2023年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解滿分攻略+名校模擬專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練

專題01專攻閱讀理解專練議論文21篇原卷版

議論文解題攻略

議論文是英語(yǔ)中的重要文體，在閱讀理解中占有一定的比例。議論文就是說理性的文章，一股由論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)

和論證過程組成。議論文都要提出論題、觀點(diǎn)、提供允分的證據(jù)，使用一定的邏輯方法證明觀點(diǎn)或得出結(jié)論。

議論文涉及的論題具有生活化的特征，與社會(huì)生活密切相關(guān)。從命題I：看，議論文閱讀理解以考查細(xì)節(jié)理解

和推理判斷為主，偶爾考杳文章的主旨大意和作者的情感態(tài)度?？忌谄綍r(shí)的閱讀訓(xùn)練中要閱讀一定數(shù)量的議論

文，以了解和掌握議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)和行文特征。

【考情分析】

議論文涉及的論題具有生活化的特征，與社會(huì)生活密切相關(guān)。從命題上看，議論文閱讀理解以考查細(xì)節(jié)理解

和推理判斷為主，但不排除對(duì)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的考查?？忌谄綍r(shí)的閱讀訓(xùn)練中要閱讀一定數(shù)量的議論文，以了解和掌

握議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)和行文特征。

1.語(yǔ)言與結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)

議論文應(yīng)該觀點(diǎn)明確、論據(jù)充分、語(yǔ)言精練、論證合理、有嚴(yán)密的邏輯性。議論文通常采用三段論式的結(jié)構(gòu)，

即“提出問題（引論）一分析問題（本論）一解決問題（結(jié)論）由此可見，要理解議論文有兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，一是

要弄清文章的論點(diǎn)是什么、采用了哪些論據(jù)、如何論證；二是要理清其基本結(jié)構(gòu)一三段論式結(jié)構(gòu)。

2.答題誤區(qū)

議論文閱讀理解題易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)往往在于事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)的區(qū)分以及觀點(diǎn)本身。解題時(shí)，一要弄清哪些是所引述的事實(shí),

哪些是作者的觀點(diǎn)以及引述中不同人物的觀點(diǎn)；二要弄清作者真正的觀點(diǎn)是什么，既要考慮全文，又要重視結(jié)論

部分，謹(jǐn)防將文章中引述的某人的觀點(diǎn)和作者的觀點(diǎn)混為一談。

【解題秘籍】

一、抓住論點(diǎn)找主旨。

閱讀議論文最重要的是抓住文章的論點(diǎn)，找到文章的論點(diǎn)也就把握了文章的主旨。一般來說，作者會(huì)在開頭

段落交代文章的論點(diǎn)，因此，細(xì)讀文章首段尤為重要。

次論文多采用“倒三角形”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此“首段”和“段首”就是做題最大的要領(lǐng)，據(jù)此可以做好寫作意圖題、

主旨大意題和標(biāo)題推斷題。

二、理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)。

以論文一般采用“總分總”的結(jié)構(gòu)，作者先給出論點(diǎn)，然后從不同方面（正面，反面）進(jìn)行論證，最后給出

總結(jié)或者自己的觀點(diǎn)。文章中會(huì)出現(xiàn)較為明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折，遞進(jìn)，并列或者歸納總結(jié)等的邏輯關(guān)系詞?？忌陂喿x時(shí)，

要理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)，找到論點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)而理解作者給出的論據(jù)，突破細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推埋判斷題。

三、體會(huì)語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)。

能否正確把握作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度是體現(xiàn)閱讀能力的重要方面。一般來說，對(duì)作者的總的態(tài)度和傾向，必須在

通讀全文，掌握了論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)后，方能做出判斷。在判斷作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度時(shí)，我們應(yīng)注意，有時(shí)候作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)

度并不是明確地表達(dá)出來的，需要我們認(rèn)真體察。做推理判斷時(shí)，一定要遵循邏輯規(guī)律，以事實(shí)為依據(jù)進(jìn)行合理

的推理。

四、注意干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)。

①包含項(xiàng)原則

在答案選項(xiàng)分析中，假如對(duì)A選項(xiàng)的理解概括了對(duì)洪他三項(xiàng)（或其中某一項(xiàng)）的理解，那么我們就說選項(xiàng)A

