2024-2025學(xué)年高一英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末真題分類(lèi)匯編-學(xué)生版——專(zhuān)題05

閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文

經(jīng)典基礎(chǔ)題

（-）

（23-24高一上?江蘇常州?期末）RidleyScotfsfamouswarfilm'Napoleon（拿破侖）"isaseriesofsuccessful

battleslookingforabettermovietoconnectthem.Onceagain,Scott'scraftsmanship（技藝）isonshowhere,but

it'sinserviceofadeeplyshallowscreenplay.Agreatactorisreducedtoaghostlypresenceinthemiddleofthe

movie,andhispartner,thecharacterwhoneedstogivethefilmabeatingheart,comesoffasflatandhollow.

Oneoftheproblemsisthat（hefilmscripttriestoputalotoflifeinto（herunninglimeofasinglefilm.

Naturally,itopensduringtheFrenchRevolution,asNapoleonclimbsupthepoliticalladderofFrancewithhiswar

talentsaboveallelse.

AnotherpartoftheproblemisthatKirby,theleadingactressneverreallyunderstandswhattoplaywith

Josephine,amysteriouscelebrity（名人）whobecomestoomuchofamirrorfbrNapoleon.Shecouldn'tgive

Napoleonason,whichresultedintheirbreak-up.

WasNapoleonthekindofworldleaderwhoseownunsafelyresultedinkillingswehaveseeninhistory?

That'shereinafewplaces,butSccttisuninterestedinmakinganysortofstatementaboutNapoleonormenlike

hirri.Averyjust-the-factsapproachof“Napoleon“isincrediblydisappointingfbrafilmmakerwhousuallyfindsso

muchdepthinthestorieshetells.Worstofall,bythetime“Napoleon”getstoWaterloo,vvedon'tknowmuchmore

aboutthemaincharacterthanwedidwhenwecamein.That'saproblem.

Havingsaidthat,thewonderfulwarscenesin“Napoleon"maybeenoughtoproveitsexistencefbrfansof

historicalwarfilms.Whetheritsbloodiedbodiesbreakingthroughiccorwavesofsoldiersrushingintobattle,

“Napoleon“hassomefantasticbattlescenes.MaybethepointisthatNapoleonBonapartewasonlytrulyalive

whensurroundedbysomuchdeath.

I.Howdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedword“hollow”inParagraph1?

A.Solid.B.Deep.C.Empty.D.Smooth.

2.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2to4?

A.ThefilmsuccessfiillycoversNapoleon'swholelife.

B.KirbyhasagoodunderstandingofhowtoplayJosephine.

C.Peoplecouldn'tknowNapoleonbetterthroughthisfilm.

D.Therearesomeoutstandingfeaturesof“Napoleon”.

3.WhatdoesParagr叩h5mainlytalkabout?

A.Thesuccessfulbattlescenesin“Napoleon”.

B.TheachievementsofNapoleonBonaparte.

C.ThewarsNapoleonBonapartefightingin.

D.ThereasonforNapoleonBonaparte'saliveness.

4.Whattypeofwritingisthistext?

A.Anewsreport.B.Afilmreview.

C.Ahistoricaldocument.D.Asciencefiction.

（-）

（23-24高一上?江蘇南通?期末）Fidgettoyshavebeengoingviralrecently,arousingsafetyconcernsamong

parentsand（hewholesociety.Tobelterprotect（hephysicalandmenialhealthofyoungstudents,theMinistryof

Educationrecentlyissuedanotice,aimingtopreventfidgettoysfrompresentingarisktothehealthof（heyounger

generations.

Fidgettoysincludeinhalernasalsticksandradishknives,whicharepopularasstress-relieversamong

students.

The“EnergyStick,“orinhalernasalstick,hasbeensellingwellonlinerecentlyonplatformssuchasTciobao.

