考點(diǎn)13定語(yǔ)從句

在知空導(dǎo)圖

在重存考向

一向一，定語(yǔ)從句的基本概念及其功能意義

我們先看以下幾個(gè)句子：

(1)Thisishisbook.

(2)Pleaseturnonthatgreenlight.

(3)Doyoulikethebeautifulflowers?

在這些句子中的book,light,flowers前面的修飾語(yǔ)只是簡(jiǎn)單詞，它們對(duì)后面的幾個(gè)名詞起一種修

飾作用。那如果要表達(dá)以下幾個(gè)句子又該怎么辦呢？

(1)我昨天買的迂本在不葆。

(2)住在我隔壁的這個(gè)人是賣菜的。

(3)那是他們?nèi)ツ曜〉牡茏印?/p>

(4)小明還記得他第一次來(lái)廣州那天。

這時(shí)，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，只用簡(jiǎn)單詞來(lái)做修飾語(yǔ)還不行，有的時(shí)候需要用句子來(lái)表達(dá)意思：

(1):Thisbook(ihal/which)Iboughlyeslerdayisnutexpensive.

(2):Themanthat/wholivesnexttomesellsvegetables.

(3):Thatisthehousewheretheylivedlaslyear.

(4):XiaomingstillremembersthedaywhenhefirstcameioGuangzhou.

這些斜體部分的句子就是定語(yǔ)從句。我們把在復(fù)合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的句子稱之為

定語(yǔ)從句。上面四句中的book,man,house,day是定語(yǔ)從句被修飾的詞，叫作先行詞,用來(lái)引

導(dǎo)從句的that,which,who叫作差系代詞(一般情況下，定語(yǔ)從句放在先行詞后面),where,when

叫作關(guān)系副詞。

考向二：定語(yǔ)從句的構(gòu)成及類別

關(guān)系主語(yǔ)(1)Thehousethatwasbuiltin1987stayedupinthe

代詞That人，物賓語(yǔ)earthquake.

(2)TheteacherthatteachesusisateacherofEnglish.

賓語(yǔ)(1)Theyplantedsometreeswhichdidn'tneedmuch

Which物主語(yǔ)water,(which在從句中作主語(yǔ))

(2)Thefish(which)weboughtwerenotfresh.

(which在從句中作賓語(yǔ))

Who人主語(yǔ)Themenwhovisitedourclassyesteixiayisfrom

賓語(yǔ)Canada.(who在從句中作主語(yǔ))

*Who人賓語(yǔ)Theman(whom)youjusttalkedtoisMr.Li.

m(whom在從句中作賓語(yǔ))

Whos人，物定語(yǔ)(1)1knowaboywhosemotherisateacherinour

eschool.

(2)Helikethehookwhoseisapicture..

注：在whose后面，一定要有名詞，因?yàn)樗鸬蕉?/p>

語(yǔ)的作用，用來(lái)修飾名詞。

as人，物主語(yǔ)ThisisasamepenasIlostyesterday.

賓語(yǔ)Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.

關(guān)系Where地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)ThefactorywherehisfatherworksisIthewestofthe

副詞city.

Why原因狀語(yǔ)Thereasonwhyyouwerelatewasunbelievable.

When時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.

【即學(xué)即練】

1.Thefactorymyfriendworksisfarfrommyhome.

A.whenB.whereC.whichD.what

2.Thefactorymyfriendvisitedlastyearisfarfrommyhome.

A.whenB.whereC.whichD.what

3.1won'tfbrgctthedayIwasborn.

A.thatB.whenC.whichD.inwhich

4.1won'tforgetthedayIspentinNanHuaTemplethreedaysago

A.thatB.whenC.whatD.onthat

考向三：定語(yǔ)從句中幾個(gè)須注意的問(wèn)題I

（一）關(guān)于“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)

我們還是先看幾個(gè)句子：

1.ThepersonwhomyoushouldwritetoisMr.Brown.

2.Thathousethattheyarelivinginbelongstome.

3.ThedaywhichmysisterwasbomonisMarch,1999.