與其他三項(xiàng)是包含或概括關(guān)系，包含項(xiàng)A往往就是正確答案。如在”花"與"玫瑰”兩選項(xiàng)中，正確答案肯定

是“花”，花包含了玫瑰。

②正反項(xiàng)原則

所謂正反項(xiàng)，是指兩選項(xiàng)陳述的命題完全相矛盾。兩個(gè)相互矛盾的陳述不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以，

假如四選項(xiàng)中A、B互為正反項(xiàng)，那我們通常先排除C、D項(xiàng)，正確答案?般在A、B項(xiàng)當(dāng)中。

③委婉項(xiàng)原則

所謂委婉，這里是指說話不能說死，要留有余地。閱讀理解選項(xiàng)中語(yǔ)氣平和、委婉的往往是王確答案。這些

選項(xiàng)一般含有不卜分肯定或試探性語(yǔ)氣的表達(dá),如：probably,possibly,may,usually,might,mostof,moreorless,

relatively,belikelyto,notnecessary,although,yet,inaddition,tendto等等，而含有絕對(duì)語(yǔ)氣的表達(dá)往往不是正確答

案，如：must,always,never,alLevery,any,merely,only,pletely,none,hardly,already等等。

④同形項(xiàng)原則

命題者往往先將正確答案設(shè)置在一個(gè)大命題范圍，然后通過語(yǔ)言形式的細(xì)微變化來考查考生的理解能力與分

析能力。同形項(xiàng)原則告訴我們：詞匯與句法結(jié)構(gòu)相似的選項(xiàng)中有正確答案的存在。

⑤常識(shí)項(xiàng)原則

議論文中，那些符合一般常識(shí)、意義深刻富有哲理、符合一般規(guī)律、屬于普遍現(xiàn)象的往往是正確答案。

⑥因果項(xiàng)原則

閱讀理解的邏輯推理基本都是通過因果鏈進(jìn)行的，前因后果，一步步循序漸進(jìn)。然而，在推理題的選項(xiàng)中，

有的選項(xiàng)會(huì)推理不到位（止于前因），或者推理過頭（止于后果），這就是所謂的干擾項(xiàng)。因果項(xiàng)原則啟示我們：假

如四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)互為同一事物推理過程中的因果關(guān)系，那么正確答案就是兩個(gè)因果項(xiàng)中的其中之一。如果因

項(xiàng)可產(chǎn)生兒個(gè)結(jié)果，那么答案就是因；如果果項(xiàng)可以對(duì)應(yīng)幾個(gè)原因，那么答案就是果。

議論文仿真試題演練

01（2023?江西撫州?聯(lián)考一模）OnTikTok,u#Selfcare,,has28.2billionviews,whilethehashtag（主題標(biāo)簽）canbe

foundonover66millionInstagramposts.Also,booksaboutselfcareof:entopmanypeoplesshoppinglists.

Onthesurface,itmakesplctesense.Whowouldn'tliketheideaofmakingoneselffecibetterardtakingcareof

theirmind,bodyandsoul?Yet,wchavetobecarefulnottoviewsclfcarcasacurcalisolutiontoourproblems.Sclfcarc

pursuedwithoutawarenessofyourspecificneedsandconsistentevaluationcancauseemotional,financial,mentaland

physicalconsequences.

AccordingtoZishanKhan,apsychologistwithMindpathHealth,selfcarecanleadtoapersonbeing

overwhelmed（不知所措的）whenmetwithaseaofadvice,emergingeverywherefiompodcaststoselthelpbooks.tkSo

don'tallowwhatotherssuggesttocloudyourinternalvoice,“saysKhan,"Selfcarecanonlybenefitapersonifit's

consistentwiththeirgoalsandvalues.”

Khanfurtheremphasizesthedangerofunregulatedphysicallyccntcrcdsclfcarcadvice,suchasfrominfluencers.

“Theircontentoftenoverlyfocusesorbeautyandimprovingone'slooks.Thiscanunintentionallyleadtobodyimage

concernsandthusactuallyworsenone'smentalhealth,5,shesays.

