Chapter1IoTTechnologyFundamentals

TaggingThings:RFIDUNIT2UnderstandingthegeneralknowledgeaboutRFIDKnowingthetechnicalpartsandtheoperationofRFIDRememberingthekeyterms

ofRFIDKnowledgeApplyingtheSQ3RsysteminacademicreadingTryingtofigureouttheunfamiliarwordsinthecontextImplementingstrategiestowriteforcourseworkessaysSkillLearningobjectivesContentsDomainKnowledgeandterminologyfocusEnglishforAcademicPurposesReadingintheSQ3RSystemVocabulary:wordsinthecontextSpeaking(inacademicconferences)WritingBackground:

MichaelFaraday(1791-1867)RenownedBritishphysicistandtrailblazerPioneeredthefoundationalprinciplesofelectromagnetismOftenreferredtoasthe"FatherofElectromagnetism"Background:ZigbeeRevolutionizedlow-power,short-rangedatatransmissionDevelopedinthelate1990stoaddressIoTconnectivitychallengesFoundapplicationinsmarthomesandhealthcareOftenhailedasakeyenablerofIoTrevolution1.DOMAINKNOWLEDGEandTERMINOLOGYFOCUS

KeysentencesForinformationandcommunicationaccesstobetrulyandseamlesslyembeddedintheenvironmentsurroundingus,theexponentialgrowthofnetworkeddevicesmustbeaccompaniedbyaparadigmshiftincomputing.(para1)網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備呈指數(shù)型增長(zhǎng)，為了實(shí)現(xiàn)信息傳遞和通信訪問(wèn)無(wú)縫融入我們周圍的環(huán)境，計(jì)算方式必須相應(yīng)發(fā)生范式轉(zhuǎn)變。Paraphrase:Inordertoputinformationandcommunicationsmoothlyintoourenvironment,theremustbeafundamentalchangeinthewaycomputingoperatestokeeppacewiththerapidincreaseininterconnecteddevices.KeywordsSeamless/‘si?ml?s/adj.withnospacesorpausesbetweenonepartandthenext(adv.

Seamlessly)Thelightsandsecuritysysteminmysmarthomeworktogetherseamlesslytomakeacozyenvironment.Thefitnesstrackerandsmartwatchprovideaseamlessexperienceastheytrackmyactivityandheartratewithoutanyinterruptions.KeywordsExponential/??ksp??'n?n??l/adj.(ofarateofincrease)becomingfasterandfasterTheexponentialadoptionofsensorsinvariousindustries,suchasagricultureandmanufacturing,istransformingthewaywecollectandutilizedata.Companiesareinvestinginlargerdatastoragecapacitiesduetotheexponentialincreaseindata.KeysentencesInthisrespect,itcanbeconceptualizedasanalogoustocommonshort-rangewirelesstechnologiessuchasZigBee.(para2)就這一點(diǎn)而言，可以將其與紫峰等常見的短距離無(wú)線技術(shù)相類比。Paraphrase:Fromthisperspective,itcanbethoughtof

