江西2025自考[生物醫(yī)藥數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)]英語（二）考前沖刺練習(xí)題一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（共10題，每題1分）1.Inthefieldofbiopharmaceuticaldatascience,whichofthefollowingismostcriticalforensuringdataaccuracy?A.DatastoragecapacityB.DataencryptionmethodsC.DatavalidationtechniquesD.Datatransmissionspeed2.Theterm"p-value"instatisticalanalysistypicallyrefersto:A.TheprobabilityofaTypeIIerrorB.TheconfidencelevelofahypothesistestC.ThesignificancelevelbelowwhicharesultisconsideredstatisticallysignificantD.Themarginoferrorinasample3.WhichPythonlibraryisprimarilyusedfordatavisualizationinbiostatistics?A.PandasB.NumPyC.MatplotlibD.Scikit-learn4.Inclinicaltrials,the"placeboeffect"isbestdescribedas:A.TheimprovementinsymptomsduetorandomizationB.ThepsychologicalimpactofreceivingafaketreatmentC.ThenaturalprogressionofadiseasewithoutinterventionD.Thebiasintroducedbyresearchers5.A"double-blind"designinmedicalresearchmeans:A.BothparticipantsandresearchersareawareoftreatmentassignmentsB.OnlyparticipantsareunawareoftreatmentassignmentsC.OnlyresearchersareunawareoftreatmentassignmentsD.Neitherparticipantsnorresearchersknowwhoreceivesactiveorplacebotreatment6.Whichstatisticaltestismostappropriateforcomparingthemeansoftwoindependentgroups?A.t-testB.ANOVAC.Chi-squaretestD.Correlationcoefficient7.The"HIPAA"regulationprimarilygoverns:A.ClinicaltrialdatasharingB.PatientprivacyanddatasecurityinhealthcareC.DrugapprovalprocessesD.Medicaldevicemanufacturing8.Inmachinelearning,"overfitting"occurswhenamodel:A.GeneralizeswelltonewdataB.FailstocaptureunderlyingpatternsinthedataC.Fitsthetrainingdatatooclosely,includingnoiseD.Underperformsduetoinsufficientdata9.Whichofthefollowingisakeylimitationofrandomizedcontrolledtrials(RCTs)?A.HighcostofimplementationB.PotentialforconfoundingvariablesC.LimitedgeneralizabilityD.Alloftheabove10.The"biomarker"inbiopharmaceuticalresearchrefersto:A.AbiologicalindicatorofdiseaseprogressionB.AchemicalcompoundusedindrugdevelopmentC.AstatisticalmeasureoftreatmenteffectivenessD.Atypeofclinicaltrialdesign二、填空題（共5題，每題2分）1.Inbiostatistics,the"standarddeviation"measuresthe__________ofadatasetarounditsmean.2.The"nullhypothesis"instatisticaltestingisastatementof__________thatisassumedtobetrueuntilevidencesuggestsotherwise.3.A"logisticregression"modeliscommonlyusedtopredict__________outcomes,suchasdiseasepresenceorabsence.4.The"Cohen’skappa"isameasureof__________betweentwoclassificationsystems.5.Indrugdevelopment,"phaseIIItrials"areconductedtoevaluatethe__________andsafetyofanewtreatmentinalargepatientpopulation.三、判斷題（共10題，每題1分）1.True/FalseThe"Fisherexacttest"isusedwhensamplesizesaretoosmallforachi-squaretest.2.True/FalseMachinelearningmodelsrequirelessdatathantraditionalstatisticalmethodstoachievehighaccuracy.3.True/FalseThe"double-blind"designeliminatesobserverbiasbutnotparticipantbias.4.True/FalseA"p-valueof0.05indicatesa5%probabilitythatthenullhypothesisistrue.5.True/FalseThe"HIPAA"appliesonlytohealthcareprovidersintheUnitedStates.6.True/False"Overfitting"canbemitigatedbyincreasingthecomplexityofamodel.7.True/FalseA"biomarker"isalwaysaproteinbutnotageneticvariant.8.True/False"Randomizedcontrolledtrials"(RCTs)aretheonlyvalidmethodforassessingtreatmentefficacy.9.True/FalseThe"logisticregression"modelassumesalinearrelationshipbetweenindependentanddependentvariables.10.True/FalseThe"placeboeffect"ismorepronouncedinchronicdiseasesthaninacuteconditions.