Anotherdangercanewhenselfcareactionsreachthelevelofobsessionoraddiction,saysMelissaBoudin,a

psychologistofChoosingTherapy."Whenyouspendalargeamountoftimethinkingaboutorpractisingacertain

selfcarebehavior,thismaybeasignthatselfcarehasgonefrombeneficialtoharmfill,Mshesays,usingtheexampleof

sclfcarcthroughhealthyeatingandthengoingsofarastodevelopaneatingdisorder.

LenaSuarezAngclino,alicensedclinicalsocialworker,remendscreatingalistofactivitiesthatmakeyoufeel

betterbutdon'toverextendyou.Worthwhileandbeneficialselfcaremayincludeanythingfromtimewithlovedonesto

walking.Ifyoucan'treallyaffordtobuydinnerforthefifthtimethisweek,that'snotit.

1.Whatdoesparagraph1mainlysuggest?

A.Selfcarepursuitneedsrestricting.

B.Onlineinteractionbeespopular.

C.Awarenessofpersonalneedsmatters.

D.Peopleattachmuchattentiontoselfcare.

2.WhatcandoharmtotheselfcarepracticeinZishanKhan'sopinion?

A.Beingopentonewselfcareideas.

B.Alwayskeepingyourgoalsinmind.

C.Takinguptoomanyresponsibilities.

D.Caringtoomuchaboutothers,advice.

3.WhydocsMelissaBoudinmentiontheexampleabouteatinginparagraph5?

A.Toproveaddictiontoselfcareactionscanbeharmful.

B.Towamphysicallycenteredselfcareadviceisuseless.

C.Toshowhowtomakeyourselffeelbetterinarightway.

D.Totellthereasonfbrpeople'sworryaboutothers'views.

4.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Tointroducethedangersofselfcareadvice.

B.Toencourageustoreadmoreselfhelpbooks.

C.Toremindustobecautioustopursueselfcare.

D.Todiscusssomewaystomakeourselvesbetter.

02（2023?山西太原?聯(lián)考預(yù)測(cè)）Mathandmusicarctwoentirelydifferentfieldsofstudy,buttlicrcisastrong

relevancebetweenthem.Atsomepoint,theytend（ooverlap,anditismonfbrpeoplegoodatmathtobegoodatmusic.

1（mayseemillogicaltopare（hetwo,butiherearemoresimilaritiesbetweenmathandmusicthanyouwouldimagine.

Numberscantellusmoreaboutmusic.Soundsstrangebutit'strje.Musicisdividedintosectionsthatarecalled

measures,whereeachmeasurehasequalamountsofbeats.Thisisparabletomathematicaldivisionsoftime.Now,each

pieceofmusicwilltellushowmanybeatsthereareineachmeasure.Allthemusicnoteshavenumericalconnections

andanumberofbeats.Itisimportanttounderstandthevalueoffractions（分?jǐn)?shù)）andnotestocountthemusiccorrectly.

Thebiggestsimilaritybetweenmathandmusicinpattern.Forexample,musichasrepeatingchoruseswhilemath

usespatternstoexplain（heunknown.Youcanusedifferentmathematicalphenomenainmusic.Theseincludegeometry

（幾何學(xué)），signalprocessing,etc.Infact,researchhasshownthatwhenmusicshowssomemathematicalstructure,it

tendstobemorepopular.

Inadditiontotheirsharedelements,mathandmusiccanbetaughtusingtheprinciplesofboth.Astudentwho

enjoysmathandmusiccanbenefitfromboth.Forexample,musiccamenhancecognitionandreasoningskills.For

instance,Einsteinlistenedtomusicwhensolvingmathproblemstoincreaseclarity.Similarly,playingmusiccan

improvecognition,asitincreasesmunicationbetweenthetwobrains.

Musicisagatewaytomanythings,anduntilnow,youprobablydidn'trealizethatit'sjustasdemanding,analytical,

logicalandscientificasmath.Somethingassimpleaslearning“MaryHadaLittleLamb''onthepianoisactuallysetting

yourchildupfbrbiggerandbetterthings;maybethey*11pickupPythagoras（畢達(dá)哥拉斯）inaflash,maybethey'llbea

geniusinmath,perhapsthey'llonedaydiscovertheirowntheoryofrelativity.

