選擇性必修第二冊

Unit5

Adelicateworld

?主題語境：人。自然（保護地球及環(huán)境）

自主學習夯實基礎(chǔ)

Part1單元詞匯分類自測

Larelaxationsession放

松一段時間1l.thehalfwaystage中間

2.dissolvequickly迅速溶解階段

3.soilnutrients.土壤養(yǎng)分12.temperaturevariation溫度

4.ahandwrittenpostscript一段變化

手寫體附言13.helpstudentsthrive幫助學

閱讀5.thecriterionforthesurvival生生們茁壯成長

詞匯存的標準14.abigappetite胃口很好

—6.waterandsoilerosion水土流15.greenvegetation綠色植物

語境公16.flyatahighaltitude在高海

識意7.acomputervirus一種電腦病拔飛行

蜜17.culturalheritage文化遺產(chǎn)

8.immunitysystem免疫系統(tǒng)18.habitatdestruction棲息地破

9.collapseduetotheheavysnow坯

由于厚重的雪倒坍19.substantialdonations大量

10.coexistwith:henature與自然的捐贈

共存

第一組：動詞變形第二組：名詞、形容詞變形

拓展1.comparev.比較，對比10.visual。力.視覺的fvisuallyadv.

詞匯comparison〃.比較看得見地fvisualize。.使形象化；

2.greetv.歡迎；打招呼fgreeting想象

變形加問候，招呼11.nutrientn.養(yǎng)分，營養(yǎng)物

拼寫3.conservev.保護，保存—nutritious。力.有營養(yǎng)的;營養(yǎng)豐

conservationn.conservative富的fnutrition營養(yǎng)；滋養(yǎng)

M’.保守的12.draman.戲劇-*dramalicadj.戲

4.endangero.危害；使遭危險劇性的fdramatically顯著地

fendangered（的.瀕臨火絕的13.mysteryn.神秘的事情

fdangern.危險；危害fdangerous—mysteriousadj.神秘的

。力有危險的；不安全的14.apparenta的.顯而易見的

5.departv.離開；起程一departure-apparently據(jù)說；看來，似乎

兒離開15.multipleadj.數(shù)量多的；多種多樣

6.varyo.變化；不同fvariation八.差的fmultiply0，使）大大增加1,（使）

異；變化fvariely〃.不同種類；變倍增

化fvariousadj.各種各樣的16.rareM?.稀有的，”產(chǎn)見的frarely

7.cxistv.存在fexistence幾,存在公物.罕有；很少

fexisting〃或現(xiàn)存的：現(xiàn)有的17.secureadj.安全的:穩(wěn)固的

—coexistu.共存，共處-"securityn.保護措施；保證

8.explodev.突然增加fexplosionfsecurelyadv.安全地

n.爆炸一explosiveadj.爆炸性的18.subsequent后來的，隨后的

9.invadev.侵略；涌入finvasionfsubseauemlyadv.后來，隨后

n.涌入finvader〃.侵略者19.substantial〃力大量的，多的

—substantiallyada非常;基本上

學生用書第216頁

?掌握規(guī)律?詞匯拓展?

形容詞后綴?y表示天氣、環(huán)境、特點等。

①misl薄霧一misly有霧的②wind風fwindy有風的③rain雨一rainy下雨

的④fog霧一foggy有霧的

⑤cloud云一cloudy多云的⑥dirt泥土一dirty臟的⑦hand手->handy便利的

⑧thirst口渴fthirsty口渴的⑨health健康-healthy健康的⑩dust灰塵一dusty

布滿灰塵的

8.Wehopethatthetreehehas

1.(2024?浙江1月卷)Iflevergel

plantedthrives(thrive)wellto

irapped(trap)outsidemyhouseagain,

provideprotectiontohisfamily.

mylocaltelephoneboxwill,sadly,no

9.Thctimeslistedontheschedules

longerbeabletoconnectmewithmy

aredeparture(depart)times,not

keys.

arrivaltimes.

2.(2024?新課標I卷)1toucheddownin

10.Whenthemarketfornutria

Viennajust30minutesbeforethe

collapsedinthelate1980s,the

departure(depart)ofthelastbusto

cat-sizedanimalsmultiplied

PraJgue.

(multiple)likecrazy.

