/第1講動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)/●單句填空1.[2024·北京卷]Myheartwentouttohim,andI(jog)overtohim.

2.[2023·全國甲卷]Carsonprovesthatasimpleliteraryformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstill(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.

3.[2023·浙江1月考]IntheMingDynasty…Citizensofhighersocialclasses(permit)toliveclosertothecentreofthecircles.

4.[2023·北京卷]Iturnedupattheappointedhourforadinner,onlytofindthatnootherguest(arrive)andmyhostesswasstillinhersleepingsuit.

5.[2022·全國乙卷]SinceAprildrinkscompanies(force)topaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.

一般體考點一一般現(xiàn)在時(動詞用原形或第三人稱單數(shù))規(guī)則1表示客觀規(guī)律或普遍真理(不受主句的時態(tài)限制)。Thegeographyteachertoldustheearthmovesaroundthesun.地理老師告訴我們地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。規(guī)則2表示經(jīng)?；蛄晳T性的動作(多用行為動詞,且常與表頻率的時間狀語連用)或現(xiàn)在的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、特征等。Wealwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.我們總是相互關(guān)心,相互幫助。規(guī)則3少數(shù)用于表示起止的動詞,如come,go,leave,arrive,fly,return,start,begin,open,close,end,stop等,常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時,表示一個按規(guī)定、計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作。Theshopclosesat11:00pmeveryday.這個商店每天晚上11點關(guān)門。規(guī)則4在時間、條件、方式及讓步狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。Unlessitrainstomorrow,Iwillcallonyou.如果明天不下雨,我就去拜訪你。[溫馨提示]與一般現(xiàn)在時相對應的時間狀語有:often,always,usually,seldom,everyday等?？键c二一般過去時(v.-ed或不規(guī)則變化)規(guī)則表示在特定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)或表示在過去一段時間內(nèi),經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。常與表示過去的具體的時間狀語連用(或有上下文語境暗示)。Athiefbrokeintohishouselastnightandstolesomeofhiswife’sjewellery.昨晚一個小偷闖進他家,偷走了他妻子的一些首飾。[溫馨提示]與一般過去時相對應的時間狀語有:backthen,yesterday,lastweek,afterthat,ago,theotherday等?！炯挤ㄓ柧氁弧?.[2024·北京卷]Whenweslowdown,wecreatespacetoreflectonourthoughtsandemotions,whichhelpsusidentifyimportantareasofourlivesand(give)ustheopportunitytomakerightchoices.

2.[2023·新高考全國Ⅱ卷]Asalittlegirl,I(wish)tobeazookeeperwhenIgrewup.

3.[2023·浙江1月考]IntheMingDynasty…Thelargesiheyuanofthesehigh-rankingofficialsandwealthybusinessmenoften(feature)beautifullycarvedandpaintedroofbeamsandpillars(柱子).

4.[2022·北京卷]Eventually,theman(catch)upwithher,andhewasonlytryingtoreturnherwallet!

5.[2021·北京卷]Asit(connect)things,yourbrainturnsthemintoastory,andyougetadream.

完成體考點一現(xiàn)在完成時(has/have+過去分詞)規(guī)則1表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果,或說話時剛剛完成的動作。

HehasjustgraduatedfromHarvardandistryingtofindajobinBeijing.他剛從哈佛大學畢業(yè),正努力在北京找份工作。規(guī)則2表示從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),往往和“for…”“since…”等時間狀語連用。