5.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutmathandmusic?

A.Mathandmusicarcdeeplyintertwined.

B.Musicisatotallydifferentsubjectfrommath.

C.Itsoundsreasonabletoparemathandmusic.

D.Peopleexpertatmathalltendtobemusiclovers.

6.What,smainlyabouttheparagraph2?

A.Measureisapieceofmusic.B.Mathhelpsinreadingmusic.

C.Musicsoundappearsstrange.D.Musicbeatsequaltomathnumbers.

7.Whatstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

A.Patternsaremoninbothmathandmusic.

B.Certainmusicskillsarepractisedviachoruses.

C.Musicprincipleseemseasierthanmathematics.

D.Reasoningskillsinmathchieflyrelyonmusic.

8.Whatmessagedocsthelastparagraphconvey?

A.Musicalinvolvementpromotestobeagenius.

B.Musicallowskidstobinemathwithpiano.

C.Musicofferskidspotentialsuccessinmathematics.

D.Musicmayenhancethemathematicsskillsofallkids.

03（2023春?廣東廣州?高三聯(lián)考）Asapcnnaculturcdesignerandconsultant,Ihavebeeninvolvedwitharangeof

ecosystemrestorationprojects.Theseincludebothsmallscaleandlandscapescaleprojectstorepairdamagetodegraded

environments,boostbiodiversity,andbuildtowardabetterfuture.

Iliscleartome,asitwillnodoubtbecleartoreaders,thatecosystemrestorationiscrucial.Asweseektoeaseand

adapttoclimatechange,andworktoreverse（逆轉(zhuǎn)）biodiversitylosses,restorationisanimportantpartoftheglobal

solution.Butwhileitiswidelyunderstoodthatecosystemrestorationistherightthingtodo,thereisfarless

understandingaboutwhatexactlyitmeans,andhowitistobeachieved.

Oneofthemostobviousmisunderstandingsaboutecosystemrestorationisthatitisallaboutaction,especially

plantingtrees.Itisimportanttounderstand（hatforestandwoodlandecosystemsarenottheonlycrucialenvironmentsto

restore.Ecosystemrestorationconsistsofahugerangeofdifferentsystemsfromfarmlandsoilsandgrasslandsystemsto

ourseasandoceans.

Ecosystemrestorationisnotalwaysaboutactivelyintervening（干預(yù)）.Inmanyinstances,passiveinterventioncan

bejustaseffective,ifnotmoreso,thanactive.Thisinvolvessimplylettingnaturetakethereins（掌管）.Inshort,in

ecosystemrestoration,whatwcdon,tdocanbeasimportantaswhat\vcdo.Oftennaturealreadyhasiheanswers.But

therearesituationsinwhichhumanshavedamagedtheenvironmenttosuchadegreethatnaturalrestorationis

impossible.Thisiswhencarefullydesignedactionisrequired.

Anotherkeythingtorememberisthatwecannotsucceedinecosystemrestorationwithoutlocalpeople's

involvementonideally,theirleadership.Whenamunityfeelsasenseofbelongingandadeepconnectionwiththeland,

thisprovidesafirmfoundationforfutureconservationandrestorationwork.

WhileIdisliketakinganoverlyhumancenteredview,environmencalissuescannotbeseparatedinourplexmodern

worldfromsocioeconomicones.Weneedtolookatpeopleandtheplanetasawholeandappreciatetheplexwebof

humanlifeanditsinteractionwith(henaturalworldinordertoformpracticalrestorationsolutions.Itisimportantto

understandhownaturecanboomandstillprovidehumanswiththethingsweneed.Itisonlywhenweconsiderthe

natundenvironmentandhumansocietyasinterconnectedthatwecanreallycontinuetomakeprogress.

9.Whichshowstheproperunderstandingofecosystemrestoration?

A.munityledeffortsshouldbereduced.

B.Ecosystemrestorationinvolvesavarietyofsystems.

C.D:rectactiononforestecosystemsshouldbeavoided.

D.Themoretreesweplant,thebettertheecosystemswillbe.