3.(2024?新課標I卷)Habitat

1l.Thedramahasaninteresting

RestorationTeamvolunteersplayavital

plotandadramaticending.(drama)

roleinrestoringsensitiveresourcesand

核心12.Thiskindofflowerisrare,and

protectingendangered(endanger)

詞匯rarelydoIseeit.(rare)

speciesacrosstheridgesandvalleys.

13.Don'tcompareyour

4.(2023?浙江1月卷)Allcampsessions

單句disadvantageswithhis

(session)arecreatedwith

應(yīng)用advantages.Comparedwithhim,

age-appropriateactivitiesthatare

youarcmoreeasy-going.By

tailoredtothemultiplewaysthatkids

comparison>Ithinkmorepeople

learn.

willbewillingtomakefriendswith

5.(2023?浙江1月卷)1parkedmycar

you.(compare)

outsidethefarmandwalkedpasta

14.Somenaturalmysteriesofthe

milkinghousewhichhadapparenlly

ancienttimesarestillmysleriousto

(apparent)notbeenusedinmanyyears.

peopleloday.(mystery)

6.1fabuildingorotherstructure

15.HedrovesofastthatIreallyfelt

coHapscs(collapse),itfallsdownvery

mylifewasindanger.SoItoldhim

suddenly.

drivingfastwasdangerousandif

7.Thespeciesofbirdisdecreasing

hedidn'tslowdown,hewould

(decrease)innumberseveryyear.

endangerourlives.(danger)

深度學習

Part1核心詞匯......................多維練透

iltrap（教材義）刀.夾子，陷阱；（補充義）〃.圈套；牢籠，困境v.設(shè)陷阱

捕捉；使陷入圈套；誘捕；把……困在，使陷于（尤指危險之地）

巧歸納

(l)trapsbinto(doing)sth使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；使某人中計

(2)be/gettrappedin...被困在...中

(3)fallintothetrapofdoingsth

落入做某事的圈套

?Thelightaircraftthenoverturned,trapping(trap)bothmen.

②ThetravelertrapDed(trap)inthelonelyislandsurvivedonthefishcaughtin

thesea.

③［應(yīng)用文寫作之求助信］我讀英語時，經(jīng)常被一些不認識的單詞難住，所以

您能幫我個忙嗎？

I'moftentrapDcdinsomenewwordswhenreadingEnglish.Socouldyouplease

domeafavor?

④(2023?新課標I卷)You'l】heartheseparticipants'storiesandlearnwhat

strategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattraps(trap)theyencounteredthatyoushould

avoid.

日。we(教材義)“應(yīng)該做；對……負有……的義務(wù);(補充義)欠(錢)；

欠(人情)，應(yīng)該感激；歸因于，歸功于

巧歸納

(1)owesbsth=owesthtosb欠某人某物

(2)owe...to...把...歸功于....

(3)oweittosbthat...多虧某人...

(4)owingto因為；由于

?Bernardowedittothekindfamilythathecouldearnsomemoneytohelp

supporthispoorfamily.

②［應(yīng)用文寫作之人物描寫I當被問到他成功的秘訣時，這位偉大的科學家說

他的成功和幸福很大程度上要歸功于他對祖國和家人深深的愛。

Whenaskedaboutthesecretofhissuccess,thisgreatscientistsaidthatheowed

muchofhissuccessandhappinesstohisdeeploveforthecountryandhisfamily.

③［中國元素］由于其豐富的文化遺產(chǎn)和多樣的景觀，中國已成為越來越受世

界各地游客歡迎的目的地。

Owinjtoitsrichculturalheritageanddiverselandscapes,Chinahasbecomean

increasinglypopulardestinationfortouristsfromaroundtheworld.

學生用書第218頁

Part2經(jīng)典句式......................W作遷移

■句型公式：what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句

巧歸納

（l）what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，在從句中可作主語、表語、賓語和定語等。

（2）what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，可表示“……的事情或東西；……的樣子；所…

的地方”等。

（3）that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在從句中不作任何成分，只起連接作用。

①（2023?新課標I卷）Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakes

eachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.

②［讀后續(xù)寫之主旨升華句］決心和堅持是你征服恐懼和實現(xiàn)目標所需要的。

Determinationandperseverancearewhatittakestoconqueryourfearand

accomplishyourgoal.

③（2024.浙江1月卷）幾分鐘前對她來說似乎是一項挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)

完成To

Whalhadseemedtobeachallenginglasktoherminutesbeforewasnow

accomplished.