4.SheshowedmeIhedictionarywhichshepaidalotmoneyfor.

5.Themanwhomyouspoketolastnightismyfather.

考慮一下，把上述五句的介詞去掉可否？當(dāng)然不行，因?yàn)榫渲械膚hom,thal,which等在從句

中無(wú)法做動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，那么就要在動(dòng)詞后加個(gè)合適的介詞，句子才通。因此，這些句子也可說(shuō)

成：

6.ThepersontowhomyoushouldwriteisMr.Brown.

7.Thalhouseinwhichtheyarelivingbelongstome.

8.ThedayonwhichmysisterwasbornisMarch,1999.

9.Sheshowedmethedictionaryforwhichshepaidalotmoney.

10.Themantowhomyouspokelastnightismyfather.

注意：

1在第2句中的介詞in如果要前置放到關(guān)系詞前面，則不能寫成：

Thathouse加thentheyarelivingbelongstome.

應(yīng)該寫成：Thathouseinwhichtheyarelivingbelongstome.

2含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的后面。：lookfor,lookafter,take

careof等。

Thisisthewatch（which/that）Iamlookingfor.（正）

ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.（誤）

（二）關(guān)于“介詞+whose+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)

首先我們來(lái)看兩個(gè)句子。

Thebosswenttothehospital.MrKingworkedintheboss'spany.

如果我們要把這兩句話整合成一句話，該怎樣做呢？可能同學(xué)們會(huì)想到以下的答案：

MrKingworkedinthepanywhosebosswenttothehospital.

之間不用逗號(hào)分開。而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句則不同。

ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveread.

Thisisagoodnovel,whichisfamousandpopular.

又如：

ShehasasonwhostudiesinBritain.

她有個(gè)在美國(guó)留學(xué)的兒子。(意思含有：她可能還有別的孩子)

Shehasason,whostudiesinBritain.

她有個(gè)兒子在美國(guó)留學(xué)。(意思含有：她只有一個(gè)兒子)

(2)限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞總是一個(gè)名詞或代詞，而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是一

個(gè)詞，也可以是部分或整個(gè)主句。此時(shí)一般由關(guān)系代詞which或as來(lái)引導(dǎo)。如：

Jennywaslateagain,whichmadeherteacherangry.

Mywifeispatientwithmyson,whichIamseldom.

IamgoodatEnglish,asyouknow.

Ashepointedout,yourwordswerewrong.(as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可以在主句的前或后。)

用which代替整個(gè)句子的用法

Thebambooishollow,whichmakesitverylight.

Tomwasplayinghisgameboy,whichmadehisteacherquiteangry.

as和which的用法

as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句主要用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和thesame…as,such...as,的結(jié)構(gòu)中。

Las與which都可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，并代表前面整個(gè)句子或主句中的表語(yǔ)。

Hemarriedthegirl,as(which)wasnatural.

Heseemedaforeigner,as(which)infacthewas.

不同的是：as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可以前置，而which不行。

Aswasnatural,hemarriedthegirl.

Asweknow,theearthisround.

2.在thesame…as,such…as,結(jié)構(gòu)中，same,such,之后應(yīng)是名詞。

Wcarefacingthesameproblemsaswedidyearsago.

Wehopetogetsuchatoolasheisusing.

這些結(jié)構(gòu)也可以用which改寫。但要去掉這種結(jié)構(gòu)，不能直接用which代替as。以上兩句分

別可以改寫成：

Wearefacingtheproblemswhichwefacedyearsago.

Wehopetogetthetoolwhichheisusing.

注意：thesame…as與thesame…that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句在意義上的區(qū)別是:前者修飾的是與原

物同樣的；而后者修飾的就是先行詞同樣的東西。是比較：

ThisisthesamewatchasIlost這和我丟失的那一只表一樣。（不是同一只）

ThisisthesamewatchthatIlost.這就是我丟失的那一只表。（同一只）

【即學(xué)即練】

1.__isknowntoeveryone,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.（NMET01）

A.ThatB.IlC.WhichD.As

2.Theresultoftheexperimentv/asverygood,vvehadn'texpected.