10.Inwhatcaseisactiveintenentionamust?

A.Naturefailstorestoreitselftohealth.

B.Thecostofpassiveinterventionishigh.

C.Alargepopulationreliesonnaturalresources.

D.Activeinterventioncanimprove(helocaleconomy.

11.Accordingtothelastparagraphwhatshouldbedonetomakepracticalrestorationplans?

A.Focusingontheinterestsofushumans.

B.Makingnatureconservationatoppriority..

C.Conductingasurveyoflocalnaturalresources.

D.Takingbothsocialfactorsandnatureintoaccount.

12.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthetext?

A.Howpeoplecanbenefitfromecosystemrestoration.

B.Whatchallengepeoplefaceinecosystemrestoration.

C.Howwecanrepairdamagedecosystemsmoreeffectively.

D.Whyecosystemrestorationbeesincreasinglyurgent.

04（2023?陜西咸陽(yáng)?統(tǒng)考一模）Meuroscienlists（神經(jīng)科學(xué)家）nowknowthatbrainmaturation（成熟）occursfar

laterthanpreviouslythought.Greatchangesinbrainarestilltakingplaceduringyoungadulthood,especiallyinthe

regionsthatareimportantfbrplanningahead,expectingthefutureresultsofone'sdecisions,andparingriskandreward.

Indeed,somebrainregionsdonotreachfullmaturityuntiltheearly20s.Shouldthisnewknowledgemakeusrethink

wherewcdrawlegalboundariesbetweenkidsandadults?

Maybe.Butit'snotassimpleasitseemsfbrtworeasons.

First,differentbrainregionsmaturealongwithdifferenttimetables.Thereisnosingleageatwhichtheadolescent

brainbeesanadultbrain.Systemsresponsibleforlogicalreasoningmaturewhenpeopleare16,butthoseinvolvedin

selfregulationarestilldevelopinginyoungadulthood.Thisiswhy16yearoldsarejustascapableasadultswhenitesto

permittinginformedmedicalpapers,butarestillimmatureinwaysthatreducetheircriminalresponsibility,asthe

SupremeCourthasnotedinseveralrecentcases.Usingdifferentagesfordifferentlegalboundariesseeinsstrange,butit

wouldmakeneuroscientificsenseifw?diditreasonably.

Second,sciencehasneverhadmuchinfluenceonthesedecisions.Ifitdid,wewouldn'thavelivedinasocietythat

allowsteenagerstodrivebefore（heycanbuybeer.Ageboundariesaredrawnmainlyfbrpoliticalreasons,notscientific

ones.IfsapitythatNeurosciencewon'thavemuchofanimpactonpoliticsalthoughitisalwayscorrect.

Childrenaresochangeableintheirgrowthandhowculturesunderstandchilddevelopmentissodifferent.Itis

pointlesstotrytodeterminethe“right"ageofmaturation.TheDutch,forexample,allowchildrentodrinkalcoholatthe

ageof16butnottodriveuntiltheyarc19.EvenifIfirmlybelievelegaldecisionsshouldrefertoNcuroscicnccseriously

andit'sagoodideatolowerthedrinkingageandraisethedrivingageintheUS,Irecognizethatthegovernmentmight

neveracceptit.

13.Whatcanwelearnaboutbrainmaturationaccordingto（hepassage?

A.All（hebrainareasbeematureatthesametime.

B.Scientists'brainmaturesmuchearlierthanpoliticians,.

C.Theregioninchargeoflogicalreasoningisn'tmatureuntil18.

D.Thetimeofbrainmaturationisnotasearlyasthoughtbefore.

14.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsNeuroscience?

A.Favorable.B.Skeptical.C.Indifferent.D.Intolerant.

15.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.ItsillegalfbraDutchboytodriveattheageof16.

B.ThecultureoftheDutchismuchbetterthantheUSA.

C.It'sofgreatvaluetodeterminetherightageofmaturation.

D.Theinfluenceofscienceonlawandpolicymakingisverybig.

16.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.ShouldChildrenLearnfromCapableAdults?

B.CanNeuroscienceCreateMatureScientists?

C.ShouldNeuroscienceAffectLawDecisions?