④（2024?九省聯(lián)考讀后續(xù)寫）經(jīng)過昨天的事，希爾達知道她在做什么。

Afterwhathappenedyesterday,Hildaknewwhatshewasdoing.

Part3語境辨義......................舉一反三

I.熟詞生義（寫出句中加黑詞匯的詞性及漢語意思）

1.（2023?新課標I卷）Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（細菌）?v.

吸收

2.Ifyoumultiply7by15youget105.0.乘，乘以

3.inwarmweatherthesegermsmultiplyrapidly.。.繁殖

4.（2（）22?新高考I卷）Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthe

creativesessions.".會議

5.Afterwards,sheandherfathersecuredtheirfirstbusinessmeetingwitha

supermarketowner,whofinallyagreedtosellMoore'sproduct-CanCandyo.（尤指經(jīng)

過努力）獲得，取得

6.Therehasbeenamoveawayfromnuclearenergy.幾轉(zhuǎn)變

7.Butthecaptain'scourage,perseverance,andpowerfulwillmasteredeveryman

onboard,andwewenttoworka?ain.兒意志

8.Thegovernmenrisaccusedofrattingonitspromisestotheimemployed.TrW

棄做某事的諾言

9.Manyyearslater,IwasgoingtoEuropeononeofthefinestshipsthatever

ploughedthewatersoftheAllantic.o.破浪前行

n.一詞多義（選出下列單詞在句中的正確釋義）

1.appetite

A.幾食欲，胃口B.〃.需求

C.〃.強烈欲望D.愛好，興趣

?Hisappetiteforknowledgeseemedinsatiable.C

②Shehasagoodappetiteandenjoysthreelargemealsaday.A

?Thereisanincreasingappetitefororganicfoodinthemarket.B

2.explode

A.。.爆炸，爆裂B.D.激增

C.v.突然爆發(fā)D.。.推翻

@Thepopulationinthecityhasexplodedinthepastdecade.B

@Theprotestersexplodedinangerwhentheyheardthenews.C

③Thebombexploded?causingmassivedamagetothebuilding.A

學生用書第219頁

隨堂鞏固深度拓展

【.語篇語境綜合練(語境創(chuàng)新——詞匯再練)

Inadelicateworld,balanceiscrucial.Whenspecies'populationsdecrease,it

1.dramatically(dramatic)affectstheecosystem.Forexample,thecollapseofbee

coloniesleadstofewerflowersbeingpollinatcd.This,inturn,hasmultipliedthe

problemsforplantsthatdependonbees.

2.Subsequently(subsequent),humanshadtostepinwithinterventiontotryand

restorebalance.3.Conservation(conserve)effortsweremadeonbehalfofendangered

species.Despitegoodintentions,noteverythingwentasplanned.Therewere

4.incidents(incident)causedbytrapssettocaptureanimalsforresearch.Some

subsequentlyescaped,creatingasmall5.explosion(explode)inlocalpopulations.

In6.comparison(compare)toothercrises,themysteryofwhysuchproblems

7.apparently(apparent)occuriscomplex.Weoweit8.tofuturegenerationstosolve

theseissues.Researchershaveshownthat9.variation(vary)inwildlifehabitsaffects

thewholeplanet.It'slikeachainreaction；onedeparturecanleadtoanothercollapse.

Securelyfixingtheseproblemsrequiresglobalattention.Often,asimple

IQ.greeting(greet)fromoneconcernedpersoncandramaticallyleadtolarger

conservationefforts.Everyonesharestheappetitetoprotectourworld,butit'satask

thatdemandseveryoneworktogether.

I［.真題難句拓展綜(剖析長句——精準翻譯)

I.(2024?全國甲卷)1guessourdifferentchildhoodbackgroundiswhatmakesmy

grandmothersuchanamazingpersontotalkto：herstoriesalwaysmakemyhistory

textbookscomealive.

［剖析］本句為主從復(fù)合句。句子的主干為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)Iguess...0后面跟賓

語從句，省略引導(dǎo)詞that。從句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，what引導(dǎo)表語從句；冒號后面是

對前面的anamazingperson起解釋說明作用。

［翻譯］我想是我們不同的童年背景讓我的祖母成為了一個交談時令人驚嘆

的人：她的故事總是讓我的歷史教科書鮮活?起來。

2.(2023?全國甲卷)Asgrizzlybearsexpandtheirrangeintoplaceswherethey

haven'tbeenseeninacenturyormore,they'reincreasinglybeingsightedbyhumans.

