海南2025自考[計算機科學(xué)與技術(shù)]英語（二）高頻題(考點)一、選擇題（每題1分，共20題）說明：本部分考查基礎(chǔ)語法、詞匯及日常應(yīng)用，側(cè)重科技英語表達。1.Therapiddevelopmentofartificialintelligencehas______manyindustries,includinghealthcareandfinance.A)revolutionizedB)deterioratedC)standardizedD)complicated2.Toensuredatasecurity,itisessentialtoimplement______measuressuchasencryptionandfirewalls.A)preventiveB)reactiveC)descriptiveD)interactive3.Cloudcomputingenablesbusinessesto______storageresourcesbasedontheircurrentneeds.A)allocateB)consumeC)purchaseD)estimate4.A______isasetofrulesandprotocolsthatgovernshowdataistransmittedovertheinternet.A)firewallB)protocolC)serverD)database5.Theterm"BigData"referstoextremelylargedatasetsthatrequirespecializedtoolsforanalysis.A)structuredB)unstructuredC)real-timeD)static6.______isaprogramminglanguagedesignedfordatascienceandmachinelearningapplications.A)JavaB)PythonC)C++D)HTML7.Incybersecurity,a"phishingattack"typicallyinvolvestrickingusersintorevealingsensitiveinformation.A)malwareB)ransomwareC)phishingD)intrusion8.The______layeroftheOSImodelisresponsibleforensuringreliabledatadelivery.A)physicalB)transportC)applicationD)network9.A"server"incomputingisasystemthat______resourcestoclientdevices.A)storesB)processesC)distributesD)deletes10.The______isaglobalsystemthatusessatellitestoprovidelocationandtimeinformation.A)GPSB)Wi-FiC)BluetoothD)HTTP11."Algorithm"referstoastep-by-stepprocedureforsolvingaproblemorperformingatask.A)databaseB)variableC)algorithmD)function12.Theterm"API"(ApplicationProgrammingInterface)allowsdifferentsoftwaresystemsto______witheachother.A)conflictB)interactC)disconnectD)integrate13.A"databreach"occurswhensensitiveinformationis______withoutauthorization.A)encryptedB)protectedC)leakedD)validated14.The______modelisatypeofdatabasethatorganizesdataintotableswithrelationshipsbetweenthem.A)hierarchicalB)networkC)relationalD)flat15."Machinelearning"isasubsetofartificialintelligencethatfocusesonenablingsystemsto______.A)performrepetitivetasksB)recognizepatternsindataC)executecommandsD)storeinformation16.A"backup"isacopyofdatacreatedto______againstdataloss.A)preventB)analyzeC)restoreD)delete17.The______protocolisusedfortransferringHypertextMarkupLanguage(HTML)filesovertheinternet.A)FTPB)SMTPC)HTTPD)DNS18.A"cloudserviceprovider"offers______overtheinternet,suchasstorageandcomputingpower.A)hardwareB)softwareC)servicesD)licenses19.Theterm"datamining"involvesdiscoveringpatternsandinsightsfromlargedatasets.A)dataminingB)dataentryC)datavisualizationD)datacleaning20."Low-code"developmentplatformsallowuserstocreateapplicationswithminimalcoding.A)high-codeB)no-codeC)low-codeD)mid-code二、填空題（每題2分，共10題）說明：本部分考查科技英語中的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語和固定搭配，需準確填入單詞。1.Artificialintelligence(AI)istransformingvarioussectors,including______andtransportation.2.A"firewall"isusedto______unauthorizedaccesstoanetwork.3.The"InternetofThings"(IoT)referstotheinterconnectionofdevicesthroughthe______.4.Inprogramming,a"variable"isastoragelocationthatholds______data.5."BigData"analyticsoftenrequires______processingframeworkslikeHadoop.6.A"phishingattack"isatypeofcybercrimethataimsto______personalinformation.7.The"Cloudflare"companyprovidesinternetsecurityand______services.8.A"database"isastructuredcollectionof______organizedforefficientstorageandretrieval.9."Machinelearning"modelscanimproveaccuracythrough______training.10."Low-code"platformsaredesignedto______developmenttimeandcosts.三、判斷題（每題1分，共10題）說明：本部分考查對科技英語中事實性內(nèi)容的理解和判斷。1.(×)A"server"isahardwaredevicethatonlystoresdata.2.(√)The"InternetofThings"(IoT)reliesonsensortechnologytocollectdata.3.(×)"BigData"referstosmalldatasetsthatareeasytoanalyze.4.(√)A"phishingattack"ofteninvolvesfakeemailsorwebsites.5.(√)The"Cloudflare"companyoffersCDN(ContentDeliveryNetwork)services.6.(×)"Machinelearning"requiresnoprogrammingskills.7.(√)A"database"canbeeitherrelationalornon-relational.8.(×)The"HTTP"protocolisusedforsecuretransactions(HTTPSiscorrect).9.(√)"Low-code"platformshelpnon-programmersbuildapplications.10.(×)A"backup"isunnecessaryifdataisstoredinthecloud.四、翻譯題（每題5分，共5題）說明：本部分考查將科技英語句子準確譯為中文的能力。