D.CanChildrenDriveandDrinkBeerLikeAdults?

05（2023春?江蘇?高三開學(xué)考試）WhilethebenefitsofZoomandothervideoconferencingtoolsmadethem

absolutelyessentialinthepandemic（疫情），theresearchsuggeststhatheavyrelianceonthetechnologyesatacostto

creativethinking.

BrucksatColumbiaUniversityandherteamstartedtheirinvestigationwhenmanagersreportedhavingtrouble

innovatingwithremoteworkers.Brucksdoubtedwhethervideoconferencingwasafactor,suspectingthatdifficulties

coordinating（協(xié)調(diào)）large,globalteamsonlinemightbetoblameinstead.

lbfindout,theresearchersanalysedideasfbrnewproductsgeneratedby1,490engineersforamultinationalpany.

Theengineers,whowereinFinland.Hungary,India,IsraelandPortugal,wererandomlypairedupandgivenanhouror

sotobrainstormproductseitherinpersonorovervideoconferencing.Theythenselectedtheirbestidea.

WritinginNature,theresearchersreportthattheengineersproducedmoreideas,andmoreinnovativeideas,when

workingfacetoface.WfcTheyarenotonlygeneratingalargernumberofcreativeideas,buttheirbestideaisbetter,''

Bruckssaid.Virtualteamswerejustasgoodatselectingthebestideasfromabunchasthosethatmetinperson.

“Visualfocusisahugeponentofcognitive（認(rèn)知）focus.Whenyou'refocusedonthescreenandignoringtherest

oftheenvironment,thatafleetshowyouapproachthelask,“saidBrucks."Il'suniquelybadfbrcreativitybecauseit's

inhibilingbroaderexploration.”

Bruckssaidtheimpactontherealworld“couldbehuge"，leadingtoadivisionoflabourbetweenfacetofaceand

virtualmeetingsthatcould^permanentlyreshapetheofficeandworkschedules”.Butsheurgedbusinessestobe

cautious,becauseifvirtualmeetingsarecheaperthaninpersonones,theymaystillbemorecosteffective.

Askedfbrtips,Bruckssaidpeoplecouldsavemorecreativetasksfbrinpersonmeetings,orturnofftheircamera

wheningupwithideas.4tIthinkitunlocksmorecreativethinking,shesaid.

17.WhydidBrucksconducttheresearch?

A.Toproveherassumption.B.Toclarifyanewconcept.C.Tomakeaparison.D.Toexplaina

rule.

18.Whatisthefindingoftheresearch?

A.Facetofacegatheringspromotecrossculturcties.B.Workersthinklesscreativelyinvirtualmeetings.

C.Individualworkgeneratesmoreinnovativeideas.D.Videoconferencinghasanirreplaceablerole.

19.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"inhibiting''inparagraph5mean?

A.Encouraging.B.Requiring.C.Beginning.D.Preventing.

20.WhatdoesBruckssayaboutvirtualmeetings?

A.Theyshouldbeusedaccordingly.B.They'llmakeofficeworkersdivided.

C.They511givewaytoinpersonmeetings.D.Theyhelpbusinessesrunmoreefficiently.

06（2023秋?江蘇常州?高三統(tǒng)考期末）Personally,thereisnothingIlovemorethanasking“stupid”questions,

especiallytheonesthathavenorightanswers.1rememberonceaskingsomekidswhattimeilwas,athome,in

Singapore,andfinallyontheMoon.Afteralonggigglingsilence,finallyashygirlventured（試探地說）tosaythatit

was“everytime“followedbyanenergeticEinsteinwhoshouteditwas“notime”.Bothkidssharedthatweek'sNoble

Prize,becausenohumansliveinthatdistantworldandtimeisahumanconstruct.

Asamatteroffact,wearcallgoodataskingquestionsbynature,butsadlyasweage,wegetaccustomedtothe

worldaroundusandtakethingsforgranted.Webecamemoreresultsoriented（注重結(jié)果的）andconcentrateourefforts

onsuccess.Ifsomethingisworking,don'tfixitorworryaboutthecause;justrelaxandgowiththeflow.Conventional

wisdommayworkwell,butthatdoesnotmeanilisalwaysright.Throughouthistory,ithasbeenthosewhohave

questionedconventionalwisdomandthosewhohavechallengedournionsensenotionsoftheworldthathavebeenthe

onestohaveusheredin（開）themajoradvancementsofhumancivilization.