［剖析］本句為復(fù)合句。句子的主干為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)they're...beingsighted...。As

引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；where引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾places。

［翻譯］隨著灰熊的活動范圍擴大到?個多世紀以來從未出現(xiàn)過的地方，它

們越來越多地被人類看到。

3.（2022?全國甲卷）AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minute

cheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego.the

southernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.

［剖析］本句為復(fù)合句。句子的主干為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)shediscovered...,其后為

省略that的賓語從句；賓語從句中g(shù)oingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradel

Fuego為動詞-ing形式短語作定語，修飾ships；最后的thesouthernmosttipofthe

SouthAmericanmainland是同位語，解釋說明TierradelFuego?本句使用了強調(diào)

句型，被強調(diào)內(nèi)容為地點狀語inChile。

I翻譯］正是在智利她發(fā)現(xiàn)她可以獲得從火地島即南美大陸的最南端開往南

極洲的最后一刻的低價船票。

學生用書第220頁

情境遷移

I.應(yīng)用文寫作增分練——大自然（保護野生動物）

結(jié)合本單元話題，用單元詞匯、經(jīng)典句型完成下面的應(yīng)用文寫作并背誦。

［基礎(chǔ)語料I

單元endangered,criterion,coexist;owingto,dieout,inharmonywith,

詞匯respondto,onbehalfof

句經(jīng)thereisnodoubtdiat句型：as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句：“only+狀語”

典型倒裝句

［情境呈現(xiàn)］

假定你是李華，畢業(yè)在即，你校英文報舉辦了以“Protectingwildanimals”為主

題的征文活動。請你寫一篇英文短文投稿，分享你的想法。

［思路點撥］

人稱以第三人稱為主

時態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時為主

內(nèi)容要第一段引出主題（很多野生動物瀕臨滅絕）f第二段談?wù)撜J識和想法f結(jié)

點線索尾總結(jié)

［寫作輸出］

Protectingwildanimals

(1)Thcrcisnodoubtthatmanyendangeredwikianimalsarcdyingoutowingto

humanactivities(毫無疑問,由于人類活動，許多瀕臨滅絕的野生動物正在滅絕；

endanger,dieout,owingto:theieisnodoubtthat句型).(2)Asisknowntous,tobe

kindtoanimalsistobekind〔oyourself,someasuresofihefollowingshouldbe

但(正如我們所知，善待動物就是善待自己，所以我們應(yīng)該采取以下措旅；as

引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句).

Firstofall,thegovernmentshouldsetcriteriatoreduceenvironmentalpollution,

andcrackdownoncriminalactivitiessuchasillegalhuntingofwild

animals.(3)Sccondly,ieordertobeinharmonvwithnature,wildlifereservesshould

beestablishedandmonitored(其次,為了與自然和諸相處，應(yīng)該建立野生動物保護

區(qū)并對其進行監(jiān)測；inharmonywith).Additionally,schoolsshouldactivelyrespond

toandsupportthenationalcall,increasepublicityefforts,andraisestudents*awareness

ofwildlifeprotection.

(4)Onlybymakingcontributionstowardsprotectingwildanimalscanwecoexist

withnature(只有為保護野生動物做出貢獻,我們才能與自然共存；coexist;"only

+狀語”倒裝句).

［變式表達］

根據(jù)提示完成句子并保持與句(1)意義一致。

Thereisnodenying(ihefact)that(不可否認)humanactionshaveledio［hn

declineandexlinclionofnumerousspeciesofwildlife(造成了無數(shù)野生物種的減少

和滅絕).

I【.讀后續(xù)寫微點練——大海里游泳遇險（多科“說”法）

［基礎(chǔ)語料］

whisper低語

add補充說

continue繼續(xù)說

shout大喊

murmur低語

exclaim呼喊

詞匯

scream驚叫

chat閑聊

speakup大聲說

talkover討論

speakout發(fā)言

ina...voice以....的聲音

句式holding動詞-ing形式作狀語；before引導(dǎo)狀語從句

學生用書第221頁

l.Weneedtotalkovertheplanbeforeweproceed.

我們需要在繼續(xù)之前討論一下計劃。

2.Hedecidedtospeakoutagainsttheinjustice.

他決定站出來反對不公正。

細節(jié)3.Sheexclaimedwithjoywhenshesawthegift.