Someonlineshopshavealreadysoldnearly100,000sticks,whosepricesrangefrom6yuantoapproximately128

yuan.Theproductcontainswatermelon,teaandorangeflavorsandevenalcoholtoattractmorecustomers.The

onlinestoresalespersonrespondedbystatingthatthemainingredientsoftheproductarecamphorandmint（薄荷）,

whichdonotcontainanyaddictiveproperties.Meanwhile,ZhaoTing,amedicalexpert,toldtheGlobalTimesthat

somechildrenarelikelytogetaddictedtothe“EnergyStick.”

Thecolorfulplastictoyknife,aradishknife,nicknamed“CarrotKnife,hasalsoskyrocketedanastonishing

sellingonline.t4AfterherclassmatehadboughtaCarrotKnifeandsaiditwasafuntoytouse,mydaughteralso

boughtone,whichmakesmeanxious."Julian,afatherfromBeijingtoldtheGlobalTimesonSaturday.Someof

radishknivesaresosmallthattheycanbegrippedinthepalmofachild'shandwhileothersareaslongasone

meter.Therearevariouswaysofplayingwiththeradishknife,withsomemimic（模擬）attackatfriendsaspartof

agame,accordingtomediareports.

Expertswarnedthatsuchtoyscouldencourageviolenceandcauselong-termmentalharmtochildren.To

changethissituation,thegovernmentstressedtheimportanceonmaintainingstrictmanagement,andstopping

harmfultoysintocampus.Schoolsshouldorganizesafetypromctionactivitiestoteachstudentstocorrectly

identifyandkeepawayfromdangerousandharmfultoys.Also,parentsshouldteachtheirchildrentoplaywithtoys

safelyandcorrectly.

5.Whyhavefidgettoysbecomepopularrecently?

A.Theyarcbeneficialtoyoungstudents'well-being.

B.Theycanhelptoreduceyoungstudents*pressure.

C.Youngstudentsareallowedtouse（hematschools.

D.Youngstudentscanafford（hematasuitableprice.

6.Whatmayhelpthe“EnergyStick"attractyoungstudents?

A.Itshighvalue.B.Itsplentifulnutrition.C.Itsrichcontents.D.Itseffectivesales.

7.WhatdoesJulianreallywanttosayaboutthe"CarrotKnife''?

A.Itbringshisdaughteralotofjoy.B.Itmightdoharmtohisdaughter.

C.Ithasnoeffectonhisdaughter.D.Ithelpshisdaughterrealizeherdream.

8.Wha（isthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Differentresponsesmadetofidgettoys.B.Greatimportanceattachedtofidgettoys.

C.Practicalmeasuresdealingwithfidgettoys.D.Potentialdangersbroughtaboutbyfidgettoys.

（三）

（23-24高一上?江蘇揚(yáng)州?期末）Thebrainmightbetheplacewherememoriesarcstored,and:tshealthand

eflkiencydependalotonthegeneralhealthofthebody.Putsimply,what'sgoodforthebodyisgoodforthebrain.

Regularphysicalexercisedoesn'tjustbuildmusclesandkeepweightincheck.Italsoprotectsmemoryand

thinkingskills.ResearchattheUniversityofBritishColumbiafoundthatregularaerobicexercise,thekindthat

increasesyourheartrate,alsoincreasesthesizeofthebrain'shippocampus（海馬體）.AndaUniversityof

Marylandstudyfoundthatmemoryimprovedinolderadultsaftera12-wcckexerciseprogram.

Ifyou'renotintorunningorevenfastwalking,howaboutdancing?Itturnsoutthattakingadanceclassmay

beoneofthebestactivitiesyoucar.doforyourbrain.Aresearchteamat（heAlbertEinsteinSchoolofMedicine

lookedattheeffectsofphysicalactivityonpreventingmemoryloss,andfoundthatballroomdancingwas

panicularlyeffective,leadingtoenhancementsinmemory,attentionandfocus.

“Dancingcombinesphysicalactivity,learningsomethingnew.andsocialengagement,''saysDr.Salinas,a

neurologistatNYULangoncHealth.**Themoreofthesefactorsanactivityhas,thebetteroffyouwillbe.”

Sleepisalsoimportantformemoryformation,especiallylong-termmemoryformation.Whenyou'reasleep,

thebrainrunsthetapeofwhatitrecordedduringtheday,getsridofinformationthatisn'trelevantandthenstores

otherinformationforthelongterm.