A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what

3.ismentionedabovethenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolsisincreasing.

A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.It

4.Thoschousesarcsoldatsuchalowpricepeopleexpected.（上00）

A.likeB.asC.thatD.which

區(qū)跟蹤訓(xùn)練

1.一Jenny,Italkedbacktomymotherlastnight.WhatshouldIdo?

—Youarcsupposedtosaysorry.Parentsarcthepeopleloveyouintheworld.

A.who;betterB.who;mostC.whom;betterD.whom;most

2.Chancesbelongtothosekeeptrying.Aslongasyoukeepworkinghard,you'llgetabigsuccess

soonerorlater.

A.whoB.ihalC.wliumD.which

3.—DoyouadmireDr.ZhangWenhong?

一Ofcourse!Heisakindhearteddoctorisprofessionalandhumorous.

A.whomB.whichC.whoD.where

4.Curling（冰壺）isawintersportisgellingmoreandmorepopularinChina.

A.whoB.whatC.whereD.which

5.Johnistheboylegswerebadlyhurlintheaccident.

A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose

6.ThisistheskirtIboughtyesterday.

A.whoB.whomC.whereD.that

7.Afterretiring,myteacherMr.Daimovedtothevillagehewasbornsixtyyearsago.

A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what

8.Thisisthesmallvillageinnnotlongago.

A.westayedB.wherewestayed

C.whichwestayedD.wherewestayedin

9.It'sanorganizationcanhelppoorchildren.

A.whoB.whichC.whereD.when

10.Is（histhegirlyoumetyesterday?

A.whomB.whoseC.whichD.what

11.—Thesedays,manykidsareveryinterestedinthesongLonelyWarriors.Why?

—Maybetheythinkit'sasonghasgreatlyricsandrhrhythm.

A.whichB.whoC.whereD.what

12.—Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?

—Ilikethemoviescanmakemelaugh.

A.whereB.whatC.whichD.when

13.—HaveyoureadthebookTheoldmanandtheseawrittenbytlieAmericanwriter,Hemingway?

—Ofcourse,anamazingstory.It'sthebestbookI'veeverread.

A.whichB.whatC.whoD.that

14.一Doyouknowtheboyisunderthetree?

一Oh,heismycousin.

A.whichB.whoC.whomD.whose

15.MichaelJacksonwasasingerisconsideredasthekingofpopmusic.

A.whatB.whoseC.whoD.which

16.—Haveyouheardoftheplacehevisitedlastsummer?

一Yes,itistheveryplacethegreatwriter,LuXunwasborn.

A.where;whereB.where;thatC./;whereD.that;that

17.Thewomanisthemostimportantinmylifeismymether.

A.whichB.whoC.whomD.what

18.Thewomanisthemostimportantinmylifeismymcthcr.

A.whomB.whatC.whichD.who

19.Couldyoutellmetheresultof【hediscussionyouhadmadeinthemeetingjustnow?

A.whoB.whenC.howD.that

20.Asweallknow,adoctorisapersonlooksafterpeople'shealth.

A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.whom

在模摯檢測(cè)

21.——DoyouknowwhoSuBinglianis?

—Yes,heisafamousrunnersetthenewAsianrecordof9.83secondinmen's1OOmeterraceatthe2020

TokyoOlympics.

A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which

22.—HaveyouwatchedtheTVplay"LikeaFlowingRiver'?

Yes.It'sthemostpopularTVplaymakespeopleknowaboutthereformandopeninguppolicy.

A.whereB.thatC.whatD.whom

23.—Whatkindofjobdoyoulike?

一Oh,Ipreferthejobcanmakeourcitymorebeautiful.

A.whatB.whichC.whoseD.who

24.一AtpresentyoungpeoplepreferWeChattokeepintouchwiththeirfriends.

—Yes.Itseemstobethebestwayofmunicationpeoplelike.

