安徽2025自考[護(hù)理學(xué)]英語（二）選擇題專練一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（每題1分，共30題）1.Thenurseshouldalwaysmaintaina(n)______attitudewhendealingwithpatientstoensureeffectivecommunication.A.sympatheticB.impatientC.dismissiveD.authoritarian2.Whenadministeringmedication,thenursemustfollowtheprincipleof______toavoiderrors.A.self-medicationB.double-checkingC.ignoringthedoctor’sordersD.overestimatingthedosage3.Whatistheprimarypurposeofapatient’smedicalhistory?A.Tocriticizethepatient’slifestyleB.ToplanappropriatecareC.TosharewithotherhealthcareworkerswithoutpermissionD.Todocumentunnecessarydetails4.Whichofthefollowingisacommonsignofdehydrationinelderlypatients?A.ExcessivesweatingB.DrymouthandreducedurineoutputC.HighbloodpressureD.Rapidheartbeatwithoutcause5.Anurseshouldreportwhichsymptomimmediately?A.MildnauseaB.UnusualfatigueC.ChangesinbowelhabitsD.Alloftheabove6.Whatisthecorrectwaytodisposeofsharpsinahealthcaresetting?A.InaregulartrashbinB.InasharpscontainerC.BythrowingthemonthefloorD.Intoasink7.Whichtermdescribestheprocessofmonitoringapatient’sconditionovertime?A.AssessmentB.DiagnosisC.TreatmentD.Referral8.Anurse’sethicaldutytomaintainpatientconfidentialityisbasedontheprincipleof______.A.AutonomyB.NonmaleficenceC.VeracityD.Confidentiality9.Whatisthemosteffectivewaytopreventthespreadofinfectionsinhospitals?A.TouchingpatientsfrequentlyB.UsingglovesandmasksC.AvoidinghandhygieneD.Sharingpersonalprotectiveequipment10.Whichofthefollowingisacommonsideeffectofantibiotics?A.WeightgainB.DiarrheaC.IncreasedappetiteD.Skindarkening11.Anurseshouldusewhichtechniquetocalmadistressedpatient?A.SpeakingloudlyB.ActivelisteningC.Ignoringthepatient’sconcernsD.Makingdecisionsforthepatient12.Whatistheroleofanurseinamultidisciplinaryhealthcareteam?A.TomakeallmedicaldecisionsB.TocoordinatecarewithotherprofessionalsC.ToreplacedoctorsintreatmentD.Toavoidparticipatinginteammeetings13.Apatientwithdiabetesshouldmonitortheir______regularly.A.BloodpressureB.BloodglucoselevelsC.HeartrateD.Bodytemperature14.Whichofthefollowingisalegaldocumentthatoutlinesapatient’spreferencesformedicalcare?A.MedicalrecordB.AdvancedirectiveC.PrescriptionslipD.Insuranceform15.Anurseshouldreportwhichbehavioraspotentialelderabuse?A.NeglectinghygieneB.WithholdingfoodC.ExcessivemonitoringD.Providingcomfort16.WhatisthefirststepinprovidingCPRtoanadult?A.CheckingforapulseB.CallingemergencyservicesC.StartingrescuebreathsD.Shoutingforhelp17.Whichofthefollowingisakeycomponentofculturalcompetenceinnursing?A.DisregardingculturalpracticesB.AssumingallpatientsarethesameC.RespectingdiversebeliefsandvaluesD.Refusingtocommunicateinapatient’spreferredlanguage18.Anurseshoulddocumentallofthefollowingexcept?A.MedicationsadministeredB.PatientcomplaintsC.PersonalopinionsaboutthepatientD.Vitalsigns