Besides,doingthosementallyengagingactivities,suchasplayingcrosswordpuzzles,canalsohelpkeepour

mindsactive.Learninganewlanguageisoftenregardedasanidealactivityforbrainhealth.44Doingsomething

newandchallengingcontributestoformingnewpathwaysinthebrain,helpinginformationgofromonepartofthe

braintoanother,saysDr.Salinas.

Whilegenetics(基因?qū)W)andfamilyhistoryplaysomerolesin(heriskofmemoryproblems,sodoplentyof

otherfactors.Addressinganyofthesemaymakeyourmemorysharper.

9.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?

(①——Paragraph1;②——Paragraph2;(3)—Paragraph3;?—Paragraph4;⑤——Paragraph5;⑥—paragraph6;

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“enhancements”inParagraph3mean?

A.Improvements.B.Effects.C.Troubles.D.Skills.

11.WhydoestheauthormentionDr.Salinas'wordsinParagraph4?

A.Toexplainwhydancingisoneofthebestactivitiesforbrain.

B.Toshowwhichactivityislikelytobringusthemostbenefits.

C.Tosuggestthatweshoulddanceinsteadofdoingotherexercise.

D.Toconcludethatthemoreactivitieswedo,thehealthierwewillbe.

12.Whyislearninganewlanguageregardedasanidealactivityforbrainhealth?

A.Becauseithelpsstoreinformation.B.Becauseitisnotverychallenging.

C.Becauseitmakesuseofpathways.D.Becauseitkeepsourmindsactive.

(四)

（23-24高一上?江蘇連云港?期末）Ourfutureselvesusedtobeariddle.Now,thankstosocialmediafilters（濾鏡）,

wecanstarethemrightintheface.PeoplefellinlovewithTikTok:hismonthtosharethemselves"aging“inreal

timeusingafilter“timetravel”.Settoasadsong,theeffectshowstheuser'sfaceslowlygettingolder,complete

withwrinkles（皺紋）andsunspots.

Camerafiltersthatageyouhavebeenaroundforyears.ButadvancementsinAIaremakingtheresultsmore

real.DoctorAleksandraBrownsaid（heTikToktimetravelfilterdoeswellinguessinghowagivenfacewouldage.

Aswegetolder,ourfacialskinthins,fatdissolves（溶解）andgravitypullseverythingdownward.Not

everyoneispleasedaboutthis.OneofBrown'sfriendsdidn'tlikewatchingtimeflypast.Shecouldn'tstand

watchingherselfage50yearsin15seconds-couldlifereallygobythatfast?Browncriedherselfafterusingthe

agingeffectonherownyoungdaughter.Shewon'tlivetoseeherdaughtergetthatold,shepointedout.

Forotherpeople,thetimetravelfilterbroughtupunexpectedpositivefeelings.ActorJonathanBennettshared

avideosayinghisownfilteredfacerecalledhappymemoriesofhislatefather.NicoleLoehle,a24-year-oldinNew

Jersey,testedtheeffectwithherboyfriend.1（gaveheranewviewpoint,shesaid,shecouldimaginethe

relationshiplastingintotheiroldage.

There'snocorrectwaytoage.Butit'simportanttorememberthatnoonecanstoptimeorundoitseffects.*i

keeptryingtoviewagingasaBrownsaid,uSomcpeopledon'tgettoage,unfbrtunatcly?,,

13.Whatcanpeopledowiththefilter"timetravel'?

A.Findtheirpartners.B.Seetheiragingfaces.

C.Experienceothers*lives.D.Guesstheirfuturesuccess.

14.WhatarcParagraph3andParagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Remindersofthegoodolddays.B.Reasonsforusingtheagingeffect.

C.Reilectionsonclosepersonalrelationships.D.Responsestotheagingefleetof“timetravel”.

15.WhichofthefollowingwouldBrownprobablyagreewith?

A.It'sgoodtowatchtimeflypast.B.The“timetravel”needsadvancements.