A.whichB.whatC.whoD.that

25.—Wcarcproudofthegreatchangesourcouniryhashadtheseyears.

—Yes,somanyvillageshavetakenonanewlook.

A.thatB.whatC.whoD.where

26.Theunforgettableexperiencewehadinthesummercampmakesusgrowup.

A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.whom

27.TheCDmyuncleboughtformeasabirthdaygiftismyfavorite.

A.whichB.whoC.whatD.whose

28.Manypeopleherelikethisbeautifulparkisfullofcolorfulflowers.

A.whoB.whereC.whichD.what

29.Ilikebooksarcaboutpowerfulandsuccessfulpeople.

A.whoseB.whatC.whoD.which

30.Ireallyadmirethosevolunteerscanoffertohelppeoplein（rouble.

A.whoB.whichC.whomD.what

31.—IheardthatAECM（抗疫表彰會(huì)）washeldinLanzhouonApril26th.

—Yes.IreallylookuptothoseheroesinGansuhavemadegreatachievements（成就）

A.whoB.whichC.whereD.whose

32.—SusanstillmissesinWenzhou.

一Iknow.Localsnacksareherfavojrite.

A.thefriendlypeoplewhoshemetB.thedayswhichshespentwithus

C.thefamousplacesthatshevisitedD.thedeliciousfoodwhichshetried

33.AmemorialmeetingwasheldtohonortheheroeslosttheirlivesduringtheoutbreakofCOVID19.

A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whose

34.YuanLongpingisoneofthegreatestscientists1respectalot.

A.whyB.whichC.whatD.that

35.—Ilaveyoufoundthemobilephoneyoulostinthetaxiyesterday?

—Notyet.I,llhavetobuyanewone.

A.whichB.whatC.whoD.where

36.ThisisthefirstbirthdaygiftIreceived.Tvekeptitmanyyears.

A.thatB.whoC.whatD.which

37.—Hey,Bob.Whatarcyoudoing?

一I'mwritingathanknotcto.

A.thestudentwhousuallyplaysbasketballwithus

B.theneighbourwhooftenmakesnoiseinthemidnight

C.thepassengerwhogotonthewrongbusthismorning

D.theworkerwhooftenpicksuprubbishinthelocalpark

38.Accordingtoarecentstudy,adultsoftendohouseworkmightstayhealthyintooldage.

A.whenB.whichC.whoD.what

39.—Tom,whatkindofstoriesdoyouprefer?

—Theoneshaveahappyending.

A.thatB.whoC.thoseD.whom

40.—Volunteeringisameaningfulactivity.

一Iagree.Weshouldexpressthanksto(hepeopledovolunteerjobs.

A.whomB.whatC.whoD.which

存真題過(guò)關(guān)

41.-Momiswaiting.Canwesetoffnow?

一Justaminute.IcanUfindtheshoesIboughtlastweek.

A.thatB.whoC.whatD.who

42.HedoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.

A.whomB./C.whichD.who

43.—Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?

—Iprefermoviesmesomethingtothinkabout.

A.whomgiveB.whogivesC.whichgiveD.thatgives

44.Studentslovetheteachersareoutgoingandhumorous.

A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose

45.—DoyoulikethemovieiscalledTheBattleatLakeChangjin?

—Sure.Ithinknomovieisthanit.

A.that;moretouchingB.what;lesstouchingC.that;moretouchedD.which;lesstouched

46.—Doyouknowthegirlisstandingoverthere?

Yes.Sheismysister.

A.whenB.whereC.whoD.which

47.AgathaChristiewasafemalewriterisconsideredthequeenofcrimenovels.

A.whatB.whoseC.whoD.which

48.一IhavereadbookswerewrittenbyCharlesDickens.

—SodoI.DavidCopperfieldismyfavorite.

A.howB.whoC.whatD.that

49.Iwillneverforgetthepeoplehelpedmealotduringmyhardtime.

A.whichB.whoC.whoseD.whom

50.Greatchangeshavetakenplacehere.Everythingcsintomyeyesissonewtome.

A.thatB.whichC.whoD.w