描寫她看到禮物時高興地呼喊。

4.Theteachershoutedtobeheardoverthenoise.

老師為了蓋過噪音而大聲喊叫。

5.Shewhisperedsweetnothingsintohisear.

她在他耳邊低聲細語著甜言蜜語飛

［情境呈現(xiàn)］

（2025?河南測試卷?讀后續(xù)寫）

主人公和哥哥去了一個因強水流而很少去的海灘一主人公在海里游泳，享受

海浪一游得太遠后，主人公試圖返回海灘，但無法前進一感到疲倦和恐慌，主人

公最終呼救>……

［思路點撥］

文體：記敘文人稱：第三人稱時態(tài)：一般過去時為主

續(xù)寫思路：根據(jù)所給句子IbegantothinkImightdrownoutthere.可知，接下來要寫主人

公的絕望感和對可能溺水的恐懼，或者繼續(xù)描述主人公的求生掙扎和心理活動。

［寫作輸出］

IbegantothinkImightdrownoutthere.(1)Justthenastrangerswamoverto

me(就在這時,一個陌生人游到我跟前).(2)Withthelasthope,Igatheredallmy

strengthtocryout“Heln”(帶著最后的希望，我聚集了所有的力量呼喊“救

命").(3)Suddenlyahugewavehitmeanddrownedmycry(突然一個巨浪打在我身

上，淹沒了我的叫喊聲).1chokedonabigswallowofsaltywaterandfelt

terrible.(4)Fortunately,myangelwasswiftlyapproachingme,holdingmetightlywith

hissirongarm(幸運的是,我的天使迅速接近我，用他強壯的手臂緊緊地抱住了我；

holding動詞-ing形式作狀語).(5)Mybasicknowledgeremindedm。2stayrelaxed

beforeIfellintonworldofdarkness(我的基礎(chǔ)知識提醒我要保持放松以免陷入黑暗

世界喪失意識；before引導(dǎo)狀語從句).

［變式表達］

用asif結(jié)構(gòu)改寫句(1),以使更加形象生動。

Justthenastrangeremergedasifbymagic>swimmingtowardsmewithallhis

might.

對應(yīng)學生

單元測評29Unit5Adelicateworld用毛15

（時間：30分鐘滿分：32.5分）

（本欄目內(nèi)容在學生用書中以活頁形式分冊裝訂?。?/p>

I.閱讀理解（本題共8個小題，每小題2.5分，共20分）

A

（2024?湖南高教聯(lián)高三二模）

TheCaliforniaseaotter（海獺），oncehuntedtotheedgeofextinction,hasstaged

athrillingcomebackinthelastcentury.Now,scientistshavediscoveredthattheotters*

successstoryhasledtosomethingjustasremarkable:therestorationoftheirdeclining

coastalmarsh（沼澤）habitat.

ElkhornSlough,acoastalmarshwithinMontereyBay,hadbeenexperiencing

severedamage.Thcrootcausewasagrowingpopulationofshorecrabs,whichfed

heavilyonthemarshplants,weakeningthestructundintegrityofthehabitat.Coastal

marsheslikethesearenotonlynaturaldefensesagainststormwavesbutalsoserveas

importantcarbonstorageareasandwater-cleaningsystems.

Theconservation-drivencomebackoftheseaotterhasbeencrucial.California's

coastlineswereoncealivewithseaotters.Sadly,theywerenearlywipedoutalthe

handsoffurtraders.Inthe1980s,conservationeffortsaidedtheseottersinreoccupying

largeareasoftheirformerrange.Now,ElkhornSloughhasthehighestconcentrationof

seaottersinCalifornia,withapopulationofabout100.Bynaturallyfeastingoncrabs,

theottershavehelpedasignificantregrowthofplantlife.RrentHughes,ascientist

workingalongsideAngelini,ledathree-yearstudy.Theirfindingswereclear:inareas

withseaotters,crabnumbersfellmarkedly.Thisledtoaresurgenceinplantgrowth,

whichinturnstabilizedIhesoilandloweredtherateofsoilwashingaway.