C.Noteveiyoneisfortunateenoughtogetold.D.TickTokinventedthefirstappwithagingeffect.

16.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.T汰Tok's“timetravel”：slowlyorquicklyB.TikTok's"timetravel”：backwardorforward

C.TikTok's"timetravel”：toenjoyortosufterD.TikTok's“timetraveltodeveloportodrop

（五）

（23-24高一上?江蘇揚(yáng)州?期末）In2019,AirCompanygainedpublicattentionwheniiproducedvodka（伏特加）

fromcarbonintheair,inordertoreducetheamountoftheharmfulgreenhousegasintheatmosphere.Today,the

companyhasbegunusingthesameprocesstomakefuel（燃料）forairplanes.

AirCompany'scleanaircraftfuel,whichwasrecentlytested,couldsomedayhelptheairlineindustryachieve

itsgoalofnetzerocarbonemissions（排放）by2050.Currently,theairlineindustiyaccountsforabout3%oftotal

globalcarbonemissionseachyear,andmainlyusestraditional,fossil-basedfuels.

Anumberofproducersofcleanaircraftfuelhavecomeoutinrecentyears,manyofwhomusesomethinglike

plantmaterialandcookingoil.ButAirCompany'sproductionprocessstartsbypullingharmfulcarbonemissions

outoftheair.

Thecompanyfirstharvestscarbon,mostlyfromindustrialsettings.Itthentakeswater,separatesthehydrogen

fromtheoxygen,andputsthecarbontogetherwiththehydrogenandothermixtures.Afterthat,itdistills（蒸儲(chǔ)）

thatsolutiondown.Thefinalproductsareethylalcohol（乙醇）tomakethecompany'svodkaandotherproducts

suchasperfume,aswellasparaffin,whichforms（hebasisofitsaircraftfuel.

BythetimeaplanehasflownusingAirCompany'sfuel,itwillhavegivenoffthesameamountofcarbon

dioxide（CO?）backintotheatmosphereaswasacquiredtomake（hefuel.

uAlready,someoftheworld'sbiggestairlinesaresupportingAirCompany'sdream.Theyhaveagreedtobuy

millionsofgallonsofitsfuelinthecomingyears?'Thecompanymanagersays,“However,togettothoselarge

industrialmarketslikeaircraftfuel,Traditionallyknownasthehottestindustrytogetgreen,isalongwaytogo.It's

goingtotaketime,moneyandeffort.”

17.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.AirCompanyisfamousforproducingvodka.

B.AirCompanynolongerusestraditionalfuels.

C.AirCompany'sfuelislikelytobeenvironmentallyfriendly.

D.AirCompanyaccountsfor3%oftotalglobalcarbonemissions.

18.Whatdocstheunderlinedpart"thatsoIution^^refertoinParagraph4?

A.Ethylalcoholformingtheaircraftfuel.

B.Hydrogenthatisseparatedfromwater.

C.Oxygen,hydrogen,carbonandethylalcohol.

D.Mixofcarbon,hydrogenandothermixtures.

19.Whatcanbeinferredfromthemanager'swordsin（helastparagraph?

A.MajorAirlineshavealreadypulAirCompany'sfuelintouse.

B.IttakestimefbrAirCompany'sfueltobeusedonregularflights.

C.ThefuelproducedbyAirCompanyissure（obeveryexpensive.

D.Aircompanyalonewillbeabletooccupytheaircraftfuelmarkets.

20.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.AirCompany:MakeAirTravelGreen

B.AirCompany'sCarbonProductionDrcam

C.AirCompany'sEnvironmentalSupporters

D.AirCompany:MakeTradilonalFuelsAvailable

（六）

（23-24高一上?江蘇鹽城?期末）TherearelotsofscholarshipprogramsintheUnitedStates,butHopeChicagois

raisingstandards.

Throughthehelpoffunding（資助）partners,they'vebeenabletoraise$40millionthatwillgotowardpaying

thetuition（學(xué)費(fèi)），room,board,andbooksforthousandsofstudentsinChicago.Howarcthesestudentschosen?

