高一上學(xué)期建筑與英語(yǔ)再思考試題第一部分建筑術(shù)語(yǔ)英譯與應(yīng)用（共40分）一、單詞拼寫(xiě)（每空1分，共10分）請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出"承重墻"的英文單詞：________（答案：load-bearingwall）請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出"混凝土"的英文單詞：________（答案：concrete）請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出"哥特式建筑"的英文表述：________（答案：Gothicarchitecture）請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出"藍(lán)圖"的英文單詞：________（答案：blueprint）請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出"地基"的英文單詞：________（答案：foundation）請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出"穹頂"的英文單詞：________（答案：dome）請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出"腳手架"的英文單詞：________（答案：scaffolding）請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出"對(duì)稱"的英文單詞：________（答案：symmetry）請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出"可持續(xù)設(shè)計(jì)"的英文表述：________（答案：sustainabledesign）請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出"室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)師"的英文單詞：________（答案：interiordesigner）二、短語(yǔ)翻譯（每空2分，共10分）請(qǐng)將"綠色建筑材料"翻譯成英文：________（答案：greenbuildingmaterials）請(qǐng)將"建筑法規(guī)"翻譯成英文：________（答案：buildingregulations）請(qǐng)將"歷史保護(hù)建筑"翻譯成英文：________（答案：historicpreservationarchitecture）請(qǐng)將"抗震結(jié)構(gòu)"翻譯成英文：________（答案：seismic-resistantstructure）請(qǐng)將"空間利用率"翻譯成英文：________（答案：spaceutilizationrate）三、句子翻譯（每題5分，共20分）這座圖書(shū)館的設(shè)計(jì)融合了現(xiàn)代主義與傳統(tǒng)中式元素，其玻璃幕墻與木質(zhì)格柵形成鮮明對(duì)比。（參考答案：ThedesignofthislibraryintegratesmodernismwithtraditionalChineseelements,wheretheglasscurtainwallcontrastssharplywiththewoodengrille.）建筑師在規(guī)劃階段必須考慮當(dāng)?shù)貧夂驐l件對(duì)建筑能耗的影響。（參考答案：Architectsmustconsidertheimpactoflocalclimateconditionsonbuildingenergyconsumptionduringtheplanningphase.）羅馬萬(wàn)神殿的穹頂結(jié)構(gòu)展示了古羅馬人卓越的工程技術(shù)。（參考答案：ThedomestructureofthePantheoninRomedemonstratestheoutstandingengineeringskillsoftheancientRomans.）隨著城市化進(jìn)程加快，越來(lái)越多的高層建筑出現(xiàn)在城市天際線上。（參考答案：Withtheaccelerationofurbanization,moreandmorehigh-risebuildingshaveappearedontheurbanskyline.）第二部分建筑文化閱讀理解（共30分）閱讀以下短文，回答問(wèn)題（每題6分）Passage:TheEvolutionofSkyscrapersSkyscrapers,theiconsofmodernurbanlandscapes,haveundergonesignificantevolutionsincethelate19thcentury.TheHomeInsuranceBuildinginChicago,completedin1885,iswidelyregardedastheworld'sfirstskyscraper,featuringasteel-framestructurethatallowedittoreachaheightof138feet.Thisinnovationrevolutionizedconstructionbyenablingtallerbuildingswithgreaterstability.Intheearly20thcentury,ArtDecoarchitecturedominatedskyscraperdesign,characterizedbygeometricpatterns,boldcolors,andverticallines.TheChryslerBuildinginNewYork(1930)exemplifiesthisstylewithitsstainlesssteelspireanddecorativecrown.However,themid-20thcenturysawashifttowardInternationalStyle,whichemphasizedsimplicity,functionality,andtheuseofglassandsteel.TheSeagramBuilding(1958),designedbyMiesvanderRohe,becameasymbolofthismovementwithitsminimalistfacadeandopenfloorplans.Today,sustainabledesignhasbecomeacoreprincipleinskyscraperconstruction.TheBurjKhalifainDubai,thetallestbuildingintheworld,incorporatesfeaturessuchasdouble-glazedwindowstoreduceheatgainandacondensaterecoverysystemtorecyclewater.Theseadvancementsreflecttheindustry'scommitmenttoaddressingenvironmentalchallengeswhilepushingtheboundariesofarchitecturalpossibility.Questions:WhatstructuralinnovationallowedtheHomeInsuranceBuildingtoberecognizedasthefirstskyscraper?