Astheseaotterpopulationcontinuestorestore,theirpositiveimpactoncoastal

ecosystemsislikelytoincrcase.ltnotonlyshowcasestheseaotterasacentral

speciesaspeciesthathasasignificanteffectonitsnaturalenvironmentbutalso

highlightstheessentialnatureoftoppredators（捕食者）inpreservingecological

harmony."Myhonestreactionwas-thiscouldbecomeaclassicintheliterature,“

saysscientistLekeliaJenkins.Sherevealsmarshrestorationalsohelpspeopleby

reducingflooding/'Suddenly,seaottersgofromjustcutethingsvveliketosomething

thatcanprotectourlivelihoodsandourproperties.”

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了加州海獺的數(shù)量回升，

對減少沿海海岸線侵蝕、維護生態(tài)環(huán)境平衡起到了重要作用。

I.Whatchangedidthedisappearanceofseaottersbringabout?

A.Fewerpredatorycrabs.

B.Morecoastalplantlife.

C.Betterwater-cleaningeffect.

D.Worsecoastalecologicalbalance.

答案：D

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Therootcausewasagrowing

populationofshorecrabs,whichfedheavilyonthemarshplants,weakeningthe

structuralintegrityofthehabitat.”可知,ElkhornSlough沿岸的沼澤遭受嚴重破壞

的根本原因是濱蟹數(shù)量的增加。這些蟹以沼澤植物為食，因此削弱了棲息地的結(jié)

構(gòu)完整性。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“Theirfindingswereclear:inareaswithseaotters,

crabnumbersfellmarkedly.n可知，海獺對濱蟹有制衡作用。由此可推知，海獺的

消失導(dǎo)致了沿海生態(tài)平衡的惡化。故選D。

2.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“resurgence”inParagraph3mean?

A.Barrier.B.Advancement.

C.Expansion.D.Revival.

答案：D

解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文中的“Bynaturallyfeastingoncrabs,the

ottershavehelpedasignificantregrowthofplant可知，因為海獺以濱蟹為食,

從而有助于植物的再生。畫線詞resurgence意為“復(fù)蘇”，D項與畫線詞意相近。

故選D。

3.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinquotingLekeliaJenkins?

A.Tohighlighttheimportanceofcoastalmarshes.

B.Tointroduceanewresearchstudyonseaotters.

C.Todemonstratethepracticalbenefitsofseaotters.

D.Toemphasizetheneedforincreasedconservationefforts.

答案：C

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章笫四段中的aSherevealsmarshresloralionalso

helpspeoplebyreducingflooding.iSuddenly,seaottersgofromjustcutethingswe

liketosomethingthatcanprotectourlivelihoodsandourproperties.”可推知，作

者引用科學家LekeliaJenkins的話是為了展示海獺（對人類）的實際益處（比如減

少洪水災(zāi)害）。故選C。

4.Whatmessageisconveyedfromseaotters'impact?

A.Thenecessityforcontrolledhunting.

B.Theinterconnectednessoftheecosystem.

C.Thedrawbacksofwildlifereintroduction.

D.Theneedforhumaninterventioninnature.

答案：B

解析：推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章通過說明海獺對沿海生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影

響，傳遞出“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的相互關(guān)聯(lián)性”這一信息。故選B。

B

（2025?青島高三檢測）

AnancientLatinproverbsays44Aquilanoncapitmuscas”-eaglesdon'thunt

flies-meaningthatimportantonesshouldn'tconcernthemselveswithsmall,

insignificantmatters.RutthelionsinEastAfricashouldconcernthemselveswiththe

seeminglyinsignificantants,becausetheseantsarechangingtheirlifestyles.

Thestorystartswiththeacaciatrees（金合歡樹）inanAfricanwildlifeareain

centralKenya.Someoftheseacaciatreesprovidefoodandshelterforspecificant

species,whichinturndefendthetreesagainstherbivores（食草動物）.Theantsarc

activelyattackinganddrivingawayherbivoresthatattempttofeedonthetrees'

leaves.Thisishighlyeffective;theantsnotonlyphysicallyharmtheherbivoresbut

alsoreleasechemicalsthatcandeterotherpotentialattackers.

Buttheseantsareintrouble.Anotherspeciescalledtheubig-headedMantis

destroyingentiregroupsoftree-protectingants.This,inturn,setsoffanentirechainof

eventsthatendsupinfluencingwhenandhowlionscanhunt.