AlltheyhavetodoisgotooneofthefiveChicagoPublicSchools（CPS）thatarepartneredwiththeorganization.

That'sright-everysinglestudentwhoattendsoneofthesefiveschoolsisabletogotooneof20partnering

collegesortradeschoolsatnocost,includingtheUniversityofIllinois.

Tohelpencouragestudentstofollowthroughwiththeircducalion,eachchildthatjoinsafull-timeprogram

mayhaveoneparentcontinuetheireducationforfreeaswell.

ThefirstannouncementwasalBenitoJuarezHighSchool.Thestudentsweresosurprisedbythenews（hat

（heywentalmosttotallysilentandtheheadteacher,JuanCarlosOcon,hadtorepeatwhathesaid.

Uponhearingthenewsforthesecondtime,acelebrationbegan.

"That'swhenthehallofmorethan500studentsandparentswasfilledwithenergy,hopesanddreams,vJuan

said.°Youcouldseethetearsintheeyesofourstudentsandparents."

EachpersontakingpartinilopeChicagoisdrivenbytheirwishto“reduceeconomicandsocialinequality,

saidPeteKaden's,oneofHopeChicago'sfounders.

HopeChicagohopestobecomeoneofmanylife-changingorganizationstomakegettinganeducationeasier.

In（henexttenyears,theyaimtospend$1biliontosendtensofthousandsofstudentsandfamilymembersto

collegesortradeschools.

“Ascholarshipprogramofthissizehasneverbeendonebefore,butwearefocusingonChicago'sfamilies

mostinneed,"Petesaid."Withthatinmind,ourgoalistoseeHopeChicagopositivelyinfluencethefiirther

educationsystemandserveasamodelfbrthenation.

21.WhocangetscholarshipsfromHopeChicago?

A.Students,sufferingfromdiseases.B.Studentslearningincertainschools.

C.Studentsgraduatingwithhonors.D.Studentsfromsingle-parenthomes.

22.HowdidthestudentsfeelafterJuanrepeatedhiswords?

A.Terriblybored.B.Unbearablysad.C.Completelycalm.D.Extremelyhappy.

23.WhatisPete'sattitudetowardHopeChicago?

A.Thankful.B.Uncaring.C.Hopeful.D.Unclear.

24.Whatisasuitabletitleforthe（ext?

A.Thesestudentsjustgotlife-changingnews.B.Thesescholarshipprogramsmeantsomuch.

C.Parentsplayabigroleineducatingchildren.D.Socialinequalityexistsinmoderneducation.

（七）

（23-24高一上?江蘇南通?期末）Ahollow（空洞）halfwayupatreemightseemlikeastrangeplacetolookfora

water-lovinganimal,buttheresultsofanewsurveyhaveshowedthatcommontoads（蟾蛛）intheU.K.arc

skillfultreeclimbers.ThesurprisingdiscoverywasmadebyresearchersfromtheUniversityofCambridge,

workingwithFroglife,acharitydevotedtoamphibians（aninialssuchasfrogsandtoadsthatdividetheirtime

betweenbeingonlandandinwater）.

Theteamlookedatreportsfromvolunteerswhowerestudyingspecialnestboxesa*partoftheNational

Dormouse（睡鼠）MonitoringProgramandtheBatTreehabitatKeyproject."Wccouldn'tbelievewhatwcfound,M

saidNidaAlfiilaij,ascientistwhosupportedthework."We'reusedtodiscoveringwoodlandbirdsandothersmall

mammalsinnestboxes,butwehadn'tconsideredfindingamphibiarsinthem.^^Morethan50commontoadswere

foundinveryunexpectedplaces:inpartsoftreesthatareusuallyusedbybats,innestboxesdesignedfordormice,

andeveninoldbirds'nests.That'ssuchasurprisinglyhighnumberthattheresearchersthinktree-climbingmustbe

acommontoadhabit——it'sjustneverbeennoticedbefore.

