/第4講名詞和數(shù)詞/●單句填空1.[2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷]Thelatest

(engineer)techniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotective…structurethatisalsobeautiful.2.[2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷]TheseplantsincludedmodernWestern(favourite)suchasrosemary,lavenderandfennel.

3.[2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷]…alongtheSilkRoute…broughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatocometodefinemuchofthe(rich)ofgardeninginEngland.

4.[2024·北京卷]Topractisethis,weneedtoestablishclear(boundary)inourpersonalandprofessionallife.

5.[2024·浙江1月考]Manysupermarketsarenolongerdoing“buyonegetonefree”promotionsbecauseofthe(criticize)thattheyleadtowaste.

6.[2023·全國甲卷]Fableswerepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures,andthewell-knownAesop’sfablesdatetothe(six)century,BC.

考點(diǎn)一名詞的數(shù)規(guī)則1單數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)名詞的規(guī)則變化情況方法例詞一般情況加-sstudents,teachers,doctors,tables以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾加-esglasses,dishes,boxes,watches;但stomach的復(fù)數(shù)形式直接加-s,即stomachs以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾變y為i再加-esfamilies,babies,armies,bodies以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾加-sboys,toys,monkeys以f或fe結(jié)尾大都變f或fe為v,再加-esthieves,wives,knives,shelves,lives少數(shù)加-sbeliefs,proofs,roofs,chiefs以o結(jié)尾通常加-sradios,videos,zoos,tobaccos有的加-esheroes,potatoes,tomatoes規(guī)則2不規(guī)則變化變化規(guī)則例詞自身有特殊變化的名詞child孩子→children;man男人→men;tooth牙→teeth;foot腳;英尺→feet;mouse老鼠→mice;phenomenon現(xiàn)象→phenomena;medium媒介→media單復(fù)數(shù)同形Chinese中國人;sheep綿羊;deer鹿;series系列;means方式;species物種規(guī)則3合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)若有中心詞,則把中心詞變成復(fù)數(shù);若無中心詞,則把最后一個詞變成復(fù)數(shù)。son-in-law→sons-in-law,passer-by→passers-by,grown-up→grown-ups規(guī)則4?？嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞行李baggage,luggage進(jìn)步progress零錢change消息news,word作業(yè)homework建議advice(續(xù)表)家務(wù)活housework天氣weather樂趣fun設(shè)備equipment家具furniture信息information考點(diǎn)二抽象名詞的具體化具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、情感的抽象名詞在表示具體的概念時,可以與不定冠詞連用。抽象名詞具體化success成功asuccess一個成功的人或事failure失敗afailure一個失敗的人或事surprise驚訝asurprise一件令人驚訝的事情pleasure快樂apleasure一件樂事honour榮譽(yù)anhonour一件感到榮幸的事情考點(diǎn)三名詞所有格情況構(gòu)成示例表示有生命的名詞的所有格在詞尾加“‘s”theboy’sbag,men’srooms若名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s只在詞尾加“‘”theworkers’struggle如果兩個名詞并列,且分別加“‘s”,則表示“分別有……”;若只有后一個名詞加“‘s”,則表示兩個“共有”John’sandMary’srooms(兩間);JohnandMary’sroom(一間)省略格:在表示店鋪、教堂、診所的名稱或某人的家時,名詞所有格的后面常省略它所修飾的名詞atthedoctor’s在診所;atmysister’s在我姐姐(妹妹)的家表示時間、距離、長度、重量、價值、國家、城市等無生命的名詞的所有格在詞尾加“‘s”來表示所屬關(guān)系,意為“……的”twentyminutes’walk,tenmiles’journey,twopounds’weight,tendollars’worth(續(xù)表)情況構(gòu)成示例of屬格:無生命的名詞的所有格用of結(jié)構(gòu)amapofChina,theendofthisterm,thecapitalofourcountry,thecolouroftheflowers雙重所有格名詞+of+名詞的“‘s”結(jié)構(gòu)afriendofmyfather’s,worksofLuXun’s考點(diǎn)序數(shù)詞規(guī)則序數(shù)詞前面一般加the,多數(shù)序數(shù)詞由基數(shù)詞加-th構(gòu)成,如:fifteenth;以y結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞變化時,先把y改成i,再加-eth,如:twentieth。注意幾個不規(guī)則的序數(shù)詞的寫法,如:first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth等?！瘼駟尉涮羁?.Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious(activity)onEarthDay.

2.Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein(weigh)problems.

3.MynameisMireyaMayor.I’ma(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.

4.Handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof(achieve).

5.Recent(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.

6.Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia’sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop(attract).

7.Whenyouarefacedwithchallenges,youshouldbelievethat(confident)iswhatmakesadifference.

8.Atthepressconference,agovernmentspokesmanexpressedhisgreatconcernforthe(safe)ofthethreetrappedworkers.

9.Classmeansaperson’seconomicpositioninsociety,andacommonlyused(classify)islowerclass,middleclassandupperclass.

10.Withnewtechnologiesintroduced,thecompanymade(two)asmanycomputersastheyearbeforelast.

●Ⅱ語法填空[2024·湖南長沙長郡中學(xué)高三三模]Putianwoodcarving,oneofthefourwell-known1.(category)oftheartofChinesewoodcarving,originatedintheTangandSongdynasties.2.(serve)asanationalintangibleculturalheritage(非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn))iteminChina,itisatraditionalfolkcarvingtechniqueofsoutheastChina’sFujianProvince.

ZhengChunhui,LinJianjunandChenYushuarethree3.(exception)representativesofwoodcarvingmasters.Zhengisaprovincial-levelinheritor(繼承人)ofthewoodcarvingart,4.notonlyexcelsintraditionalwoodcarvingtechnique,5.expresseshisloveforhisfamilyandnationthroughhisworks.Topromotetheart,Zhengopenedauniquewoodcarvinggallery,whichisthe6.(one)inPutianrunbyanindividualandfreetothepublic.ThedelicatelymadewoodcarvingworksbyLin7.(shine)ataBRICSsummit(峰會)severalyearsago,andmeanwhile,theChinese-styleantiquefurniturepiecesthataremadebyChen8.