（參考答案：Itssteel-framestructure,whichprovidedgreaterstabilityandenabledincreasedheight.）HowdidArtDecoarchitectureinfluencethedesignofearly20th-centuryskyscrapers?（參考答案：Itintroducedgeometricpatterns,boldcolors,andverticallines,asseenintheChryslerBuilding'sstainlesssteelspireanddecorativecrown.）WhataretwokeyfeaturesoftheInternationalStyleinskyscraperdesign?（參考答案：Simplicity,functionality,extensiveuseofglassandsteel,andminimalistfacades.）HowdoestheBurjKhalifademonstratesustainabledesignprinciples?（參考答案：Itusesdouble-glazedwindowstoreduceheatgainandacondensaterecoverysystemtorecyclewater,addressingenvironmentalchallenges.）Comparethestructuralmaterialsusedin19th-centuryand21st-centuryskyscrapers,andexplainoneadvantageofmodernmaterials.（參考答案：19th-centuryskyscrapersreliedonsteelframes,while21st-centurybuildingsincorporateadvancedmaterialslikereinforcedconcreteanddouble-glazedglass.Modernmaterialsofferimprovedenergyefficiencyanddurability,suchasreducingheattransferinglassstructures.）第三部分建筑案例分析與寫(xiě)作（共30分）一、案例分析（15分）閱讀以下關(guān)于福建土樓的描述，用英語(yǔ)回答問(wèn)題：FujianTulou:AUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteFujianTulouaretraditionalcircularorsquarefortifieddwellingsbuiltbytheHakkapeopleinsouthernChina.Constructedbetweenthe12thand20thcenturies,theseearthenstructuresfeaturethickwallsmadeoframmedearth,wood,andbamboo.Atypicaltuloucanhouseupto800people,withcommunalfacilitiessuchasancestralhalls,granaries,andwells.ThelayoutreflectsConfucianvaluesoffamilyunityandhierarchy,withroomsarrangedaroundacentralcourtyard.In2008,FujianTulouwasinscribedontheUNESCOWorldHeritageListforits"exceptionaltestimonytoatraditionalhumansettlementandlandusesystem."Questions:WhatmaterialswereusedtobuildFujianTulou?（參考答案：Rammedearth,wood,andbamboo.）Howdoesthelayoutoftuloureflectculturalvalues?（參考答案：ThecommunallayoutwithacentralcourtyardandsharedfacilitiesreflectsConfucianvaluesoffamilyunityandhierarchy.）WhywasFujianTuloudesignatedasaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite?（參考答案：Itwasrecognizedforitsexceptionaltestimonytoatraditionalhumansettlementandlandusesystem.）二、寫(xiě)作任務(wù)（15分）以"ModernArchitectureandCulturalIdentity"為題，寫(xiě)一篇150-200詞的短文，討論現(xiàn)代建筑如何平衡全球化設(shè)計(jì)與本土文化傳承。需包含以下要點(diǎn)：全球化對(duì)建筑風(fēng)格的影響（如國(guó)際風(fēng)格的普及）本土文化元素在現(xiàn)代建筑中的體現(xiàn)（舉1-2個(gè)例子）你對(duì)未來(lái)建筑發(fā)展方向的建議參考范文：ModernArchitectureandCulturalIdentityGlobalizationhasledtothespreadofinternationalarchitecturalstyles,characterizedbyglass,steel,andminimalistdesign,whichsometimesovershadowlocaltraditions.However,manyarchitectsnowstrivetointegrateculturalidentityintomodernbuildings.Forexample,theNationalCentreforthePerformingArtsinBeijing,nicknamedthe"GiantEgg,"combinesacontemporarytitanium-and-glassdomewithtraditionalChineseconceptsofharmonybetweenmanandnature.Similarly,theLouvreAbuDhabifeaturesa"rainoflight"ceilinginspiredbyArabicgeometricpatterns,blendingglobalmodernismwithregionalheritage.Tobalanceglobalizationandcultural傳承,futurearchitectureshouldprioritizecontext-sensitivedesign.Architectscanstudylocalmaterials,historicalmotifs,andclimateneedstocreatebuildingsthattellstoriesoftheirplace.Bydoingso,modernstructureswillnotonlyservefunctionalpurposesbutalsopreserveculturaldiversityinaninterconnectedworld.第四部分跨學(xué)科實(shí)踐題（共10分）建筑與數(shù)學(xué)綜合應(yīng)用（10分）AGothiccathedralhasarosewindowwithadiameterof12meters.Calculatetheareaofthewindowusingtheformula(A=\pir^2)(π≈3.14).（