ItisthemostinstructivelecturethatIhaveattendedsinceIcametothisschool.這是我到這個學校以來聽過的最有教育意義的演講。[溫馨提示](1)與現(xiàn)在完成時相對應的時間狀語有:recently,lately,upto/tillnow,sofar,in/over/forthepast/lastfewmonths/years…,“for+時間段”,“since+時間點”等;(2)下列句型常用現(xiàn)在完成時:Itis/hasbeen+一段時間+since從句.This/That/Itisthefirst/second…+time+that從句(從句用現(xiàn)在完成時).This/That/Itisthebest/finest/mostinteresting…+that從句(從句用現(xiàn)在完成時).考點二過去完成時(had+過去分詞)規(guī)則1在by,bytheendof,bythetime,until,before等后接表示過去某一時間的短語或從句時,謂語動詞表示在過去某一時刻或某一動作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動作,即“過去的過去”。Bytheendoflastyear,wehadproduced20,000cars.到去年年底,我們已經(jīng)生產(chǎn)了20000輛汽車。規(guī)則2表示從過去某一時刻開始,一直延續(xù)到過去另一時刻的動作或狀態(tài),即“從過去到過去”。WhenJackarrived,Maryhadbeenawayforalmostanhour.當杰克到達時,瑪麗已經(jīng)離開快一個小時了。規(guī)則3表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等,常用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等表示。Ihadintendedtocomeovertoseeyoulastnight,butsomeonecalledandIcouldn’tgetaway.昨天晚上我本想來看你的,但有人打電話給我,我脫不開身。規(guī)則4在“hardly/scarcely…when…”“nosooner…than…”句型結(jié)構(gòu)中,主句用過去完成時,且常用部分倒裝,從句用一般過去時,意為“一……就……”。Ihadnosoonergotintotheroomthanitbegantorain.→NosoonerhadIgotintotheroomthanitbegantorain.我剛走進房間天就開始下起了雨。考點三將來完成時(will/shallhave+過去分詞)規(guī)則表示到將來某一時間某一動作將會完成,常用的時間狀語為:“by+將來某個時間”。Iexpectyouwillhavechangedyourmindbytomorrow.我預計明天你就會改變主意了?？键c四現(xiàn)在完成進行時(has/havebeendoing)規(guī)則1表示某一動作或狀態(tài)從過去某一時間開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或者仍然要繼續(xù)下去,常譯為“一直……”。Hehasbeenwaitingforhisfriendforanhourbuthestillhasn’tturnedup.他已經(jīng)等了他的朋友一個小時了,可他還沒來。規(guī)則2表示到目前為止,多次重復發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。Ihavebeentelephoninghimseveraltimesthismorning.今天早上我給他打過好幾次電話。[溫馨提示]現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時均可表示“從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”的動作,但現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作已完成,著重于結(jié)果;現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示的動作可能已完成也可能未完成,更強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)進行。比較:Ihavebeenwritinglettersforanhour.整整一個小時我一直在寫信。(已經(jīng)結(jié)束或仍將繼續(xù)寫下去)Ihavewrittenlettersforanhour.我已經(jīng)寫了一個小時的信了。(已經(jīng)結(jié)束)【技法訓練二】1.[2024·浙江1月考]Overthelasttwoyears,somesupermarkets(start)sellingchickenorsaladinpacks…withtwohalvescontainingseparateportions(份).

2.[2022·全國甲卷]Inthelastfiveyears,Cao(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents…

3.I(dream)ofstudyinginBeijingForeignStudiesUniversitysincechildhood,whichisthebestuniversitytolearnforeignlanguagesinChina.

4.Marywaspleasedtoseethattheseedsshe(plant)inthegardenweregrowing.

5.IamsorrythatIcannotmeetyouattheairport.I(leave)Tianjinbythetimeyoucomebackfromabroad.