Theresearcherssaythisshowshowsharingdatabetweensurveyswithdifferentaimscanleadtonew

discoveries-evenaboutspeciesthatexpertsbelievetheyknowwell.Throughthediscoveriestheresearchersalso

haveaclearunderstandingofhowimportanttreehollows,cracksandholesaretoallsortsofanimals.It'sstill

unclearhoweasythetoadsfindittoclimb—theywerespottedupto3metershighintreesbutthiswasasfarupas

thevolunteerswerelooking,sotheycouldbegoingevenhigher.

Whydothekindoftoadsclimbthetrees?Theresearchershavesomeguesses,suchaslookingfcrfood,hiding

fromhuntersoravoidingpestssuchasthetoadfly.Itisstillapuzzle.

25.Whatdoweknowaboutthenewstudy?

A.Itreliedon（heearlystudiesoftheteam.

B.Itcameasnosurprisetotheresearchers.

C.Itresultedfromthedataofothersurveys.

D.Itproveswhatexpertshaveknownbefore.

26.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttoadsisTRUE?

A.Treesarebelievedtobetoads'bestplacetolivein.

B.Theyclimbtreestokeepbatsanddormicecompany.

C.Thepropernumberoftoadslivingtogetheris50orso.

D.Thetoadsmayhaveformedthehabitofclimbingbefore.

27.Whatmaytheteamresearchaboutcommontoadsinthefuture?

A.Otherlivinghabits.

B.Thereasonsforclimbing.

C.Thewaystoavoidpests.

D.Moreexamplesof（hefinding.

28.Wheremaybethepassagetakenfrom?

A.Asciencejournalaboutbiology.

B.Apaperaboutthehabitatscfbirds.

C.Afictionaboutamphibiansanimals.

D.Acourseaboutthesignificanceoftrees.

（A）

（23-24高?上?江蘇鎮(zhèn)江?期末）MammothCaveNationalPark,inthestateofKentucky,isauniqueandhistorical

naturalwonder.Ithastheworld'slongestcavesystem.Theremaybeanother600milesofcavepassagewaysthat

haveyettobeexplored.Inaddition,morethan200cavesthataredisconnectedfromthelargersysteir.canbefound

inthepark.

Theundergroundcaveswerecreatednaturallybytheprocessoflimestone（石灰?guī)r）erosion.Rainandrivers

slowlydissolve（溶解）andshapesoftlimestone.Thesystemisstillbeingshapedtoday.Notonlyaretheyan

amazingdestinationtovisit,butthesystemalsoprovidesdrinkingwaterforabout40%oftheUSpopulation.

Thecaves'firstexplorerswereNativeAmericans,whomined（采礦）theupperlevelsofMammothCave.

Later,thesiteswereleftingreatshapeandbegantodrawpublicinterest.

MammothCavewasmadeintoanationalparkthankstostrongsupport.Backinthe1920s.theSouthern

AppalachianNationalParkCommissionwassetupin1925.Afteryearsofwork,aswellasbuildingroadsand

publicfacilities,theparkwascompletedonJuly1,1941.

Theparknowreceivesaround2millionvisitorsayear,withaboutaquartertakingatourofthe

caves-everythingfromaculturaltour（othemoreadventuroustoursonoffer.Thecavesupportsmorethan130

wildlifespecies（物種）.Theparkisalsomuchmorethanjustacave;theforestaroundhasadiverse1多種多樣的）

rangeofspecies.Therearemilesoftrailsopenforhorsebackriding,withcanoetrailsandgreatfishingspots.There

arealsomorethan1,300floweringspeciesintheforest,andanimalslikewoodwarblers,thrushes,andbaldeagles

canregularlybeseen.

29.WhatcanwelearnaboutMammothCavefromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Itwasmadebyancientpeople.B.Ithasthelengthof600miles.

C.Itismadeupof200connectedcaves.D.Ithasalargeundergroundsystem.

30.Howdothecavesform?

A.Explorersmine（heupperlevels.B.Thegovernmentsearchesfbrdrinkablewater.

C.Waterdissolveslimestone.D.Peoplebuildroadsandpublicfacilities.

31.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Morethan1,300flowersgrowinthecaves.

B.Theparkoffersvisitorsdiverseexperiences.