四、簡答題（共5題，每題4分）1.Explainthedifferencebetween"descriptivestatistics"and"inferentialstatistics"inthecontextofbiopharmaceuticalresearch.2.Describetwochallengesin"dataprivacy"forbiopharmaceuticalcompaniesandhowtheycanbeaddressed.3.Explaintheroleof"statisticalpower"inclinicaltrialdesign.4.Discusstheimportanceof"datavalidation"inensuringthereliabilityofbiostatisticalresults.5.Comparethestrengthsandweaknessesof"machinelearning"versus"traditionalstatistics"indrugdevelopment.五、論述題（共2題，每題5分）1.Discusstheethicalconsiderationsin"datasharing"betweenbiopharmaceuticalcompaniesandacademicinstitutions.2.Analyzehow"bigdata"hastransformedthefieldof"biopharmaceuticaldatascience"anditsimpactondrugdiscovery.答案與解析一、單項(xiàng)選擇題1.C.Datavalidationtechniquesensureaccuracybyverifyingdataintegrityduringcollectionandprocessing.2.C.Ap-valuebelow0.05indicatesstatisticalsignificance.3.C.Matplotlibiswidelyusedforcreatingstatic,interactive,andanimatedvisualizationsinPython.4.B.Theplaceboeffectreferstopsychologicalimprovementsfromfaketreatments.5.D.Adouble-blinddesignhidestreatmentassignmentsfrombothparticipantsandresearchers.6.A.Thet-testcomparesmeansbetweentwoindependentgroups.7.B.HIPAAregulatespatientdataprivacyinhealthcare.8.C.Overfittingoccurswhenamodelmemorizesnoiseintrainingdata.9.D.RCTsfacehighcosts,confoundingvariables,andlimitedgeneralizability.10.A.Abiomarkerisabiologicalindicatorofdiseaseortreatmentresponse.二、填空題1.dispersion2.nosignificantdifference3.binary4.agreement5.efficacy三、判斷題1.True2.False(Machinelearningrequiresmoredataforrobustness).3.False(Bothparticipantsandresearchersareblinded).4.False(Ap-valueof0.05meansthere’sa5%chancetheresultoccurredbychance).5.False(HIPAAappliestocoveredentitiesandbusinessassociates).6.False(Overfittingisreducedbysimplifyingthemodel).7.False(Biomarkerscanbegeneticvariants,proteins,orotherindicators).8.False(Othermethodslikeobservationalstudiesalsoassessefficacy).9.False(Logisticregressionmodelsnon-linearrelationships).10.True(Placeboeffectsarestrongerinchronicconditions).四、簡答題1.Descriptivevs.InferentialStatistics:-Descriptivestatisticssummarizedata(e.g.,mean,median)withoutgeneralizing.-Inferentialstatisticsusesamplestomakepredictionsaboutpopulations(e.g.,hypothesistesting).-Inbiopharmaceuticalresearch,descriptivestatisticssummarizetrialoutcomes,whileinferentialstatisticstestdrugefficacy.2.ChallengesinDataPrivacy:-Compliancewithregulations(e.g.,HIPAA,GDPR).-Riskofdatabreachesinlarge-scaleclinicaltrials.-Addressingchallenges:Anonymization,encryption,andstrictaccesscontrols.3.RoleofStatisticalPower:-Statisticalpoweristheprobabilityofdetectingatrueeffect(1-β).-HigherpowerreducesTypeIIerrors,ensuringtrialvalidity.-Biopharmaceuticaltrialsneedhighpowertodetecttreatmentbenefits.4.ImportanceofDataValidation:-Ensuresaccuracybycheckingforerrors,outliers,orinconsistencies.-Criticalindrugdevelopmenttoavoidflawedconclusions.-Methodsincludecross-validationanddomainexpertreview.5