進行體考點一現(xiàn)在進行時(is/am/are+現(xiàn)在分詞)規(guī)則1表示說話時正在發(fā)生著的動作或近期一直在做的事情,暗含動作的“未完成性”和“暫時性”。IknowMrWangiswritinganewnovelbutIamnotsurewhetherhehasfinishedit.我知道王先生正在寫一本新的小說,但不確定他是否已經(jīng)完成。Idon’treallyworkhere;Iamjusthelpingoutuntilthenewsecretaryarrives.我不是真的在這里工作,只是在新秘書來之前幫幫忙。規(guī)則2表示按計劃或安排即將發(fā)生的動作。SheisleavingforBeijingtomorrow.她明天將動身去北京。規(guī)則3與always,often,forever,constantly,continually等連用時,表示贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩,而非強調(diào)動作正在進行。Heisalwayshelpingothers.他總是幫助其他人。[溫馨提示]與現(xiàn)在進行時相對應的時間狀語有:now,rightnow,atpresent,atthismoment,thesedays等?？键c二過去進行時(was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞)規(guī)則1表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作(這一過去時間需用時間狀語表示),暗含動作的“未完成性”和“暫時性”。Hewaspreparinghislecturealldayyesterday.昨天一整天他都在準備他的講座。規(guī)則2表示一個過去的動作在另一個過去的動作發(fā)生時正在進行,或者是以一個長動作作為背景,發(fā)生了一個短動作,長動作常用過去進行時,常用于bedoing…when…。TheywerestillworkingwhenIleft.我離開時他們還在工作。Hefelldownandgothisankleinjuredwhenhewasplayingfootball.他踢足球的時候摔倒了,腳踝受了傷。規(guī)則3用來描繪故事發(fā)生時的背景。Thewindwasblowinganditwasraininghard.風在吹,雨下得很大。考點三將來進行時(shall/willbe+現(xiàn)在分詞)規(guī)則1表示在將來某個具體時間點正在進行的動作。Ishallbewritinganessayat8o’clock.Don’tcomethen.8點那會兒我正在寫論文呢!別那時候來。規(guī)則2表示將來的日程安排。Thetrainwillbeleavingat8o’clock.Sodon’tbelate!火車將于8點離站。不要遲到了!【技法訓練三】1.[2022·新高考全國Ⅱ卷]Henry(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.

2.TheSamithatlivemainlyinthenorthernareas(face)anexistentialcrisisnow,whoselivesandculturearecloselylinkedtotheancientforestsandthereindeerthere.

3.Mywife(work)onthenightshiftwhenmyplanearrives.That’swhynooneistomeetmeattheairporttoday.

4.[2021·天津3月考改編]Currently,about35,000works(display)inover300roomsintheLouvre,anditwouldtakealifetimetoseeeverything.

將來體考點一一般將來時(will/shall+動詞原形)規(guī)則1表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)常用“will/shall+動詞原形”。

Whattimeshallwemeet?我們要什么時候見面呢?IbelieveIwillmakenewfriendshere.我相信我會在這里交到新朋友。規(guī)則2betodo和begoingtodo表示計劃或打算做某事,此外,begoingtodo還可表示根據(jù)現(xiàn)在的跡象對未來進行推斷。beabouttodo表示眼前的將來,即馬上要發(fā)生的事。Lookattheclouds.Itisgoingtorain.看那些云,要下雨了。[溫馨提示]與一般將來時相對應的時間狀語有:tomorrow,nextweek/month…,inanhour,inthecoming/followingweeks等?？键c二過去將來時(would+動詞原形)規(guī)則表示從過去某時看將要發(fā)生的動作、存在的狀態(tài)或過去的意圖、打算(主要用于賓語從句中)。

Shewassureshewouldsucceed.她確信她會成功?！炯挤ㄓ柧毸摹?.Asyougothroughthisbook,you(find)thateachofthemillionsofpeoplewholivedthroughWorldWarⅡhadadifferentexperience.

2.IthoughtI(tell)thefarmeraboutitthenextday.