19.Whatisthepurposeofanursingcareplan?A.Toreplacedoctor’sordersB.ToguidepatientcareC.TocriticizeothernursesD.Toavoidplanning20.Anurseshouldusewhichapproachtoteachapatientaboutmedicationmanagement?A.GivingalonglectureB.UsingsimplelanguageC.ForcingthepatienttomemorizedetailsD.Ignoringthepatient’squestions21.Whichofthefollowingisasignofeffectivecommunicationbetweenanurseandpatient?A.ThepatientdoesnotaskquestionsB.ThenurseinterruptsthepatientC.ThepatientfeelsheardandunderstoodD.Thenursespeaksonlymedicalterms22.Whatistheprimarygoalofpalliativecare?A.TocurethediseaseB.TorelievepainandimprovequalityoflifeC.ToprolonglifeasmuchaspossibleD.Toreplacethepatient’sfamilyindecision-making23.Anurseshouldreportwhichsymptominapatientwithaweakenedimmunesystem?A.MildcoughB.FeverC.SorethroatD.Alloftheabove24.Whichofthefollowingisacommoncauseofpostoperativenausea?A.PainmedicationB.AnesthesiaC.LackofsleepD.Alloftheabove25.Anurseshouldusewhichapproachtohandleadifficultpatient?A.AvoidingthepatientB.RemainingcalmandprofessionalC.BlamingthepatientD.Makingassumptionsaboutthepatient’sbehavior26.Whatisthecorrectwaytostoreinsulin?A.AtroomtemperatureB.IntherefrigeratorC.IndirectsunlightD.Inafreezer27.Anurseshouldusewhichtechniquetoassessapatient’spainlevel?A.AskingforaratingonascaleB.ObservingnonverbalcuesC.Ignoringthepatient’sreportsD.Askingleadingquestions28.Whichofthefollowingisacommonriskfactorforpressureulcers?A.GoodnutritionB.FrequentrepositioningC.LimitedmobilityD.Adequatehydration29.Anurseshoulddocumentallofthefollowingexcept?A.Patient’svitalsignsB.MedicationsadministeredC.PersonalfeelingsaboutthepatientD.Patientprogress30.Whatistheroleofanurseinadisastersituation?A.TotakeoveradministrativerolesB.ToprovidedirectpatientcareC.TorefusetoparticipateD.Tofocusonlyoncriticalpatients二、多項(xiàng)選擇題（每題2分，共10題）1.Whichofthefollowingareimportantskillsforanursetohave?A.CommunicationB.EmpathyC.TechnicalexpertiseD.TimemanagementE.Creativity2.Anurseshouldbeawareofwhichlegalissuesinhealthcare?A.PatientconfidentialityB.InformedconsentC.ScopeofpracticeD.MedicalmalpracticeE.Self-defense3.Whichofthefollowingarecommoncausesofmedicationerrors?A.ImproperstorageB.IncorrectdosageC.LackofpatienteducationD.PoordocumentationE.Multitasking4.Anurseshouldassesswhichsignsinapatientwitharespiratoryinfection?A.CoughingB.ShortnessofbreathC.FeverD.WheezingE.Nasalcongestion5.Whichofthefollowingarecomponentsofculturalcompetenceinnursing?A.RespectfordiversityB.EffectivecommunicationC.IgnoringculturaldifferencesD.FlexibilityincareE.Understandingpatientbeliefs6.Anurseshouldusewhichtechniquestoreducepatientanxiety?A.ActivelisteningB.ReassuranceC.LoudnoisesD.ProvidinginformationE.Maintainingeyecontact7.Whichofthefollowingaresignsofdehydrationinelderlypatients?A.DrymouthB.ReducedurineoutputC.ConfusionD.SunkeneyesE.Increasedthirst8.Anurseshouldfollowwhichstepswhenadministeringmedication?A.Checkingthepatient’sidentityB.VerifyingthemedicationorderC.MeasuringthecorrectdoseD.RecordingtheadministrationE.Eatingwhilepreparingthemedication9.Whichofthefollowingarecommonethicaldilemmasinnursing?A.End-of-lifecareB.PatientconfidentialityC.ResourceallocationD.InformedconsentE.Discrimination10.Anurseshouldusewhichapproachestopromotepatientsafety?A.HandhygieneB.ProperwastedisposalC.PatienteducationD.MultitaskingE.Regularmonitoring答案與解析一、單項(xiàng)選擇題答案與解析1.A-解析：護(hù)士在處理患者時(shí)應(yīng)保持同情態(tài)度，以建立良好的溝通關(guān)系。其他選項(xiàng)（如不耐煩、輕視或權(quán)威）不利于患者護(hù)理。2.B-解析：給藥時(shí)必須遵循“雙重核對”原則，以避免錯(cuò)誤。其他選項(xiàng)（如自行用藥、忽視醫(yī)囑或過量估計(jì)劑量）都是不正確的。3.B-解析：患者病史的主要目的是規(guī)劃適當(dāng)?shù)淖o(hù)理。其他選項(xiàng)（如批評(píng)生活方式、隨意分享或記錄不必要細(xì)節(jié)）不符合護(hù)理規(guī)范。4.B-解析：老年人脫水常見的跡象是口干和尿量減少。其他選項(xiàng)（如大量出汗、高血壓或無原因的心跳加快）不是脫水的主要表現(xiàn)。5.D-解析：所有列出的癥狀（輕度惡心、異常疲勞、大便習(xí)慣改變）都應(yīng)報(bào)告，但嚴(yán)重癥狀（如意識(shí)模糊、呼吸困難）需要立即處理。選項(xiàng)D涵蓋范圍最廣，但實(shí)際應(yīng)用中需結(jié)合具體情況判斷。6.B-解析：尖銳物品應(yīng)放入專用銳器盒中處理。其他選項(xiàng)（如扔進(jìn)普通垃圾桶、地上或下水道）都是不安全的。7.A-解析：“監(jiān)測患者狀況隨時(shí)間推移的過程”稱為評(píng)估。診斷、治療和轉(zhuǎn)診是其他醫(yī)療活動(dòng)。8.D-解析：護(hù)士維護(hù)患者保密義務(wù)基于“保密”原則。自主權(quán)、不傷害和誠實(shí)也是倫理原則，但保密在此場景最直接相關(guān)。9.B-解析：使用手套和口罩是防止醫(yī)院感染傳播最有效的方法。其他選項(xiàng)（如頻繁觸摸患者、避免手部衛(wèi)生或共享個(gè)人防護(hù)用品）會(huì)增加感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。10.B-解析：抗生素的常見副作用是腹瀉。其他選項(xiàng)（如體重增加、食欲增加或皮膚變黑）不是典型副作用。11.B-解析：主動(dòng)傾聽是安撫患者情緒的有效方法。大聲說話、忽視或替患者做決定都可能適得其反。12.B-解析：護(hù)士在多學(xué)科醫(yī)療團(tuán)隊(duì)中的角色是協(xié)調(diào)護(hù)理。其他選項(xiàng)（如取代醫(yī)生、避免參與或獨(dú)立決策）不符合團(tuán)隊(duì)合作精神。13.B-解析：糖尿病患者應(yīng)定期監(jiān)測血糖水平。血壓、心率或體溫監(jiān)測也是重要的，但血糖是最關(guān)鍵的指標(biāo)。14.B-解析：“預(yù)先指示”是規(guī)定患者醫(yī)療偏好法律文件。其他選項(xiàng)（如醫(yī)療記錄、處方單或保險(xiǎn)表）是不同的醫(yī)療文件。15.B-解析：拒絕提供食物是潛在的老年人虐待行為。其他選項(xiàng)（如忽視衛(wèi)生、過度監(jiān)控或提供安慰）可能涉及護(hù)理不當(dāng)，但不是虐待。16.B-解析：成人心肺復(fù)蘇的第一步是呼叫急救服務(wù)（如撥打120）。檢查脈搏、進(jìn)行口對口呼吸或呼救是后續(xù)步驟。17.C-解析：文化能力的關(guān)鍵是尊重不同的信仰和價(jià)值觀。其他選項(xiàng)（如忽視文化習(xí)俗、假設(shè)患者相同或拒絕使用患者偏好的語言）都是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?8.C-解析：護(hù)士應(yīng)記錄所有護(hù)理相關(guān)信息，但個(gè)人對患者的看法不屬于記錄范疇。其他選項(xiàng)（如給藥、投訴記錄或生命體征）都是必要的記錄內(nèi)容。19.B-解析：護(hù)理計(jì)劃的主要目的是指導(dǎo)患者護(hù)理。其他選項(xiàng)（如取代醫(yī)囑、批評(píng)護(hù)士或避免規(guī)劃）都是錯(cuò)誤的。20.B-解析：使用簡單語言是教患者用藥管理的有效方法。長講座、強(qiáng)迫記憶或忽視問題都是無效的。21.C-解析：護(hù)士與患者有效溝通的表現(xiàn)是患者感到被傾聽和理解。其他選項(xiàng)（如患者不提問、護(hù)士打斷或使用醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語）不利于溝通。22.B-解析：姑息護(hù)理的主要目標(biāo)是減輕疼痛并提高生活質(zhì)量。其他選項(xiàng)（如治愈疾病、盡可能延長生命或取代家屬?zèng)Q策）不符合姑息護(hù)理的宗旨。23.D-解析：免疫力弱的患者的癥狀（如咳嗽、發(fā)燒、喉嚨痛）都應(yīng)報(bào)告。輕度癥狀可能無需立即處理，但綜合判斷需謹(jǐn)慎。24.D-解析：術(shù)后惡心可能由疼痛藥物、麻醉或睡眠不足引起。其他選項(xiàng)（如單一原因）過于簡化。25.B-解析