C.admitted承認(rèn)；D.confirmed確認(rèn)。根據(jù)前文“ayoungmancoveredintattoos”可知，這個(gè)年輕人渾身是紋身，所以作者認(rèn)為他不友好。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我以為他不友好，所以我們盡量與他保持距離。A.tell告訴；B.distance拉開距離；C.save保存；D.free釋放。根據(jù)前文“Ihewasunfriendly”可知，作者認(rèn)為年輕人不友好，所以應(yīng)是盡量與他保持距離。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：但是他努力地掙扎著趕上我們，并想說話。A.turnaway拒絕…進(jìn)入；B.setout動(dòng)身；C.catchup追上；D.settledown定居。根據(jù)后文“wantedtotalksome”可知，年輕人想要和作者說話，所以應(yīng)是趕上他們。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我們禮貌地把他拋在了后面，溯河而上。A.politely禮貌地；B.secretly秘密地；C.carelessly粗心地；D.accidentally意外地。根據(jù)后文“l(fā)efthiminthedust，headinguptheriver.”可知，作者沒有聽年輕人傾訴，所以應(yīng)是禮貌地把他拋在了后面。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查連接詞詞義辨析。句意：幾個(gè)小時(shí)后，我們折返，因?yàn)橐粓?chǎng)山洪沖毀了橋。A.though雖然；B.unless除非；C.because因?yàn)椋籇.before在……以前。根據(jù)前文后文“Hourslaterweturnedback”以及后文“aflashfloodhadtakenoutthebridge.”可知，前后文是因果關(guān)系，應(yīng)用because連接。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他又在那兒，繼續(xù)來找我們說話。A.impress給…留下深刻印象；B.interrupt打斷；C.persuade說服；D.engage參加。根據(jù)前文“wantedtotalksome”可知，之前年輕人就想和作者一行談話，現(xiàn)在應(yīng)是加入他們中。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他又分享了一些他的故事。A.target目標(biāo)；B.story故事；C.plan計(jì)劃；D.journey旅行。根據(jù)后文“Helosthismotherandsisterinacaraccidentandhewaspermanentlytoo.”可知，年輕人是和作者分享了他的故事。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他在一場(chǎng)車禍中失去了母親和妹妹，他也永遠(yuǎn)受傷了。A.confused困惑的；B.discouraged泄氣的；C.ignored忽視；D.injured受傷的。根據(jù)前文“Helosthismotherandsisterinacaraccident”可知，年輕人一家遇到車禍，所以他永遠(yuǎn)受傷了。故選D項(xiàng)。【29題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們放慢了速度，使他能走完全程。A.observe觀察；B.judge判斷；C.manage設(shè)法做到；D.challenge挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)前文“hewaspermanentlytoo.”可知，年輕人在車禍中永遠(yuǎn)受傷了，所以作者一行放慢了速度，使他能走完全程。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他繼續(xù)說道：“在經(jīng)歷了多次手術(shù)和痛苦之后，我開始討厭生活……”A.silence沉默；B.pain痛苦；C.failure失??；D.guilt內(nèi)疚。根據(jù)前文“Helosthismotherandsisterinacaraccident”以及“Duringmuchsurgery”可知，年輕人失去了親人，自己又經(jīng)歷了多次手術(shù)，所以是痛苦的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然后他撩起襯衫，給我們看一個(gè)從脖子到腰部的巨大的真人大小的紋身。A.massive巨大的；B.funny滑稽的；C.random隨機(jī)的；D.popular受喜愛的。根據(jù)后文“fromnecktowaist”可知，從脖子到腰部，應(yīng)是巨大的紋身。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：那是兩位女士在燦爛的燈光下向他招手。A.brilliant明亮的；B.gentle溫柔的；C.weak虛弱的；D.sensitive敏感的。根據(jù)后文“Heexplainedthebrightlycoloredtattoowastheexactdreamhehadthatday.”可知，紋身顏色明亮，所以是在燦爛的燈光下向他招手。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她們一如既往地愛著我，希望我也生活在愛中!A.allowed允許；B.begged懇求；C.forced強(qiáng)迫；D.expected預(yù)期。根據(jù)前文“Theylovedmejustastheyalwayshad”以及后文“metoliveinlovetoo”結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，應(yīng)是希望年輕人也生活在愛中，符合語境。故選D項(xiàng)。【34題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的偏見消失了。A.doubt懷疑；B.sympathy同情；C.prejudice偏見；D.resistance反對(duì)。根據(jù)前文“Ihewasunfriendly”可知，作者認(rèn)為年輕人滿身紋身，是不友好的，這是他的偏見。故選C項(xiàng)。【35題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它錯(cuò)誤地描繪了這位有著美好信息的了不起的人。A.reputation名譽(yù)；B.message信息；C.appearance外貌；D.insight洞察力。根據(jù)前文“Thisismymomandthisismysister”可知，年輕人把去世的媽媽和妹妹紋在身上，用以紀(jì)念她們，所以是有美好信息。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容或括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的恰當(dāng)形式填空。