被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成(以do為例)動詞的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式:be+過去分詞,口語中也用“get/become+過去分詞”表示。被動語態(tài)的基本用法:不知道或沒必要提到動作的執(zhí)行者是誰時用被動語態(tài);強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者時常用被動語態(tài)(by短語有時可以省略)?，F(xiàn)在時過去時將來時過去將來時am/is/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedonewould/shouldbedoneam/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone——has/havebeendonehadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendonewould/shouldhavebeendoneNowadays,thereisasharpincreaseinchildren’screativity,fortheyaregreatlyencouragedtodeveloptheirtalents.如今,孩子們在創(chuàng)造力上有極大的提高,因為他們被大力鼓勵去發(fā)展自己的才能。Theplanshouldbecarriedoutassoonaspossible.這項計劃應該盡快被執(zhí)行。不能用被動結(jié)構(gòu)的情況規(guī)則1所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)。規(guī)則2表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞,如:last,hold,contain,fit,cost等。規(guī)則3表示歸屬的動詞或動詞詞組,如:have,own,belongto等。規(guī)則4表示“希望、意圖、喜好”的動詞,如:wish,want,hope,like,love,hate等。規(guī)則5賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態(tài),不能用被動語態(tài)。規(guī)則6賓語是同源賓語、不定式、動名詞等,謂語動詞不用被動語態(tài)。[溫馨提示]主動形式表被動含義:(1)當feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容詞時;當cut,read,sell,wear,write,wash等作為不及物動詞,表示主語(通常為物)內(nèi)在“品質(zhì)”或“性能”時;當動詞表示“開始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動”等意思時。(2)want,require,need后面的動名詞用主動形式表示被動含義。(3)beworthdoing用主動形式表示被動含義。(4)在“be+形容詞+todo”中,不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語,用主動形式表示被動含義?！炯挤ㄓ柧毼濉?.[2024·新課標Ⅱ卷改編]In2019,asix-metre-tallpavilion,…byThePeonyPavilion,(build)attheFirsGarden,justtenminutes’walkfromShakespeare’sbirthplace.

2.[2021·新高考全國Ⅰ卷]LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramme(call)oneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogrammeseverinitiated.

3.Inthenegotiation,severaloptionscould(offer)toreachamutuallybeneficialagreement.

4.Thiscourse(design)forbeginnerswhowanttolearnthebasicsofcomputerprogramming.

5.Apaper-cuttingexhibition(hold)tomorrowmorning,whichaimstopromotetraditionalChineseculture.

●Ⅰ單句填空1.Itwasthefirsttimethathe(visit)Xinjiangandhewasamazedbythebreathtakingscenery.

2.I(buy)anewalarmclocktheotherdayatTaylor’swhenIheardsomeonesingingafamiliarsong.

3.ConfuciusishonouredforsettingthetoneformuchoftraditionalChinesemusicforthousandsofyears,who(think)tobeagreateducator.

4.Pahlssonandherhusband(search)thekitchen,checkingeverycorner,butturnedupnothing.

5.Inthepastdecades,somenumberplates(become)extremelyvaluable,particularlythosethatspelloutwords.

6.Mywashingmachine(repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.

7.Shehurriedlyranhome,neveroncelookingbacktoseewhethershe(follow).

8.TheXi’anCityWall(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangDynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored.

9.Evidenceofapowerfulvolcano,whicheruptedundertheicesheetofWestAntarcticaaround325BCandmightstillbeactivenow,(confirm)sofarbyBritishscientists.

10.Don’tworry.Thehardworkthatyoudonow(repay)laterinlife.

●Ⅱ語法填空[2024·江西贛州高三三模]TheSanxingduiMuseumislocatedinGuanghanCity,SichuanProvince,andfeaturesoneoftheworld’sgreatestarchaeological(考古的)findingsofthe20thcentury—theSanxingduiRuinsdatingback3,000to5,000years.TheSanxingduiMuseumcollectsanddisplaysamassive1.(mix)ofobjectsmadeofbronze(青銅),jade(玉),gold,clayandsoon,whichwereverydelicateand2.(unique)shaped.Thebronzeheads,goldendecorationsandhandicraftsaresospecialthatthey3.(refer)toas“havingbeencreatedbyaseeminglyalien(外星的)civilisation”.

Themuseumofficiallyopenedto4.publicinOctober1997,integratingthecollectionandprotectionofculturalrelics(遺跡),academicresearchandpubliceducation.NotonlyisitabaseforlearningabouttheancientKingdomofShu,5.itisatouristattractionwell-knownathomeandabroad.

Overthedecades,it6.(welcome)morethan10milliondo