Thisantinvasionaffectsonethingaftertheother.ltleavestheacaciatrees

dcfciibulcssagainstherbivores,especiallyclcphaiils.Thccluphaulsconicinandualthe

acaciasatfivetoseventimestherateobservedinuninvadedareas.Thelions,while

huntingforfood,havenomoretreestouseforhiding.Thisreducedtreecovermakes

lionslesssuccessfulathuntingandpushesthemtofinddifferentareastohuntin.

uThesetinyinvadersarepullingontheliesthatputanAfricanecosystem

together,determiningwhoiseatenandwhere,“saidToddPalmer,anecologist

fromFlorida.

Thelions,whicharealreadyendangered,aremanagingtocopewiththisbyno

longerfocusingtheirattentiononzebras.Thezebras,ofcourse,canseethemmuch

betterontheapproachgiventhelackofcover.Instead,theyaretargetingwater

buffalo.Butthisalsoisn'ttheendofthestory.Whoknowswhatthelions'changing

strategywillmeanfortheecosystemdowntheline?

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了小螞蟻如何影響?yīng){子的

捕獵方式。

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deler”inParagraph2mean?

A.Direct.B.Discourage.

C.Identify.D.Seek.

答案：B

解析；詞義猜測題°根據(jù)畫線詞上文中的“whichinturndefendthetrees

againstherbivores（食草動物）.Theantsareactivelyattackinganddrivingaway

herbivoresthatattempttofeedonthetrees'leaves.Thisishighlyeffective;theantsnot

onlyphysicallyharmtheherbivoresn可知，螞蟻對金合歡樹具有保護作用。由此

可知，螞蟻還釋放出可以阻止其他潛在攻擊者的化學物質(zhì)來保護金合歡樹。deter

意為“阻止”，B項與畫線單詞意思相近。故選B。

6.Whatroledotheelephantsplayinthechainreaction?

A.Cooperatingwiththe“big-headed"ants.

B.Damagingthehidingplaceforlions.

C.Protectingtheacaciasfromherbivores.

D.Startingoffthedisturbanceofthechain.

答案：B

解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)笫四段中的“Theelephantscomeinandealtheacacias

atfivetoseventimestherateobservedinuninvadedareas.Thelions,whilehuntingfor

food,havenomoretreestouseforhiding.,^可知，大象吃金合歡樹的速度是未被入

侵地區(qū)的五到七倍。在尋找食物的時候，獅子沒有更多的樹可以用來躲藏。由此

可知，在食物鏈中，大象破壞了獅子的藏身之處。故選B。

7.Theauthormentionslions,zebrasandwaterbuffalotoshowthat.

A.animalsfallvictimtobiggerones

B.theecologyisontheroadtorecovery

C.animalsarecorrelatedintheecosystem

D.speciesarefirmlypositionedinthefoodchain

答案：C

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“'Thesetinyinvadersarepullingonthe

tiesthatputanAfricanecosystemtogether,determiningwhoiseatenandwhere,'...

和最后一段中的“Thelions...aremanagingtocopewiththisbynolongerfocusing

theirattentiononzebras.Thezebras,ofcourse,canseethemmuchbetteronthe

approachgiventhelackofcover.Instead,theyarctargetingwaterbuffalo.”可知，這些

螞蟻的入侵導(dǎo)致金合歡樹被大量吃掉——這使得獅子在狩獵時失去遮蔽，并導(dǎo)致

以斑馬為食的獅子轉(zhuǎn)而獵殺水牛。由此可推知，作者提到獅子、斑馬和水牛是為

了說明動物在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的。故選C。

8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Whatecologistsfindaboutanimals.

B.WhyAfricanlionsarcendangered.

C.Howtinyantsaffectthewaylionshunt.

D.HowthelawofthejungleworksinAfrica.

答案：C

解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)文章第一段中的“ButthelionsinEast

Africashouldconcernthemselveswiththeseeminglyinsignificantants,becausethese

antsarechangingtheirlifestyles.^^可知，文章主要介紹了小螞蟻是如何影響?yīng){子的

捕獵方式的。故選C。

H.閱讀七選五（本題共5個小題，每小題2.5分，共12.5分）

（2024-河北高三下適應(yīng)測試）

Tiredoftraditionalchlorinated（含氯的）pools?Considerasaltwaterpool,a

populartrendinrecentyears.

Asaltwaterpoolisatypeofswimmingpoolthatusesasaltchlorinegenerator

toproduceitsownsupplyofchlorine.Thismeansinsteadofmanuallyaddingharsh（刺

激性的）chemicalstoapool,thegeneratorchangessaltintochlorineandreleasesit

i