TheTongchengSchool(桐城派)emerged(=appeared)inthelateQingDynasty,originatingfromthecityofTongchenginAnhuiProvince.It____36____(found)byagroupofscholarslikeFangBao,LiuDakui,andYaoNai,____37____weredevotedtopreservingandpromotingclassicalChineseprose(散文)andliterarystyle.FangBao,____38____keyfigureoftheschool,advocatedfor“YiFa”asthebasictheoryfortheschool’swritingstyle.Here,“Yi”referstothecentralthemesorideasofanarticle,____39____“Fa”relatestotheliteraryformandtechnique.TheworksproducedundertheTongchengSchoolstressingclearnessanddirectness____40____conveyingthemessageofthetext,avoidingcomplexlanguage.Thisresultedastylethatwasbriefandnatural,although____41____(most)lackinginvividness.Notableworksinclude“PrisonNotes”byFangBaoand“AscenttoMountTai”byYaoNai.TheinfluenceoftheTongchengSchoolon____42____(late)generationswassignificant.Itscommitmenttoclassicalproseinfluencednumerousscholarsandwriters,____43____(shape)theliterarystandardsandcriticalapproachesofperiodsafterwards.Theschool’semphasisonclarity,precision,andeleganceinprosewriting____44____(lay)thegroundworkforthedevelopmentofmodernChineseliterarycriticism.Furthermore,itseffectspreadbeyondliteratureinto_____45_____(area)ofculturalandintellectualhistory,strengtheningthevalueofclassicaleducationandscholarlydisciplineinChineseintellectuallife.【答案】36.wasfounded37.who38.a39.while40.in41.mostly42.later43.shaping44.laid45.areas【語篇解讀】本文為一篇說明文。文章介紹了清代中期最為著名的文學(xué)流派——桐城派的歷史背景、核心理念及其對(duì)后世的影響?！?6題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞語態(tài)與主謂一致。句意：它是由方苞、劉大櫆、姚鼐等一批致力于保護(hù)和推廣中國古典散文和文學(xué)風(fēng)格的學(xué)者創(chuàng)建的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處需要填入謂語動(dòng)詞，句子的主語為It，指代前文的桐城派，所以此處指的是“被創(chuàng)建”，需要使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，此處描述的是過去的事情，所以需要使用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語為It，所以be動(dòng)詞用was。故填wasfounded?！?7題詳析】考查定語從句。句意：它是由方苞、劉大櫆、姚鼐等一批致力于保護(hù)和推廣中國古典散文和文學(xué)風(fēng)格的學(xué)者創(chuàng)建的?？崭裉帪榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句，先行詞指人，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，所以用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)。故填who?！?8題詳析】考查冠詞。句意：方苞是新派文風(fēng)的核心人物，主張以“一法”作為新派文風(fēng)的基本理論?？崭裉幬挥趩螖?shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示泛指，所以用不定冠詞；冠詞后單詞的首字母發(fā)音為輔音，所以用a。故填a。【39題詳析】考查連詞。句意：在這里，“義”是指文章的中心主題或思想，而“法”是指文學(xué)形式和技巧?？崭裉庍B接兩個(gè)句子，所以需要填入連詞；前后表示對(duì)比關(guān)系，所以用while。故填while?！?0題詳析】考查介詞。句意：桐城學(xué)派的作品強(qiáng)調(diào)在傳達(dá)文本信息時(shí)要清晰明了，避免使用復(fù)雜的語言。此處指的是“在……方面”；空格處需要填入介詞in。故填in?！?1題詳析】考查副詞。句意：這導(dǎo)致了一種簡(jiǎn)潔自然的風(fēng)格，盡管大多缺乏生動(dòng)?？崭裉幮揎梽?dòng)詞lacking，所以需要用副詞mostly，作狀語。故填mostly?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞。句意：桐城派對(duì)后世的影響是巨大的。空格處位于名詞之前，修飾名詞，所以需要填入形容詞；此處表示的是“后來的，更晚的”，所以用later。故填later。【43題詳析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：它對(duì)古典散文的承諾影響了許多學(xué)者和作家，塑造了后來時(shí)期的文學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和批評(píng)方法?？崭裉幮枰钊敕侵^語動(dòng)詞，且與句子的邏輯主語之間為主謂關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填shaping?！?4題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：該學(xué)派強(qiáng)調(diào)散文寫作的清晰、精確和優(yōu)雅，為中國現(xiàn)代文學(xué)批評(píng)的發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ)?？崭裉幮枰钊胫^語動(dòng)詞，此處描述的是過去的事情，所以用一般過去時(shí)。故填laid?！?5題詳析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：此外，它的影響從文學(xué)擴(kuò)展到文化史和思想史領(lǐng)域，加強(qiáng)了古典教育和學(xué)術(shù)紀(jì)律在中國知識(shí)分子生活中的價(jià)值。此處a