In500BC,theancientGreekswonderedwhethertheEarthwasroundbecausesailorsontheseahadnoticedthat

thefarthersouththeywent,themoredifferentstarstheysawinthesky.Whywastheskychanging?Nearly2,0（）0years

later,theItalianastronomerGalileoGalileibecameinterestedinthisquestionandendedupdemonstratingthe“crazy”

conceptofheliocentrism（日心說），inwhich（heSunliesatthecenteroftheuniversewhile（heEarthrevolves（旋轉(zhuǎn)）

arounditat30kilometerspersecond.ButiftheEarthisspinningaroundsoquickly,whyaren'twebeingthrownoffof

thesurfaceoftheplanet?Theanswertothisquestionwouldnotendupbeingrevealedtousforanothercentury.

Peoplelikeroutine,butpastperformanceisnoguaranteeoffutureresults.Whilethosewhochallengeconventional

wisdomtendtobesubjectedtoabuse,theprogressofhumankindwouldhaveotherwisebeenimpossiblewithoutthese

persistentpeopleandtheir4tstupid''questions.

21.Whatisthebesttitleofthisarticle?

A.Asking<<stupid^^questions.

B.Isconventionalwisdomuseless?

C.Somenicijoradvancementsofhumancivilization

D.Whatcausedthemtoaskconventionalquestions?

22.Whatmonlyhappenstouswhenwegrowolderaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Welaytoomuchemphasisonprocess.

B.Westillrefusetorelaxandgowiththeflow.

C.Westarttochallengemonsensenotionsoftheworld

D.Wegraduallylosetheabilitytoquestionconventionalwisdom.

23.Whomighthavesolvedthequestion“whyaren'twcbeingthrownoffofthesurfaceoftheplanet?”

A.AnancientGreekscientistlivingin5（X）BC

B.GalileoGalileilivingbetween1564and1642.

C.IsaacNewtonlivingbetween1643and1727.

D.AlbertEinsteinlivingbetween1879and1955.

24.Howdoestheauthordevelophiswritingonthewhole?

A.Byparisonandcontrast.

B.Byusingsupportingexamples.

C.Byusingtimeandspaceorder.

D.Bygeneralizationanddefinition

07（2023春?河北?高三聯(lián)考）Eventhoughpeoplehavebeenparalyzed（癱瘓的）playingsportslikerugbyand

football,extremesportstakethewholeordeal（磨難）tothenextlevel.Sportslikedownhillcyclingareveiydangerous

becauseonewouldbegoingdownhill,overrockyordirtzone,throughforests,evenatpotentiallydeadlyspeeds.Aslip

upcouldbeyourdownfall.

Nobodywhogetsintoextremesportsgoeswiththedesiretodohanntothemselves.Withthat,athletestrainfor

yearsandyearsbeforetheyattemptanythingextreme.Tomostpeople,extremesportsareextremesimplybecausethey

takemoreskillthanwhatanaveragepersonhas.Anathletewithskillandtrainingmakesanextremethingbeeadaily

routine.Thatdoesnotwipeoutthedanger,butitgreatlyreducesit.

Evenwhenthereisalotofskillinvolved,thingsmightnotgotheathlete'sway,notatall.Luckandcircumstances

havealottodowithhowthingsdevelop,whetherabove8（X）0metersorinawood,goingdownhill.Insomeplaces,

crossingthestreetisanextremesport,consideringhowwildtrafficcanget.

Someviewparkour—thesportsofrunning,jumpingandclimbingunder,aroundandthroughbuildings-asan

extremesport,whileitismoreofalifephilosophy,wheretheathletedoesnothavetodoanythingremotelydangerous.

Freesoloing,whichmeansclimbingarockoricefacewithoutsafetygear,isabsolutelydeadly,whereoneslipmeans

almostcertaindeath,dependingontheheight,ofcourse.Skateboardingisrelativelysafe,butifyouconstantlyfind

ridiculousplacestopracticeon,likethefenceofabridge,thenthingscangetveryplicated.Theextremepartdependson

theathlete.