inasimilarwayasshort-rangewirelesstechnologieslikeZigBee.KeywordsConceptualize/k?n's?ptj???la?z/v.toformanideaofsthinyourmindWhenyouconceptualizeasmartcity,imaginetrafficlights,wastemanagement,andenergyusageallinterconnectedforbetterurbanliving.It'seasiertoconceptualizeIoTwhenyouthinkaboutobjectslikelightbulbsbecomingsmartandconnected.KeywordsAnalogous/?'n?l?ɡ?s/adj.similarinsomewaytoanotherthingorsituationandthereforeabletobecomparedwithitThewayIoTdevicesexchangedataisanalogoustopeoplesharinginformation,creatingaconnectionbetweenthedigitalandhumanworlds.Analogoustosharingideas,IoTdevicessharedatatocollectivelyenhancedecision-makingandefficiency.KeysentencesRFIDcombinesradiotechnologywithradaranddatesbacktotheseminal1948paperbyHarryStockman“CommunicationbyMeansofReflectedPower”.(para3)射頻識(shí)別技術(shù)將射頻技術(shù)與雷達(dá)相結(jié)合，最早可追溯到哈里·斯托克曼于1948年發(fā)表的具有開創(chuàng)性意義的論文《利用反射功率進(jìn)行通信》。Paraphrase:RFIDintegratesradiotechnologywithradarandtracesitsoriginsbacktotheinfluential1948paperbyHarryStockmantitled“CommunicationbyMeansofReflectedPower”.KeywordsSeminal/'s?m?n?l/adj.(formal)veryimportantandhavingastronginfluenceonlaterdevelopmentsTheInternetofThingshashadaseminalimpactonindustries,revolutionizinghowtheyoperateandgatherdata.Theconceptofagloballyinterconnectedworldisaseminalidea.KeysentencesTagsdonotneedanin-builtpowersource,astheytaketheenergytheyneedfromtheelectro-magneticfieldemittedbyreaders.(para4)標(biāo)簽不需要內(nèi)置電源，只因其從讀寫器發(fā)射的電磁場(chǎng)中獲取所需的能量。Paraphrase:Tagsdonotrequireabuilt-inpowersource,astheyobtainthenecessaryenergyfromtheelectromagneticfieldproducedbyreaders.KeywordsEmit/?'m?t/v.(formal)tosendoutsthsuchaslight,heat,sound,gas,etc.IoTdevicesequippedwithtemperaturesensorscanemitalertswhenthetemperaturerisesbeyondasafelevel.Smartsmokedetectorscanemitloudalarmsandsendnotificationstoyourphonewhentheydetectsmoke.KeysentencesMosttagsarepassive,andactivatedonlywhentheyarewithinthecoverageareaoftheinterrogator.Whileoutsidethisarea,theyremaindormant.(para5)大多數(shù)標(biāo)簽都是被動(dòng)的，只有當(dāng)其處于詢問(wèn)器的覆蓋范圍內(nèi)時(shí)才會(huì)被激活。當(dāng)超出這個(gè)范圍時(shí)，其保持休眠狀態(tài)。Paraphrase:Mosttagsarepassiveandbecomeactiveonlywhentheyarewithinthecoveragerangeoftheinterrogator;whileoutsidethisrange,theyremaininactive.KeywordsDormant/'d??m?nt/adj.notactiveorgrowingnowbutabletobecomeactiveortogrowinthefutureDuringperiodsoflowactivity,IoTdevicescanremaindormanttoconserveenergyuntilthey'reneeded.Dormantsensorsinasmarthomecanactivatewhentriggeredbyspecificevents,suchasmotionorchangesintemperature.KeysentencesOneofthemostpivotalaspectsoftheseelectroniclabelsisthattheyallowfortheaccurateidentificationofobjectsandtheforwardingofthisinformationtoadatabasestoredontheinternetoronaremoteserver.(para5)這些電子標(biāo)簽最為關(guān)鍵的一方面是，其能夠精確地識(shí)別物體，并將這些信息傳遞到存儲(chǔ)在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)或遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中。Paraphrase:Oneofthekeyelementsoftheseelectroniclabelsistheirabilitytoaccuratelyidentifyobjectsandrelaythisinformationtoadatabasestoredontheinternetoraremoteserver.KeywordsPivotal/'p?v?t?l/adj.ofgreatimportancebecauseotherthingsdependonit.PivotaltotheconceptofsmartcitiesistheintegrationofIoTtechnologiestoenhanceurbanliving.IoT'spivotalimpactonenergymanagementcanleadtosignificantreductionsinconsumption.KeysentencesInthemostcommonapplicationofRFID,forsupplychainmanagement,itistypicallyusedasalong-termenhancementofthetraditionalbarcode.(para5)在供應(yīng)鏈管理這一射頻識(shí)別技術(shù)最為常見的應(yīng)用中，將其長(zhǎng)期作為傳統(tǒng)條形碼的改進(jìn)方案。Paraphrase:InthemostprevalentapplicationofRFID,whichissupplychainmanagement,itiscommonlyemployedasalastingimprovementuponthetraditionalbarcode.KeywordsEnhance/?n'hɑ?ns/v.toincreaseorfurtherimprovethegoodquality,valueorstatusofsb/sth(n.Enhancement)IoTdevicesenhancecommunicationbyenablingreal-timedataexchange.Internet-connectedcamerasenhancehomesecuritybyallowinghomeownerstomonitortheirpropertyremotely.KeysentencesCurrently,theElectronicProductCode(EPC)isthedominantstandardfordatacontainedinRFIDtagsforthepurposeofitem-leveltracking.(para5)目前，電子產(chǎn)品代碼（EPC）是射頻識(shí)別（RFID）標(biāo)簽中用于物品級(jí)別追蹤數(shù)據(jù)的主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Paraphrase:TheElectronicProductCode(EPC)currentlystandsastheprimarystandardfordatastoredinRFIDtagsusedforitem-leveltracking.KeywordsDominant/'d?m?n?nt/adj.moreimportant,powerfulornoticeablethanotherthingsIoThasbecomethedominantforceinshapingthecurrenttechnologylandscape.Wearablehealthtrackersarebecomingthedominantmethodformonitoringpersonalwell-being.KeysentencesRFIDalsoallowsdatacapturewithouttheneedforalineofsight.(para6)射頻識(shí)別技術(shù)使得在不需要（將設(shè)備與閱讀器）保持直接視線對(duì)準(zhǔn)的情況下，仍能夠進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的捕獲。Paraphrase:RFIDtechnologyalsomakesitpossibletoobtaindatawithouttheneedformaintainingadirectlineofsight.KeywordsCapture/'k?pt??/n/v.theactofputtingsthintoacomputerinaformitcanuseIoTsensorscancaptureinformationaboutproductstocklevelsinwarehousesforefficientrestocking.ThetechnologyofIoTcancaptureinformationaboutairqualityandpollutionlevelsinrealtime.2.EnglishforAcademicPurposesA.ReadingintheSQ3RSystemComponentsSurvey(S),Question(Q),Read,RecallandReview(3R)Thesefivestepsmayhelpyoutobecomeanactivereader.Theyarealsoespeciallyusefulinreadingacademictexts.TheSQ3RSystemProcessFirststep:SurveyWhensurveyingatext,youshouldlookatthetitle,section,headings,tables,graphsandimages.Ifyouarereadingapieceofacademicwriting,youshouldalsoscanitsabstract,keywords(orindexterms)andreferences.Surveyingsavesyoutime,sinceyoumaydecidewhetherthearticleisworthreading.TheSQ3RSystem