C.Mostvisitorscometotheparkjustforcaves.

D.Twomillionpeoplehavevisitedtheparktillnow.

32.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Planningcavetoursaroundtheworld

B.Exploringtheworld'slongestcavesystem

C.LearningabouttheexplorersofMammothCave

D.PredictingthefutureofMammothCaveNationalPark

（九）

（23-24高一上?浙江麗水?期末）Agroupofresearchershascomeupwithawaytomakeiteasieriodriveinthe

snow:bydesigninglyres（輪胎）basedonpolarbearpaws.

*Wchadanongoingprojectfbrmanyyearsfocusedonice,“saidAliDhinojwala,whotookpartinthe

research.**Wewerelookingatthefriction（摩擦力）ofmaterialsbecauseournationalpartnersneedtodeveloptyres

withastronggripontheroadiniceandsnowconditions."Theteamturnedtonaturefbrinspiration,thinkingthat

evolutionmighthavealreadysolvedtheprobleminawaythatcouldbecopiedwithtechnology.Theobviousplace

tolookwaspolarbears—specificallythetinybumps（凸塊）onthesurfaceoftheirpawpads—tofindcutwhateffect

【heyhaveontheanimals'abilitytomovequicklyacrossicyandsnov/yarea.

Todothis,theteamgatheredsamples（樣本）ofpolarbearpawpads,aswellassamplesfrombrownbearsand

Americanblackbears（twospeciescloselyrelatedtopolarbears）andsunbears（adistantlyrelatedspecies,typically

foundinAsia）.

Theteamimagedthesamplesusingascanningelectronmicroscope,produced3D-printedcopiesandthen

testedtheminsnowinthelab.Theyfoundthatthetinystructuresonthepolarbearpawpadsweretaller,which

gavethembetterfrictiononthesnow,eventhoughpolarbearshavesmallerpadscomparedtootherbears.

Theteamnowwantstolookintootherfactorsthatmayhaveaneffect,suchasthepatternsandshapesofthe

tinystructures.tkIfyoulookatsnowtyresyou'llseethattheydohavesonicdeepertreads（夕卜胎花紋），butthis

researchcouldalsoshowvariouswaystodesignthemthatcouldhavealargerimpact,MsaidDhinojwala.

33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inparagraph2referto?

A.Polarbears.B.Tinybumps.

C.Pawpads.D.Snowyroads.

34.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Thebackgroundoftheresearch.B.Thefindingoftheresearch.

C.Thedifferencesofsamplesinthelab.D.Thecomparisonofdifferentbearpads.

35.WhatcanweinferfromDhinojwala'swordsinthelastparagraph?

A.Differenttreadsmightbedesignedonthesnowlyres.

B.Snowtyres（hathavedeepertreadscanbesafeenough.

C.Thedesignofsnowtyresrequiresnofurtherimprovement.

D.Theresearchersshouldhaveturnedtootherbearsforinspiration.

36.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.AneasierwaytodriveinthesnowB.Anongoingprojectfocusedonice

C.SnowtyresbasedonpolarbearpawsD.Anewresearchonpolarbearpawpads

（+）

（23-24高一上?浙江嘉興?期末）With（heirbeautifulfeathers,roostersmightbeforgivenforsecredytakingquick

looksinthemirror~~especiallyasresearchnowsuggeststhebirdsmaybeable(orecognisethemselves.

Theabilitytorecogniseoneselfinthemirrorhassofarbeenfoundinahandfulofanimals,including

elephants,dolphins,andcertainfishandbirds.SonjaHillemachcr,oneoftheauthorsofthestudyattheUniversity

ofBonn,saidanimalsthatcanrecognisethemselvesinamirroroftenseemedtohavemoreadvancedcognitive

abilities,andthattherewasalinktosocialandemotionalwisdom,aswellasself-awareness."Thisabilityisabasic

aspectofcognition.Itisalsoimportantfbrus,“shesaid.

WritinginthejournalPiosOne,Hillemacherandhercolleaguesnotethatroosterstendtocallouttotheir

fellowchickensiftheyseeathreatIfarooster