Tosummarize,yes,extremesportsaredangerous,butthedangerdependsontheathlete,theirchoiceofsport,

directioninwhichtheytakeit,aswellasthecircumstances.Somethingsareoutofourreachofcontrol,whileotherswe

caninfluencethroughexerciseandhealthierriskchoices.

25.WhyisdownhillcyclingmentionedinParagraph1?

A.Tocallforattentiontoextremesports.

B.Tointroducetheoriginofextremesports.

C.Toillustratethedangerofextremesports.

D.Toshowtheplexityoftheextremesports.

26.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkaboutregardingextremesports?

A.Extremesportsdifferfromoneanother.

B.Skillmattersalotinmaintainingsafety.

C.Athlete'sluckisakeyfactorthatinfluencessafety.

D.Extremesportsaremoredangerousthanregularsports.

27.Whichwouldbestdescribetheauihor'sattitudetowardsthedangerofextremesports?

A.Doubtful.B.Objective.

C.Intolerant.D.Uninterested.

28.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

A.DoExtremeSportsTestYourCourage?

B.WhyShouldExtremeSportsBeBanned?

C.WhyDoWeLoveExtremeSportssoMuch?

D.AreExtremeSportsReallyThatDangerous?

08（2022秋?湖北武漢?高三統(tǒng)考期末）IwasnotworriedabouttheAmericaneducationsystemuntilafterIstarted

writingacolumn,becausethat'swhenIfoundoutthereareEnglishteacherswhoassignmycolumnasreadingmaterial.

IregularlygetemailsfromstudentsaskingaboutmyuseofwritingtechniquesandotherthingsI'veneverheardof.To

whichIrespond,t4Transfer（轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)）highschoolsimmediately!ToonethatteachesShakespeareandHomerinsteadofthe

thoughtfulmentaryofafirstratemodemwisdom!Also,don'tdodrugs!”

IcanexpecttobesendingmoreoftheseemailsbecauseofihemonCoreStateStandards（共同核心國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）,

whichpublicschoolsareencouragedtofollow.Thenewcurriculumstandardsdramaticallyshiftabouthalfthenation's

highschoolEnglishreadingliststowardanemphasisonnonfiction.Inaspeechlastyear,DavidColeman,thenew

presidentoftheCollegeBoard,whowasoneofthechiefcreatorsofthemonCore,said,“Itisrareinaworking

environmentthatsomeonesays,'Johnson,IneedamarketanalysisbyFriday,butbeforethatIneedavividaccountof

yourchildhood.Iagreewiththis,butnoonehaseveraskedmefbramarketanalysis.

Coleman'sideaisthatbyreadingclear,tightlystructurednonfiction,kidswillleamhowtowriteclear,tightly

structurednonfiction.Andindeed,thefirsttimeIwriteinanewformattravelessay,screenplay,apologyemailIreada

bunchofexamples.ButwhenIwantmywritingtoimprove,Ireadsomethingthatforcesmetothinkaboutwords

differently:anovel,apoem,aGeorgeW.Bushspeech.Fictionteachesyouhowtotellastory,whichishowwcexpress

andremembernearlyeverything.Anyway,schoolisn'tmerelytrainingfbrwork;it'strainingfbrmunicationthroughout

ourlives.

29.Howdidtheauthorfeelafterhiscolumnwasusedasstudents'assignment?

A.Proud.B.Satisfied.C.Concerned.D.Disappointed.

30.WhatshouldhighschoolsdoaccordingtoDavidColeman?

A.Stressnonfiction.

B.Readmorefiction.

C.Teachmarketanalysis.

D.Encouragewriting.

31.WhydoesthewriterturntoaGeorgeW.Bushspeech?

A.Tocreatewords.B.Tobetterhiswriting.

C.Totellastory.D.Tofollowtheformat.

32.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Theshiftofteachingtechniques.

B.ThetrendofreadingShakespeare.

C.Theeffectsofthenewcurriculumstandards.

D.TheproblemwithAmericaneducationsystem.

09