Task1

DirectionPleasesurvey“TaggingThings:RFID”andreporttotheclasswhatyouhavefound.

TheSQ3RSystemProcessSecondstep:QuestionAftersurveyingthetext,youshouldbegintoquestion.Thisstepmayhelpyouthink,insteadofpassivelyreadingthetextdirectly.Herearesomequestionsyoumayaskyourself:“WhatdoIalreadyknowaboutthis?”“WhatmoredoIneedtoknow?”Withthequestionsinmind,youcanchecktheanswersduringreading.TheSQ3RSystem

Task2

DirectionsBeforeyouread,pleaseanswerthefollowingquestions.

1.HaveyoueverheardofRFID?PleasewritedownyourcurrentunderstandingofRFID.

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2.Bytheendofthetext,thereisatablecomparingtraditionalbarcodeandRFID.Pleasewritedownthefunctionsoftraditionalbarcodes.

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3.Pleasewritedownyourownquestionsaftersurveyingthetext.

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TheSQ3RSystemProcessThirdstep:ReadInthisstep,youmayskimthearticleforageneralideaandscanitforspecificdetails.TheSQ3RSystem

Task3

DirectionsPleasedecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue,falseornotgivenaccordingtothetext.

1.RFIDhaslowercomputingandtrackingcapabilitiescomparedtoZigBee.

2.RFIDwasinventedbeforeradar.

3.Tagsarepowerhungry.Theyneedbatteries.

4.Readersarelargerandmoreexpensivethentags.

5.RFIDisusedtoenhanceindustrialefficiency.

6.Barcodescanonlyidentifyacategoryofproduct,butRFIDtagsgiveeachitemauniqueidentifier.

TheSQ3RSystemProcessFourthstep:RecallTorecallmeansto“remember”.Youcandothisatvariousstagesinreadingatext–forexample,inthecaseoflongertexts,afterreadingparagraphsand/orsections,youshouldcoverupthetextyouhavereadandtrytorememberthemainpoint.TheSQ3RSystem

Task4

DirectionsHereisatableadaptedfromthetextshowingacontrastbetweentraditionalbarcodeandRFID.Pleasedonotrefertothetext,andtryyourbesttofillintheblanksinthetable.

TheSQ3RSystemTheSQ3RSystemTraditionalbarcodesRFIDUniqueidentificationofindividualitems,allowingdatabasesofspecificitem/locationinformationtobegenerated,givingeachitemitsownidentityforreal-timeidentificationandtracking.Datacapturewithouttheneedforlineofsightorphysicalmanipulation.Datacanbesavedonlyonce.Holdlessdata.

Lesspotentialtointrudeonprivacy.Privacy-EnhancingTechnologiescanbeusedtokillorblocktags.ProcessFifthstep:ReviewAtthisstageyoushouldcheckthetextagaintomakesureyournotesareaccurateandyouhavewrittendowneverythingyouneedforthetext.TheSQ3RSystem

Task5

DirectionsNowyoucangobacktoreadthetextandcheckyouranswersofthetableintask4.