1.Cloudcomputingallowsbusinessestoscaletheirinfrastructureondemand,reducingcosts.2.Afirewallisacriticalcomponentofnetworksecurity,protectingagainstunauthorizedaccess.3.TheInternetofThings(IoT)enablessmartdevicestocommunicateandsharedata.4.Machinelearningalgorithmscananalyzelargedatasetstoidentifytrendsandpatterns.5.Low-codedevelopmentplatformssimplifyapplicationcreationbyprovidingvisualinterfaces.五、簡答題（每題10分，共4題）說明：本部分考查對科技英語相關(guān)概念的理解和簡明闡述。1.Whatisthedifferencebetween"BigData"and"SmallData"?2.Explaintheroleofa"database"inmoderncomputingsystems.3.Howdoes"machinelearning"contributetoartificialintelligence?4.Whyiscybersecurityimportantinthecontextofcloudcomputing?答案與解析一、選擇題答案與解析1.A)revolutionized-解析：Artificialintelligencehasfundamentallychangedindustries,notjustimprovedorcomplicatedthem.2.A)preventive-解析：Cybersecuritymeasuresaredesignedtostopthreatsbeforetheyoccur,notafter.3.A)allocate-解析：Cloudcomputingallowsdynamicresourcemanagement,suchasallocatingmorestoragewhenneeded.4.B)protocol-解析：Protocols(e.g.,TCP/IP)definerulesfordatatransmission.5.B)unstructured-解析：BigDataoftenincludesnon-organizeddataliketextorimages.6.B)Python-解析：PythoniswidelyusedindatascienceduetoitssimplicityandlibrarieslikePandas.7.C)phishing-解析：Phishinginvolvesdeceptiontostealsensitiveinformation.8.B)transport-解析：Thetransportlayerensuresdataisdeliveredcorrectly(e.g.,TCP).9.C)distributes-解析：Serversprovideresourceslikefilesorservicestoclients.10.A)GPS-解析：GPS(GlobalPositioningSystem)provideslocationservices.11.C)algorithm-解析：Algorithmsarestep-by-stepproceduresincomputing.12.B)interact-解析：APIsenablesoftwaresystemstocommunicate.13.C)leaked-解析：Adatabreachmeansdataisunintentionallyexposed.14.C)relational-解析：Relationaldatabasesusetablesandrelationships(e.g.,SQL).15.B)recognizepatternsindata-解析：Machinelearningfocusesonanalyzingdataforinsights.16.C)restore-解析：Backupsareusedtorecoverdataafterloss.17.C)HTTP-解析：HTTPistheprotocolforwebbrowsing.18.C)services-解析：Cloudprovidersofferstorage,computing,etc.,asservices.19.A)datamining-解析：Dataminingdiscoverspatternsinlargedatasets.20.C)low-code-解析：Low-codeplatformsminimizehand-coding.二、填空題答案與解析1.transportation-解析：AIalsoimpactstransportation(e.g.,self-drivingcars).2.block-解析：Firewallsblockmalicioustraffic.3.internet-解析：IoTdevicesconnectviatheinternet.4.temporary-解析：Variablesholdtemporarydatainprogramming.5.distributed-解析：BigDatarequiresdistributedsystemslikeHadoop.6.steal-解析：Phishingaimstostealpersonalinformation.7.delivery-解析：CloudflarealsooffersCDNforfastcontentdelivery.8.information-解析：Databasesstorestructuredinformation.9.continuous-解析：Machinelearningmodelsimprovewithcontinuoustraining.10.reduce-解析：Low-codereducesdevelopmenttimeandeffort.三、判斷題答案與解析1.(×)-解析：Serversalsoprocessrequestsandmanageresources.2.(√)-解析：IoTreliesonsensorstocollectreal-timedata.3.(×)-解析：BigDatadealswithvast,complexdatasets.4.(√)-解析：Phishingoftenusesfakeemailsorwebsites.5.(√)-解析：CloudflareprovidesCDNservices.6.(×)-解析：Machinelearningrequiresprogramming(e.g.,Python).7.(√)-解析：Databasescanberelational(SQL)ornon-relational(NoSQL).8.(×)-解析：HTTPSissecure;HTTPisinsecure.9.(√)-解析：Low-codeplatformshelpnon-programmers.10.(×)-解析：Backupsarestillcrucialeveninthecloud.四、翻譯題答案與解析1.云計算使企業(yè)能夠按需擴展其基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，從而降低成本。-解析："Scale"譯為“擴展”，“ondemand”譯為“按需”。2.防火墻是網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的關(guān)鍵組件，可防止未經(jīng)授權(quán)的訪問。-解析："Criticalcomponent"譯為“關(guān)鍵組件”，“unauthorizedaccess”譯為“未經(jīng)授權(quán)的訪問”。3.物聯(lián)網(wǎng)（IoT）使智能設(shè)備能夠通信和共享數(shù)據(jù)。-解析："Enables"譯為“使能夠”，“communicateandsharedata”譯為“通信和共享數(shù)據(jù)”。4.機器學(xué)習(xí)算法通過分析大型數(shù)據(jù)集來識別趨勢和模式。-解析："Contributeto"譯為“貢獻于”，“identifytrendsandpatterns”譯為“識別趨勢和模式”。5.低代碼開發(fā)平臺通過提供可視化界面簡化應(yīng)用程序的創(chuàng)建。-解析："Simplify"譯為“簡化”，“visualinterfaces”譯為“可視化界面”。五、簡答題答案與解析1.Whatisthedifferencebetween"BigData"and"SmallData"?-答案：BigDatareferstoextremelylargedatasetsthatrequireadvancedtoolsforanalysis(e.g.,Hadoop,machinelearning),whileSmallDatainvolvessmaller,moremanageabledatasetsthatcanbeanalyzedwithtraditionalmethods.BigDataischaracterizedbyvolume,velocity,andvariety,whereasSmallDataismorestructuredandeasiertointerpret.2.Explaintheroleofa"database"inmoderncomputingsystems.-答案：Adatabasestores,organizes,andretrievesdataefficiently.Inmoderncomputing,itsupportsapplicati