TheSQ3RSystem2.EnglishforAcademicPurposesB.Vocabulary:WordsintheContextKeyWordsandExpressionsVocabularyseamlessexponentialrawconceptualizeanalogousseminalemitforwarddormantpivotalaccurateenhancebladedominantcapture

TerminologyVocabularyRadio-frequencyidentification(RFID)n.無(wú)線射頻識(shí)別技術(shù)ZigBeen.紫蜂electromagneticenergyn.電磁能transpondern.發(fā)射機(jī)應(yīng)答器，詢問(wèn)機(jī)，轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)器coiln.線圈microwaveantennan.微波天線interrogatorn.詢問(wèn)機(jī)TerminologyVocabularymiddlewaren.中間件kilohertz(KHz)n.千赫f(shuō)requencyn.頻率identifiern.標(biāo)識(shí)符ElectronicProductCode(EPC)n.電子產(chǎn)品碼manipulationn.操作，操控Difficulty:NewWordsAcademicwritingaimstoconveycomplexideaswithprecision.Sometimes,existingwordsmightnotaccuratelycapturetheintendedmeaning.Introducingnewtermsallowswriterstobemorespecificintheirexplanations.Asfieldsevolveandnewtechnologiesemerge,existingterminologymightbecomeoutdatedorinsufficient.Introducingnewtermskeepsthelanguagecurrent.VocabularyTip:Understandingnewwords

withoutreferringtothedictionaryThereareseveralwaysyoucanunderstandnewwordswithoutreferringtothedictionary.Youmayguessthemeaningfromthecontextorfinddefinitionforwords.Inordertohelptheirreaders,manyauthorsexplainordefinenewtermsintheirwriting.Thelanguagecuesmaybeor,refersto,meansthat,isdefinedas,canbeexplainedas…VocabularyAnexampleistheword“transponder”.Youmayfinditsexplanationdirectlyfollowingtheword.VocabularyAtransponderortagtocarrydata,whichislocatedontheobjecttobeidentified.Thisnormallyconsistsofacouplingelement(suchasacoil,ormicrowaveantenna)andanelectronicmicrochip,lessthan1/3millimeterinsize.

Tip:Understandingnewwords

withoutreferringtothedictionary

Task1

DirectionsNowpleaselocatethedefinitionorexplanationforthefollowingwordsinthetext.

1.RFID

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2.radar

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3.interrogator

___________________________________________________Vocabulary

Task2WordBank

DirectionsPleasefillintheblankswiththewordslistedinthekeywordsandexpressionsboxabove.Youmayneedtochangetheformwhennecessary.

VocabularyVocabulary1.Chinaisalreadyatthefrontwhenitcomestoblurringlinesbetweensocialmedia,searchande-commerce,withsocialplatformslikeTencentintegrating________paymentandshoppingfunctions,allinsideonewalledgarden.2.Ihopethestart-upPrimetimeTourswillprovideconsumerswith_______informationaboutallthehousingoptionsavailabletothem.Understandingwhattheoptionsareandtheneedstheyfillisthefirststeptomakinganinformedchoice.3.Thesephotographs_______theessenceofworking-classlifeattheturnofthecentury.4.BarackObama’selectionasAmerica'sfirstblackpresidentremainsa_______momentinthecountry'shistory.5.Florian'sangerappearedfromnowhere,a_______volcanoragingintolife.Vocabulary6.Asanarchitect,you______,plananddevelopdesignsfortheconstructionandrenovationofcommercial,institutionalandresidentialbuildings.7.Communication,computer,andorganizationalskillsare______forthisjob.8.Marineconstructiontechnologylikethisisverycomplex,somewhat______totryingtobuildabridgeunderwater.9.Televisionwatchingcanbecomea______,deadeningactivityifadultsdonotguidetheirchildren'sviewingandfailtoteachchildrentowatchcriticallyandlearnfromwhattheywatch.10.Warmweatheralongwiththerightnutrients(營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì))inlakes,suchasphosphates(磷)fromagriculturalrunoff,createtheperfectenvironmentforthe______growthofblue-greenalgae(水藻),alsoknownasharmfulalgaeblooms.2.EnglishforAcademicPurposesC.Speaking(inacademicconferences)TipsStructureyourpresentationwithaclearintroduction,mainpoints,andaconclusion.Useheadingsorsectionstoguideyouraudiencethroughyourcontent.Introduceanynewterminologyandconcepts,andprovideclearexplanationstoensureyouraudienceunderstandsyourmaterial.Rehearseyourpresentationtoensureyoustaywithinyourallocatedtime.Practicingwillalsohelpyoubecomemorecomfortablewiththematerial.Speaking

Task1Presentingyourstudyinanacademicconference

DirectionsSupposeyouarearesearcheronIoT.YourrecentpaperonRFIDisacceptedbyamajoracademicconferencetobeheldinCalifornia.Accordingtotheinvitation,you